虚拟语气讲解905010000.doc

虚拟语气 I、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 1. 条件从句和主句中谓语动词形式表2. 基本用法 （1） 与现在事实相反 I would certainly go if I had the time. (The fact is that I have no time.) If he were here, everything would be all right. (He is not here in fact.)（2） 与过去事实相反 If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. I would have made a bad mistake if I hadnt taken your advice.（3） 与将来事实相反 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. (I will not do it. We wouldnt lose courage even if we should fail again. 3. 特殊结构的虚拟条件句 （1） If it were not for If it had not been for but for 相当于without 例如：If it were not for your help, I could never go to college. If it had not been for the PLA men, his hometown might have been destroyed by the big flood. （2） 假设的情况通过上下文表示出来 I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the procession. I would have called on you during my stay in Hongkong, but I didnt know your address. （3） 如果条件句中有动词were, had, 或should，可省略if, 把这些动词放在主语前面 Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (= If they had time, they .) Should I be free tomorrow, I would come to attend your meeting. (= If I should be free, I .) （4） 错综条件句 、混合条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，虚拟的主句动作与从句动作并不在同一时间发生，这种从句与主句动作发生时间不一致的虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句或叫混合条件句。这时从句与主句按各自发生的时间构成相应的虚拟式。 If you had followed my advice, you would not be in such trouble now. If he had told me his telephone number yesterday, I would be able to ring him up now. II、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 在表示建议、要求、命令等动词的宾语从句中，从句中常用 (should) do 形式。 (suggest, require, demand, order, command, request, ask, insist)例如： I require that he come by ten. The doctor suggested that his uncle not go on that trip to London. The headmaster asked / demanded that all the students attend the meeting. The officer ordered that the soldiers should start out at once. (1) 在这些动词构成的主语从句中也用虚拟语气 It is suggested that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. It was ordered that no language should be taught in that school except German. (2) 在It is necessary / important / strange / a pitythat 从句中也用虚拟语气 It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. (3) 由这些动词转化来的名词后的同位语从句或表语从句中也用虚拟语气。 My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups. What do you think of the suggestion that we (should) put on a play at the English evening? 注1：suggest当“暗示、说明”时，不用虚拟语气。如： The expression on his face suggested that he was happy. 注2：insist表示“强调说”时不用虚拟语气。如： She insisted that she was right when she insisted that the patient should be sent to hospital immediately. III. 虚拟语气在某些单词和短语中的应用 （1） Its (high) time that did(were) should do Its time you went to bed. You look so tired. Its high time that you thought of your future. （2） as if / though did(were)现在 had done过去 They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years. It seems as if / though it were spring already. （3） wish did(were)现在 had done过去 would/could/might/should do将来 I wish I helped you every day. I wish I would / could help you tomorrow. I wish I had helped you yesterday. （4） would rather had done过去 did(were)现在，将来 I would rather you c