新版GMAT语法考试复习资料.pdf

1 GMATGMATGMATGMAT 语法语法 教材说明 老师主要讲解的是教材说明 老师主要讲解的是 蓝皮书蓝皮书 商学院入学考试指导 中 商学院入学考试指导 中 云南教育出版社出版 云南教育出版社出版 黄皮书 黄皮书 GMATGMATGMATGMAT 官方指南官方指南 1 1 1 1 GMATGMATGMATGMAT语法介绍语法介绍 1 11 11 11 1 自我介绍自我介绍自我介绍自我介绍 赵丽赵丽赵丽赵丽 1 21 21 21 2 GMATGMATGMATGMAT 语法课程介绍语法课程介绍语法课程介绍语法课程介绍 1 GMAT 介绍 第一部分 作文部分 IssueandArgument 第二部分 Problem solving and Date sufficiency 第三部分 Verbalsection Reading comprehension Critical reasoning Sentencecorrection 2 上课要求 讲什么记什么 3 课程设置 1 总述 2 解题步骤 3 解题两大原则 4 十五点倾向性 5 四大出题原则 6 四大语法现象 4 GMAT 总纲 Sentencecorrection questions present asentence part orallof which is underlined Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined passage The first answer choicerepeats the original theother fourare different If you think theoriginal phrasing is 2 best choosethefirst answer otherwise chooseone of theothers 例 黄皮书 P638 第一题 Although asurgeinretail sales have raised hopes that thereis a recovery finally underway many economist s say that without a largeamount of spending the recovery might not last A have raised hopes that thereis a recovery finally B raised hopes for therebeinga recovery finally C had raised hopes for a recovery finallybeing D has raised hopes thatarecovery is finally E raised hopes for arecovery finally This type of question testsyour ability to recognize the correctnessand effectiveness of expressioninstandard written English In choosing your answer follow therequirements of standard written English that is pay attention to grammar choice of words and sentence construction Choose theanswer that produces the most effective sentence this answer should be clear and exact without awkwardness ambiguity redundancy or gram matical error 1 31 31 31 3 GMATGMATGMATGMAT 解题步骤解题步骤解题步骤解题步骤 例 蓝皮书 P289 1 Researchers at Cornell university have demonstrated that homing pigeons can sense changesinthe earth sfield seelight waves that people cannot see detect low frequency soundsfrom miles away sensechangesinair pressure and can identify familiar odors 例 蓝皮书 P289 2 Among the reasonsfor thedecline of New England agricultureinthe last theredecades were thehigh cost of land the pressureof housing and commercial development and basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and Cali fornia 例 蓝皮书 P241 第 2 题 Since 1981 when thefarm depression began thenumber of acres overseen by professional farm management companoeshave grown 48 million to nearly 59 million an area that is about Colaorado ssize A have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million an area that is about Colorado s size B have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million about the size of Colorado C has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million an area about thesize of Colorado D has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million an areaabout the size of Colorado s E has grown from48 million up to nearly 59 million about Colorado ssize 3 2 GMAT2 GMAT2 GMAT2 GMAT解题两大规则 解题两大规则 2 12 12 12 1 忠实原文 忠实原文 忠实原文 忠实原文 第一 强烈语气要保留 例 1 蓝皮书 P243 第 10 题 However much United States voters may agree that thereis wasteingovernment and that the government as awhole spends beyond its means it is difficlt to find broad supportfor a movement toward a minimal state A However much United States voters may agree that B Despite the agreement among United States voters to the fact C Although United States voters agree D Even though United States voters may agree E Thereis agreement among United States voters that 例 2 蓝皮书 P254 第 51 题 While Jackie Robinson wasa Brooklyn Dodger his courageinthe faceof physical threats and verbal attackswas not unlike that of Rosa Parks who refuse to move to the back of a businMontgomery Alabama A not unlike that of Rosa Parks who refused B not unlike Rosa Parks who refused C like RosaParks and her refusal D like that of Rosa Parksfor refusing E as that of Rosa Parks who refused 第二 不能随便改变句子的中心 例 蓝皮书 P245 第 18 题 Each of Hemingway s wives Hadley Richardson Pfeiffer Martha Gelhom and Mary Welsh werestrong and interesting women very different from the often pallid women who populate his novels A Each of Hemingway swives Hadley Richardson Pauline Pfeiffer Martha Gelhorn and Mary Welsh were strong and interesting women B Hadley Richardson Pauline Pfeiffer Martha Gelhorn and Mary Welsh each of them Hemingway s wives werestrong and interesting women C Hemingway s wives Hadley Richardson Pauline Pfeiffer Martha Gelhorn and Mary Welsh wereallstrong and interesting women D Strong and interesting women Hadley Richardson Pauline Pfeiffer Martha Gelhorn and Mary Welsh each a wife of hemingway was E Strong and interesting women Hadley Richardson Pauline Pfeiffer Martha Gelhorn 4 and Mary Welsh every one of Hemingway s wives were 第三 修饰语的谓语动词不能随意省略 添加或改变 修饰语的词性也不能随意改变 例 蓝皮书 P250 第 37 题 Which some academicians believe that business ethics should be integrated into every business course others say that students will take ethics seriously onlyifitwould be taught as a separately required course A onlyifitwould be taught as a separately required course B onlyifitis taught as a separate required course C ifitis taught only as arequired course separately D ifitwas taught only as aseparate and required course E ifitwould only betaught as arequired course separately 第四 原文的时态不能轻易改变 例 蓝皮书 P250 第 36 题 Bufo marinus toads fiercepredators thay will eat frogs lizards and even small birds arenative to South Americabut were introduced into Florida during the 1930 sinan attempt to control pestsinthestate s vast sugarcanefields A are native to SouthAmerica but wereintroduced into Florida during the 1930 sinan attempt to control B are nativeinSouth Americabut wereintroduced into Florida during the 1930 sas attempt to control C arenatives of South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930 sinan attempt at controlling D had been native to SouthAmerica but wereintroduced to Florida during the 1930 sas an attempt at controlling E had been natives of South America but were introduced to Florida during the 1930 s as an attempts at controlling 2 22 22 22 2 简洁有效 简洁有效 简洁有效 简洁有效 第一 避免用词重复 能用短语就不用从句 adj n 优于 n that be adj 能用一个词说的 不使用短语 第二 用词稍微简洁 第三 v 优于 adj adj 优于抽象名词 抽象名词优于动名词 e g I supportyou I am supportive of you useful ofuse about concerning 5 3 3 3 3 GMATGMATGMATGMAT 十五点倾向性 十五点倾向性 3 13 13 13 1 表示举例时 使用表示举例时 使用表示举例时 使用表示举例时 使用 suchsuchsuchsuch asasasas 例 蓝皮书 P292 第 15 题 Florida will gain another quarter million jobs this year alone many of theminhigh paying fields like electronicsand banking making the state s economy far morediversified than ten years ago A high paying fields like electronics and banking making the state s economy far more diversified than B high paying fields like electronics and banking and making the state s economy far more diversified than its economy C high paying fields such as electronics and banking to make the state s economy far more diversified than D such high paying fields as electronics and banking making the state seconomy far morediversified thanitwas E Such high paying fields as electronics and banking and make the state seconomy far morediversified thanitwas 例 蓝皮书 P298 第 37 题 As the priceof gasoline rise which makes substituting alcohol distilled fromcereal grain attractive the priceof bread and livestock feed are sure to increase A which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grain attractive B which makes substituting the distillation of alcohol from cereal grain attractive C which makes distilling alcohol from cereal grain an attractive substitute D making an attractive substitution of alcohol distilled from cereal grain E making alcohol distilled from cereal grain an attractive substitute 例 蓝皮书 P322 第 136 题 Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a greatanthro pologist and that make his letters as a group the rival of the best nobels of the time A makes his letters as a group the rival of B makes hislettersas agroup one to rival C makes his letters a group rivaling D makehis letters as a group therival of E make his lettersagroup which is the rival of 例 蓝皮书 P319 第 123 题 Thelack of complete historical records from themid to late 1800 s havemade some Black inventions difficult to traceto their originators A have made someBlack inventions difficult to trace to their originators B have madefor difficultiesintracing someinventions by Blacksto their originators 6 C have madeitdifficult to trace someinventionsby Blacks to their originators D havemadeitdifficult to trace someinventionsto their Blacks originators E have madeitdifficultintracing someBlacks inventionsto their originators 3 23 23 23 2 considerconsiderconsiderconsider 的用法的用法的用法的用法 3 23 23 23 2 bebebebe inininin 出现 出现 出现 出现 99 99 99 99 错错错错 例 蓝皮书 P262 第 86 题 Having theright hand and arm being crippled by a sniper s bullet during the First Word War HoracePippin a BlackAmerican painter worked by holding the brushinhis right hand and guiding its movements with his left A Having theright hand and arm being crippled by a sniper s bullet during the First World War B In spite of his right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper s bullet during the First World War C Becausethere had been a sniper s bullet during the First World War that crippled his right hand and arm D Theright hand and arm being crippled by a sniper sbullet during theFirst World War E His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper sbullet during theFirst World War 3 43 43 43 4 theretheretherethere bebebebe 结构出现 错误结构出现 错误结构出现 错误结构出现 错误 3 53 53 53 5 宾语从句中一定不能省略宾语从句中一定不能省略宾语从句中一定不能省略宾语从句中一定不能省略 thatthatthatthat 例 蓝皮书 P296 第 29 题 Sartrebelieved each individual is responsible to chooseone courseof action over another one thatitis thechoicethat gives value to the act and that nothing that is not acted upon has value A each individual is responsible to chooseone courseof action over another one B that each individual is responsible for choosing one courseof action over another C that each individual is responsible choosing onecourseof action over another D that each individual is responsible to choose onecourseof action over theother E each individual is responsible for choosing onecourseof action over other ones 3 63 63 63 6 v v v v 优于优于优于优于 adjadjadjadj adjadjadjadj 优于抽象名词 抽象名词优于动名词优于抽象名词 抽象名词优于动名词优于抽象名词 抽象名词优于动名词优于抽象名词 抽象名词优于动名词 例 蓝皮书 P317 第 114 题 Poor management outdated technology competition fromoverseas and steel s 7 replacement to materials like aluminum and fiber reinforced plastics haveallbeen cited as causes for the decline of theUnited States steel industry A steel s replacement to materials like B thereplacement of steel by such materials as C thereplacing of steel with materials of D thereplacing of steel by means of materials like E to replace steel by materials such as 3 73 73 73 7 主动优于被动主动优于被动主动优于被动主动优于被动 例 P301 第 46 题 Although films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills inreality these gregarious creatures liveinstable groups that occupy the sameterritory for long periods A films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the topsof distant hills B infilms about the American West coyotes are depicted to be solitary animals that howl mournfully on the topsof distant hills C coyotes are depicted as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hillsin films about theAmerican West D films about theAmerican West depict coyotes asifthey were solitary mournfully howling animals on thetops of distant hills E films about the American West depict coyotes to be solitary and mournfully howling animals on thetops of distant hills 3 83 83 83 8 连词优于介词连词优于介词连词优于介词连词优于介词 例 P294 第 20 题 Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during two decades stringent rationing and planned distribution have allowed the People s Republic of China to ensure nutritional levels of 2 000 calories per person per day for its population A Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during B Even though its per capita food supply has hardly increasedin C Despite its per capita food supply hardly increasing over D Despite there being hardly any increaseinits per capita food supply during E Although thereis hardly any increaseinper capita food supply for 例 P272 第 127 题 Two new studies indicate that many people becomeobesemore dueto thefact that their bodies burn calories too slowly than overeating A due to the fact their bodies burn calories too slowly than overeating B due to their bodies burning calories too slowly than to eating too much C becausetheir bodies burn calories too slowly than that they are overeaters 8 D becausetheir bodies burn calories too slowly than becausethey eat too much E becauseof their bodies burning calories too slowly than becauseof their eating too much 3 93 93 93 9 cancancancan 优于优于优于优于 bebebebe ableableableable totototo 例 P302 第 51 题 Roy Wilkins was among the last of a generation of civil rights activists who led the nation through decades of change so profound many young Americans are not able to imagine even lessto remember what segregation was like A so profound many young Americans are not able to imagine even less to remember B so profound that many young Americans cannot imagine much less remember C so profound many youngAmericans cannot imagine nor even less remember D of such profundity many young Americans cannot imagine even less can they remember E of such profundity that many young Americans are not able to imagine much less to remember 例 P306 第 68 题 Thereis ample evidence derived from thelore of traditional folk medicine that naturally occurring antibiotics are usually able to bemodified to make them a moreeffective drug A areusually able to bemodified to make them a moreeffective drug B are usuallyableto be modified to make them more effective drugs C are usuallyableto be modified which makes them moreeffective drugs D can usually bemodified to make them a moreeffective drug E can usually be modified to make them moreeffective drugs 3 103 103 103 10 andandandand 优于优于优于优于 asasasas wellwellwellwell asasasas 例 P284 第 173 题 Eating saltwater fish may significantly reducethe risk of heart attacks and also aid for sufferersof rheumatoid arthritis and asthma according to three research studies publishedinthe New England Journal of Medicine A significantly reducethe risk of heart attacksand also aid for B be significantinreducing the risk of heart attacksand aid for C significantly reducethe risk of heart attacks and aid D causea significant reductionintherisk of heart attacks and aid to E significantly reduce therisk of heart attacks as well as aiding 例 蓝皮书 P320 第 126 题 In thelateseventh centry in adispute over whether the Prophet Muhammad s son in law Ali should carry on as the fourth caliph Muhammad s successor Islam split into two branches theSunnis and theShiites A over whether the Prophet Muhammad s son in law Ali should carry on as thefourth 9 caliph Muhammad s successor B overifAli the Prophet Muhammad s son in law wasgoing tocarry on and be the fourth caliph Muhammad s successor C over whether theProphet Muhammad s son in law was going tocarry on and be the fourth caliph Muhammad s successor 3 11 3 11 3 11 3 11 关于用关于用关于用关于用 over over over over aboutaboutaboutabout 而不用而不用而不用而不用 concerningconcerningconcerningconcerning 与与与与 asasasas totototo 例 蓝皮书 P320 第 126 题 In thelateseventh centry in adispute over whether the Prophet Muhammad s son in law Ali should carry on as thefourth caliph Muhammad s successor Islam split into two branches theSunnis and theShiites A over whether the Prophet Muhammad s son in law Ali should carry on as thefourth caliph Muhammad s successor B overifAli the Prophet Muhammad s son in law was going tocarry on and be the fourth caliph Muhammad s successor C over whether theProphet Muhammad s son in law was going tocarry on and be the fourth caliph Muhammad s successor 3 123 123 123 12 表达是否的时候表达是否的时候表达是否的时候表达是否的时候 只能用只能用只能用只能用 whether whether whether whether 不用不用不用不用if if if if跟跟跟跟 whetherwhetherwhetherwhether orororor notnotnotnot 例 P26287 Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces its survival depends on ifitcan broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for asitewhereitcan store and exhibit its morethan 12 000 artifacts A ifitcan broaden its membership and leave B whetheritcan broaden its membership and leave C whether or notithas thecapability to broaden its membership and can leave D its ability for broadening its membership and leaving E the ability foritto broaden its membership and leave 例 P288180 TheCoast Guard is conducting teststo see whether pigeons can be trained to help find survivors of wrecks at sea A to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find B to see whether pigeons can be trained as help to find C to seeifpigeons can be trained for helping to find D that seeifpigeons areable to betrainedinhelping to find E that seewhether pigeons areable to betrained for helpinfinding 3 133 133 133 13 介词介词介词介词 which which which which 优于优于优于优于 wherewherewherewhere 10 例 P29732 In ancient times Nubia wasthe principal corridor where therewere cultural influences transmitted between BlackAfricaand the Mediterranean basin A where therewere cultural influences transmitted B through which cultural influences were transmitted C where therewas atransmission of cultural influences D for thetransmitting of cultural influences E which wastransmitting cultural influences 3 143 143 143 14 ratherratherratherrather thanthanthanthan 优于优于优于优于 insteadinsteadinsteadinstead ofofofof 例 P25140 In metalwork on advantage of adhesive bonding over spot welding is that thecontract and hencethebonding is effected continuously over abroad surface instead of a series of regularly spaced points with no bondinginbetween A instead of B as opposed to C incontrast with D rather than at E as against being at 例 P30667 South Korea has witnessed theworld s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations church membership is expanding