新标准大学英语综合教程4unit6答案.pdf

All in the past Unit 6 Unit overview Unit key featuresOrganizing suggestions Passage 1 Winston Churchill Passage 2 The historian and his facts Passage 1 is a piece of historical writing Passage 2 contains reflections on the nature of history and historical facts Passage 1 is a historical character sketch Its basic form is narrative The writer assumes quite a lot of historical background so Ss will need support on this aspect Passage 2 will be harder for most Ss because of its philosophical nature The passage begins as a lecture and has a rather witty conversational tone Reading skills a Predicting b Appreciating rhetorical devices personification synonymy antonymy repetition c Understanding text organization Use Passage 1 for skills a and b and use Passage 2 for skills a and c Consult the Further teacher development section for more on the rhetoric of Passage 1 It will enable T to show deeper understanding of the style Ensure that Ss are confident of the meaning before looking at points of style Speaking skills Giving reasons Cooperating to establish meaning Encourage Ss to comment on the viewpoints and quotations and give their reasons Let Ss try to work out orally with their partner what the various statements and quotes for discussion mean Writing skills and tasks Guided writing presenting a biased argument Unit task Writing a report on an important historical event or discovery The instructions in the Guided writing section are very clear and helpful Ask Ss to follow the instructions in their argument The Unit task will demand a little historical research to remind Ss of the facts they need Cognitive skills Skills of comparison Achieving effects on readers Drawing subtle distinctions Identifying the significance of historical facts Ss compare different types of history and approaches to learning the subject Ss establish the difference between facts and historical facts Ss present historical facts and explain their significance Reading across cultures Bringing history to life The passage is about comparison between traditional museums and hands on living history museums The passage is straightforward and the Guided writing section exploits it well Unit 6 All in the past 204 Teaching suggestions and answer keys Starting point 1 Work in pairs Discuss why the people in the pictures are important Mahatma Gandhi 1869 1948 was a resolute opponent of colonialism and British rule in India He also resisted racial prejudice but his greatest claim to fame was his belief in non violent action His main weapon was passive resistance a refusal to obey the authorities He also tried to keep the Muslims and Hindus of India from fighting Leonardo da Vinci 1452 1519 is seen as the great example of the Renaissance man not only a great painter Mona Lisa The Last Supper but a sculptor engineer and scientist His notebooks show the range of his ideas and knowledge including ideas for flight and the helicopter Albert Einstein 1879 1955 was a great mathematician and scientist who changed the way we see the universe He was also a strong advocate of the moral and peaceful use of science Einstein is best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics and is often regarded as the father of modern physics Christopher Columbus c1451 1506 was a navigator and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere 2 Choose the type of history you think is most important Teaching tips Establish that Ss know the differences between the various types of history Ask for an example of the sort of thing they would learn about each type methods of farming political policies weapons poets astronomy contact with other parts of the world etc I choose social history as it is the history of the majority of people The Marxist school of history believes the social economic framework to be the most significant factor in historical change The sort of history that is important to us is largely a matter of what is significant to us now Our world is organized into states and our daily lives are dominated by technology so I think it is natural for us to emphasize political history and the history of science 3 Work in pairs Talk about the qualities which make someone an important historical figure The number of people their lives affected then and now their achievements their morality the size of their ambition outstanding human virtues or vices All in the past Unit 6 205 Additional activity T can ask Ss to do one of the following activities to introduce them to the subject of history 1 Ask Ss randomly to complete the sentence History is 2 Ask Ss what they thought of their history lessons at school 3 Ask Ss to give their first reaction to the word history eg the past boring emperors Active reading 1 1 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions 1 Who was Winston Churchill a Head of the British Army b President of the US c British Prime Minister 2 Which of these events is Churchill most famously associated with a World War I b World War II c The English Civil War 3 Which of the lines did Churchill say in a speech a I have nothing to offer but blood toil tears and sweat a quote from Winston Churchill in 1940 on becoming Prime Minister b Ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country a quote from John Kennedy on inauguration as US President 1961 c In the end we will remember not the words of our enemies but the silence of our friends a quote from Martin Luther King Jr 2 Read the first paragraph of the passage and predict what the passage is likely to be about The passage is a an extract from a biography of Churchill b a pen portrait of Churchill c a comparison of important historical people Winston Churchill Background information The book is by Mo Mowlam an intellectual and popular senior politician who died in 2009 as a result of brain cancer Culture points Lord Randolph Churchill 1849 1895 was a British statesman He was the third son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough He was the father of the future wartime Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Churchill who wrote the first major biography of Lord Randolph Unit 6 All in the past 206 Clementine Churchill 1885 1977 was the wife of Sir Winston Churchill and a life peeress in her own right She did do charity work but basically she devoted herself to looking after her husband and bringing up their five children Arthur Neville Chamberlain 1869 1940 was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940 Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement foreign policy When Adolf Hitler continued his aggression Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939 and Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of World War II Language points 1 to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark lamentable catalogue of human crime Para 2 1 to fight against an evil dictatorship worse than any that has existed before in human history despite all the terrible men there have been in the past 2 But self belief was something he maintained despite rather than because of his family Para 4 You might think that coming from such a great family was what gave Churchill his self confidence but actually his family did nothing to encourage him 3 His father Lord Randolph Churchill and his mother Jennie were both cold and distant people Para 4 Cold and distant people refer to those who are not willing to show or give affection very formal and unemotional 4 Winston s father predicted his child would degenerate into a shabby unhappy and futile existence Winston s father predicted that Winston would get worse as he grew older and would have an uninteresting unrespectable sad and pointless life 5 This was the onset of his first major bout of depression a curse he called his black dog Para 8 Black dog here is a metaphor Depression is seen as dark black and it follows one around as does one s dog It is also capable of biting causing pain Black dogs are also associated with the Devil 6 She kept him together but he got himself out of it in true Churchillian fashion Para 8 Clementine helped her husband a lot at that bad time to function from day to day but it was his typical personal mental strength that brought him back to normal 7 But by 1930 Labour was in power and he was on the backbenches a nobody and a has been Para 9 Someone on the backbenches refers to a member of Parliament without a government position ministers sit on the front row of seats benches and their followers and supporters behind them A nobody and a has been refers to a person of no importance in politics and someone with only a past not present or future 8 He largely sat out the 1930s at his country retreat Chartwell Para 9 The expression sat out is a metaphor from sport Some players sit on a bench as reserves Churchill was like this politically and no one asked him to leave his seat and come and play take part He did not need to be in London much and could stay at home in the countryside All in the past Unit 6 207 9 The billboards said Cheer Churchill Vote Labour and that s what people did Para 12 During elections large posters are put up The Labour Party Winston s opponents in the election did not attack him personally They said it was correct to like and admire Winston but not to vote for his party which did not have good policies and people agreed 10 That was the irony The very democracy that Churchill was prepared to lay down his life to defend was the same democracy that knew the difference between the needs of peace and the needs of war Para 12 It seems ironic that after fighting so hard and bravely to keep Britain a democracy Churchill was removed from power by a democratic vote But the British knew that a great war leader may not be a good peacetime one 11 If Britain its eccentricity its strength of character its big heartedness had to be summed up in one person it was him Para 13 Britain has always valued individuals who behave in their own unique way people who are not easily persuaded to do what they don t want to and who accept others in a spirit of generosity In this way Churchill can be seen as being the model Briton Reading and understanding 3 Number the events in the order they happened 5 The allied forces declared victory in World War II 3 Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty 4 Churchill became Prime Minister 1 Churchill fought in the Boer War 6 Churchill lost the general election 2 Churchill elected to the British Parliament 4 Choose the best way to complete the sentences 1 In the summer of 1940 Britain a a was likely to be attacked by another country b was surrounded by enemies c was intending to attack another country d had been attacked by another country 2 Churchill suggested that Britain b a would win a terrible victory b needed to fight a difficult war c must prevent a terrible crime d was a democratic country 3 Winston s father thought he was c a an intelligent and handsome boy who would be rich b a strong and brave boy who would fight for his country c a weak miserable boy unlikely to be successful d a hard working boy who would follow in the family tradition Unit 6 All in the past 208 4 The writer suggests that as an MP Churchill d a promoted the interests of trade unionists b was not interested in law and order c disliked the attitude of the suffragettes d used the army to suppress people who wanted to change society 5 The writer suggests that Churchill s early ambition was a a to be an important military man b to play with soldiers c to win a war d to live in a palace 6 Winston fought as an ordinary soldier because c a he was married to a younger woman b he became depressed c he felt guilty about a battle that went wrong d he wanted to write about the war 7 In 1940 Churchill b a agreed with Neville Chamberlain b inspired people to believe they could win the war c declared that the King wanted him to be Prime Minister d won a victory at Agincourt 8 At the end of the passage the writer suggests that Britain d a no longer needed democracy b had forgotten all about Churchill c summed up the character of Churchill d had survived the war thanks to Churchill 5 Choose the best summary of the passage 3 Churchill came from a famous family and was a soldier and politician When Churchill became Prime Minister in 1940 Britain was at war Churchill made speeches that inspired the nation and led the country to victory Although he was considered a great military leader Churchill lost the general election after the war Dealing with unfamiliar words 6 Match the words in the box with their definitions 1 willing to accept someone else s beliefs or way of life without criticizing them tolerant 2 a system of government in which people vote in elections to choose the people who will govern them democracy 3 willing to support work for or be a friend to someone even in difficult times loyal 4 being famous and admired for a special skill or achievement renowned 5 the things that you will do or the type of person that you will become in the future destiny 6 a peaceful and private place where you can go in order to rest retreat 7 to frighten or hurt someone who is smaller and weaker than you bully All in the past Unit 6 209 7 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 6 Churchill believed that he was 1 destined to lead his country He fought as a soldier in World War I and led the country to victory in World War II It seems ironic that a leader of such 2 renown as Churchill could not count on the 3 loyalty of voters in 1945 However in a 4 democratic country electors cannot be 5 bullied and he had to 6 tolerate political defeat after military victory and went once more to his country 7 retreat Chartwell 8 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box 1 His achievements were so great that they can never be bettered surpassed 2 The situation can only get worse it will never improve degenerate 3 Although he was a rich man his clothes were of poor quality and in bad condition shabby 4 He exchanged his position as a general for that of an ordinary soldier swapped 5 At the beginning of World War II the King turned to Churchill to lead the country onset 6 Churchill drank a lot of alcohol liquor 7 Churchill wanted to do something to show he was sorry for his mistake at the battle of Gallipoli make amends 9 Answer the questions about the words and expressions 1 If a government is a monstrous tyranny is it a terrible and oppressive or b democratic and tolerant 2 If something is lamentable is it a surprising or b disappointing 3 If you pack someone off do you a protect them or b send them away 4 If someone talks with a stammer do they talk a in a confident way or b with difficulty 5 Does double up as mean a to do two jobs at the same time or b to do a job more than once 6 Is a dispatch a a report that you send or b something you experience 7 Is sanity a a mental illness or b the ability to think and speak reasonably 8 If you suffer a bout of flu does the flu last a a short time or b a long time 9 Does unswervingly describe someone whose feelings a often change especially if circumstances change or b are constant even if circumstances are difficult 10 If you brandish something do you a hide it in a pocket or b wave it in the air 11 Does infuriating describe someone who a makes you angry or b is very easy to get on with 12 Is eccentricity a strange and unusual behaviour or b normal behaviour Reading and interpreting 10 Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions 1 In the summer of 1940 Britain stood alone on the brink of invasion At that crucial time one man Winston Churchill defined what it meant to be British In what way do you think Churchill personified Britain The leader of a country represents it Churchill s determination to win and strength of character summed up the nation s feelings 2 You ask what is our policy You ask what is our aim Who asks these questions Who answers them What effect does this have The people who ask these questions are the members of Parliament he was addressing and beyond Unit 6 All in the past 210 them the British people wondering what their new government would do By answering them Churchill shows his leadership The questions also give the speech form and rhythm 3 with all our might and with all our strength Might and strength have similar meanings why are both words used The use of these two words which are similar in meaning creates emphasis as do the two alls and so expresses determination as well as a warning that it will be a total struggle There is also perhaps a reassurance that the country has considerable resources 4 People talk of 1066 of the Armada of Trafalgar But 1940 was the most important year in British history It was the year of Dunkirk the Battle of Britain the Blitz The first set of battles covered more than 700 years of British history The second set all happened in 1940 What is the effect of putting these lists together It shows how much was packed into that one year of total crisis It was equal to all that went before 5 If Britain its eccentricity its strength of character its big heartedness had to be summed up in one person it was him Does a nation have a character What is the writer saying about Britain and about Churchill The writer thinks a country has certain values its people believe in and therefore try to show These are the qualities he thinks are treasured by the British ones which Churchill had in full It is possible that patriotism gives each country a rather exaggerated sense of its own virtues but it is also true that different cultures do emphasize different aspects of life Developing critical thinking 11 Work in pairs and discuss the questions 1 How much influence can one person have on the history of th