定语从句大全.doc

一、定语从句的概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句有两要素，其一，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。 关系词（引导定语从句） 1. People who have the highest EQ are the most successful 先行词 (被修饰词)2.定语从句的分析步骤: 找出先行词 分析先行词在从句中充当的成分 对号入座选关系词 - 关键！二、关系代词1. 指人的关系代词: who / whom / that 先行词在从句中作主语 eg: A doctor is a person who / that looks after peoples health. 先行词在从句中作宾语 eg: Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much. 关系代词前有介词eg: Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend. 小结： 指人的关系代词中，在从句中充当主语的是who和that,且在句中不可以省略。 指人的关系代词中, 在从句中充当宾语的是who，that和whom,且可以省略。 当关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用 whom。2.指物的关系代词: which / that 先行词在从句中作主语 eg: The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure. 先行词在从句中作宾语 eg: The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine. 关系代词前有介词 eg: Here is the money with which I will buy a piano. 小结：如何选定语从句中的关系词： 指物的关系代词中，在从句中充当主语的是which和that,且在句中不可以省略。 指物的关系代词中, 在从句中充当宾语的是which和that，且可以省略。 当关系代词前有介词时，指物只能用which。 that既可指人又可指物。PRACTICE把下列每对句子连成一个定语从句：1. The place is very attractive. We visited the place last week.2. This is one of the books. The books were written by Lu Xun3. Our environment is polluted by the waste material. The waste material is poured into the air and water by the chemical works.4. The ship was sunk to the bottom of the sea. The ship was attacked by the pirates.5. The houses were destroyed in the earthquake. The houses were built more than 30 years ago.3. 表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有) 表示人的所有 eg: The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor. 表示物的所有 eg: Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.4. as作关系代词的用法as引导的定语从句常出现于the sameas,suchas,asas和soas结构中。即：当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词选as，且不能省略。eg: Lets meet at the same place as we did yesterday.注： the sameas vs the samethat 指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物eg: This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it? This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me. suchas vs suchthateg: It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.分析:定语从句，as指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，表示“像那样”.It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.分析:that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，表示“如此以至于”. as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，但 which 不能置于句首，但 as 可以放在句首，有“正如”的含义. eg: As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.As was expected before hand, the concert was very successful.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.三关系副词1.表示地点 where eg: We moved to Boston where / in which my grandparents lived.2.表示时间 when eg: April the first is the day when / on which people make fun of others. Ill never forget the time when / during which we worked together. 3.表示原因 why / thateg: (1) I have come here to explain the reason why/for which I was absent from the meeting. (2) I dont want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give. (3).the reason why is that三、定语从句的分类：1.限制性定语从句:与先行词关系密切,如果没有定语从句,主句不完整,且与先行词之间无逗号。2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用,如果删除,主句意义仍然完整,与先行词之间有逗号。 eg: On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine. My aunt Alice, whom I havent seen for years, is coming next month. 六、要点点拨: - 1. 对比 (1) Jeff is one of the students who were awarded.(2) Jeff is the only one of the students that was awarded.2. 对比 (1) Is this museum the one I visited last time ? (2) Is this the museum that I visited last time?3.在定语从句中,如果“_”后面为谓语动词,则先行词在从句中充当主语.- 易错！Eg: I used to live in a village, which is far from my school. 分析:横线后面为谓语动词 is，因此先行词 village 在从句中充当主语，指物且为非限制性定语从句，因此只能填 which 不能是where！ 只能用that 的情况：a先行词为all, any, few, no, some, much, little等修饰。 I have done all the work that he told us to do.b先行词被序数词修饰。 That last/first question that he asked me was hard to answer.c先行词同时有人和物。 They often talk about things and persons that they remember.d先行词是everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词。 I remembered everything that the teachers taught me before.e先行词被形容词最高级修饰。 That is the best book that I have read.f先行词被the very, the only, the same修饰。 It is the very book that I am looking for.g先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语。 China is no longer the country that it used to be.h先行词是指示代词that, one, those, this, another, all等。 Is this school the one that I saw in the picture?i主句以who / which开头，定语从句用that 。Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? / which is the car that was made in China ?Correct the mistakes 改错1. This is the last lesson which Mr. Smith taught me. 2. I have read all the books which you lent me. 3. Is there anything else which I can do for you? 4. Tom and his dog which were here a moment ago have disappeared5. He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south. 6. Do you still remember the day when we first spent together? 7. He is the only one of the experts who know a little Chinese. 8. Who is the man who shook hands with you just now? 9. Is this museum that they visited yesterday? 10. His father died last year, who made him sad. 11. All what you should do now is to take a good rest. 12. Do you know the teacher whom I think will come to teach us English?. 13. The sun heats the earth, which make it possible for plants to grow. 14. I had never heard such an interesting story like he told. 15. People who has eyes can sometimes act just as foolishly as the blind men. 只能用which的情况：a关系代词前有介词。 This is the house in which we lived last year .b先行词本身是that 。 The clock is that which I bought yesterday .c非限制性定语从句。 His English , which used to be very poor, is now excellent .只用who的情况：1.当先行词是persons, people, those时。例如： Those who are for my plan , please put up your hands.同意我的计划的人请举手。 Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.好争者被轻视。 2. 当先行词是he, one, all, any, they等时，例如： He who has not reached the Great Wall isnt a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 All who had seen this film were moved.看过这部电影的人都受感动。 3.在非限定性定语从句中用who例如： I want him, who knows some English and French. 我要他，他懂得些英语和法语。 I will pardon you, who are honest. 我愿意宽恕你，你是诚实的。 定语从句在句中作定语，所以在使用时，相当于现在分词短语，过去分词短语，动词不定式短语，介词短语作后置定语的句子。aI bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. = I bought a book written by Lu Xun.bTell the children who are playing basketball not to do that. = Tell the children playing basketball not to do that.cThe house that stands at the corner was built in 1987. =The house standing at the corner was built in 1987.dWe have nothing that we should fear . = We have nothing to fear.eThe book that is on the table is expensive. = The book on the table is expensive.Practice：35. A tsunami(海啸) occurs as a series of waves _a “wave train,” and the series of surges (巨浪) can be five minutes or up to an hour apart.（2011 普陀二模）A. which known as B. known as C. is known as D. to know as36. Experts have pointed out that it was the power failure _ the Japanese tsunami(海啸) that led to the crisis at the Fukushima plant.（2011金山区二模） Will the plan _ the libraries nationally be carried out in the coming year?（2011卢湾区二模） It all depends, I suppose.A. to promote B. promote C. promoting D. that promote 各区二模定语从句透视28. Youd better have some cash on you, for an emergency _your credit card wont do. (2011普陀二模)A. which B. where C. however D. Unless36. There are many kinds of public merriment associated with Pancake Day, one of _ is the practice of pancake races.（2011奉贤二模） A. which B. them C. that D. before37.Parent-teacher conference should be pleasant, civilized, a kind of dialogue _ parents and teachers build partnership.（2011黄浦二模）A.whoseB. asC. thatD. where26. The information he gave us was quite different from _ we got ourselves.（2011宝山二模，代词与定语从句）A. one B. those C. that D. it38. E-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying message among people _ well satisfies human needs. (2011宝山区二模，定语从句的间隔) A. what B. who C. that D. how25.The China Pavilion, _, “The Crown of the East,” has a unique roof, is one of the most important style features in traditional Chinese architecture.（2011卢湾区二模）A. whose structureB. which structureC. structure of whichD. of which structure30. The tennis final between Li Na and Kim Clijsters which _ live to the world once again sparked(点燃) the patriotic passion of Chinese sports lovers.（2011金山区二模，定语从句中的间隔及主谓一致）A. was televised B. televised C. was televising D. has televised35. Parties _alcohol is served can go downhill quickly if drinking is basically the only thing to do at the party.（2011金山区二模）A. where B. which C. when D. As考察重难点1:关系副词+先行词的抽象化在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。但是在一些定语从句中，先行词并不是明确的表示地点的名词，而是一些比较抽象的名词，如：situation, condition case, scene等等。当它们作先行词时，若在定语从句中作状语，应该选用什么关系词引导呢。如:35. Parties _ alcohol is served can go downhill quickly if drinking is basically the only thing to do at the party.（2011金山区二模）A. where B. which C. when D. as31. In a sports team, each player has a clear role，and there are few occasions _members are confused or uncertain of their roles （2011浦东区一模）A. whichB. thatC. whenD. how近年来对定语从句的考查，先行词由过去的表示具体实物的名词或代词逐渐转向抽象化的名词或代词。抽象化的先行词使学生既不容易找到对应的引导词，有时又不容易选择出正确的介词搭配，所以成了难题。如何解决问题？我们可以把定语从句倒过来，通过加空与前面的先行词连接起来，看能不能加介词？加什么样的介词？若是能加，说明作状语，我们就可以选择使用where或when。 如：I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. (2003上海卷) A. why B. which C. as D. where 40. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations _formal language is used. （2011年普陀区一模）A. in which B. on which C. in that D. at what33. Newton is known as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history _ magic ended and science began.（2011徐汇区一模）A. thatB. when C. whereD. which又：Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (山东卷)A. where B. that C. when D. which38. (08上海卷 38) We went through a period _communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which0. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations _formal language is used. （2011年普陀区一模）A. in which B. on which C. in that D. at what40. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations _ would bring about positive emotions.（2011虹口二模）A. which B. where C. why D. As小结：Cases: 在案例中where / in whichSituations/conditions: 在场合中where/ in whichPoint: where/at/on whichOccasions: 时刻when/on which1，-What do you think of teaching, Bob?-I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009,Beijing，26)A. where B. which C. when D. that 2, I have reached a point in my life _I am supposed to make a decisions of my own. (2009,Zhejiang，14)A. which B. where C. how D. why2.先行词的隐藏或伪装战争中敌我双方常常采取伪装的方法来迷惑对方，使其难以找到主要目标。考试也是一样，“狡猾的”命题者们也常常使用这种方法使被测试者无从下手，从而落入陷阱。所以，同学们一定要看清假相，抓住本质，破解引导词的选用。26. The information he gave us was quite different from _ we got ourselves.（2011宝山二模，隐藏方式一：代词与定语从句）A. one B. those C. that D. it38. E-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying message among people _ well satisfies human needs. (2011宝山区二模，方式二：定语从句的间隔) A. what B. who C. that D. how30. The tennis final between Li Na and Kim Clijsters which _ live to the world once again sparked(点燃) the patriotic passion of Chinese sports lovers.（2011金山区二模，定语从句中的间隔及主谓一致）A. was televised B. televised C. was televising D. has televised考察重点2：介词+关系代词40.Raising children is said to be a job_parents receive the least formal training.（2011浦东二模）A. in whichB. for whichC. whereD. that 36. We should pay great attention to safety in schools because of frequent reports about accidents _ students got injured or killed while in school.（2011年奉贤区一模）A. in which B. for which C. which D. that3.关系代词前介词的确定方法1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. 40.Raising children is said to be a job_parents receive the least formal training.（2011浦东二模）A. in whichB. for whichC. whereD. that 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. 31. Teachers always remind us of some reading skills _ we should pay attention. （10松江二模卷）A. about whichB. to whichC. with whichD. on which3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 40. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations _formal language is used. （2011年普陀区一模）A. in which B. on which C. in that D. at what4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. 36. There are many kinds of public merriment（娱乐） associated with Pancake Day, one of _ is the practice of pancake races.（2011奉贤二模） A. which B. them C. that D. before 39. The government has revised the budget, 5% of_ will be used to help develop the medium and small sized enterprises. （10徐汇二模卷） A. that B. whose C. which D. as5. Whose从句可转换为“ the +n+of +关系代词”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south定语从句易混句型一. 定语从句与并列句1.Mr Li has three daughters, none of is an engineer.2.Mr Li has three daughters, but none of is a dancer.3.Mr Li has three daughters; are doctors.总结:1.It was raining, _ was a pity.1 What B. that C. the which D. which2. He was often over-drunk, in _way he tried to forget what happened to him in the past.2 this B. that C. which D. what二. 定语从句与名词从句1.The news _came from the front was true.2.The news_he won the game was true. 5._ is known to us all, paper was first made in China.6._ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.练习：She was not the woman _she used to be.The city is no longer _it used to be.定语从句与同位语从句的区别25.The prediction from Maya worries inhabitants _ December 21, 2012 would be the end of the world. (2011卢湾区二模)A. ifB. that C. whetherD. which37. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class_ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （2010静安一模）A. why B. that C. where D. because40. When you have a talk with others, try to leave them a good impression _you are a good listener.（2010浦东一模） A. what B. since C. that D. Which区别方法：1.语法功能不同： 定语从句是形容词从句，其句法功能相当于一个形容词，与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况；而同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，与前面的名词是同位关系，是对前面的名词作进一步解释，即说明它前面名词的内容。 2.名词类别：定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词，而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是 news，idea，fact等抽象名词。3.引导词that功能不同：定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句中起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。如：The idea that he gave surprisesd many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（定语从句， that 在从句中作 gave 的宾语） The fact that they havent finish the work has to be faced.必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。（同位语从句， that 在从句中只起连接作用，引导从句解释 fact 的内容，不作任何句子成分） 4. when，where 和 why 在引导定语从句和同位语从句的异同：它们的共同点是引导词在这两种从句中都可以充当状语。但是，定语从句前有相应的先行词，分别为表示时间、地点和原因状语的名词，而同位语从句前一般是抽象名词。重要的是，关系副词可以替换为相应的“介词+关系代词”。如：如：I still remember the day when （=on which） I first came to Beijing. 我仍记得我第一次来北京的那一天。（定语从句） I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时才会回来。（同位语从句）5.连接词that的省略： 引导定语从句的连接词有时可以省去，而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。如：Ill keep the promise （that ） I made two years ago.我将履行两年前许下的诺言。（that在句中做宾语成分，可以省略。定语从句）I make a promise that I will write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.我许诺，我一到北京就给你写信。（同位语从句） 三定语从句与强调句型的区别法宝30. Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _has made him what he is today. (2011奉贤区二模) A. why B. when C. which D. that 对比：Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _he becomes what he is today.A. why B. when C. that D. by which32. Its the embarrassment of refusing to jump_ persuades him to conquer his fear of heights.（2011虹口二模）A. which B. that C how D. what去掉“it is .that”结构，语序稍作或不做调整，是否能成为一套完整的合乎语法的句子，则为强调句型。而定语从句去掉“it is .that”结构后，意义和句法结构都不完整。四. 定语从句与地点状语从句1.Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water. 2.I still remember the farm_ my parents worked ten years ago.对比下面两个句子：He left the key where he had been an hour ago.He left the place where he lived for many years.1.Our teacher said we should make a mark_ we have question.A. that B. where C. which D. there2._ I live, there is plenty of rain.As B. which C. where D. there 大家来找茬（改错）：1. Is this the pen your father bought it for you?2. Have you been to the company where she works there?3. I shall never forget the days when I spent with you.4. Is this all what you want to say?5. He lived in a house, in front of it he planted some beautiful flowers.6. Mother came back on December 21 when was my birthday.7. This is the ring for which she is looking.8. Is this history museum that some foreign friends visited last week?9. This is the monitor her English is the best in our class.10. As you know it, he has left for Austral