汽车配件英语.doc

汽车内部配件作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年6月13日 【编者按】 本节让我们掀开引擎盖,对汽车内部的主要配件名称及功能进行介绍。Trunk: place for stowing baggage.Tail light: rear light.Spare wheel: wheel of a car used to replace a damaged wheel.Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.Transmission: automobile apparatus that transmits mechanical power to the wheels.Muffler: device used to reduce engine noise.Line shaft: axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels.Body side moulding: decorative moulding on the side of a car.Disk brake: mechanism that slows and stops a car by friction, by pressing a disk against the axel of a wheel.Oil filter: device that removes impurities from oil passing through it.Alternator: generator that produces an alternating current.Radiator: apparatus that cools the motor.Distributor: case that is used to fire the cylinders.Battery: device that generates electric current.Air filter: device that remove impurities from air passing trough it.Windshield washer: liquid used to clean the windows.Steering wheel: device used to handle a car in conjuction with steering and gear systems.Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window of a car.Seat: type of armchair in the passenger compartment of a car.Window frame: border around a window.Rearview mirror: inside mirror used for looking backward.Transmission: 变速器; Muffler: 消声器;Line shaft: 主传动轴;Disk brake: 盘式制动器; Oil filter: 机油滤清器; Alternator: 交流发电机;Radiator: 散热器; Distributor: 分电器; Steering wheel: 方向盘;Rearview mirror: 后视镜;【编者按】 从本节开始我们将对泊车主要配件的功能进行介绍。Automobile: road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting people.Trunk: place for stowing baggage.Tail light: rear light.Back fender: side rear part of the body that covers the wheel.Quarter window: window pane situated approximately above the rear wheel.Roof post: vertical structure that supports the top of the car.Window: mounted pane of glass.Door handle: part of the door used to open it.Door: opening used to enter the passenger compartment.Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.Door post: vertical structures that encase the windows.Hub cap: piece of metal covering the hubs.Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.Front fender: side fore part of the body that covers the wheel.Shield: movable apparatus that protects against bumps.Indicator light: amber light that is used to signal changes in the cars direction.License plate: piece of metal that carries a number used to identify the automobile.Bumper: apparatus at the front and rear of a vehicle that protects the body from minor bumps.Head light: front light of a car.Grill: plastic or metal decoration over the radiator.Hood: cover of the engine compartment at the front of a car.Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window of a car.Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.Windshield: the front window of a car.Sun roof: movable part that allows the roof of a car to be partially opened.Roof: upper part of a car, covering the passenger compartment.Trunk: 行李仓; Tail light: 尾灯; Back fender:后防护板 Quarter window:毂盖; Roof post: 车顶支框Door post: 车窗边框 Hub cap: 车轮盖; Shield: 防护板;Bumper: 保险杠; Head light: 前灯; Grill:格栅 .windshield wiper:风挡刮水器,风挡雨雪刷;汽车常用配件及功能综述底盘配件作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年6月16日 【编者按】 本节将引导您将汽车“翻转”过来，了解底盘上各类主要部件及功能。Automobile (view from below): road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting people.Radiator: apparatus that cools the motor.Power steering: mechanism that automatically amplifies the movements of the steering wheel.Line shaft: axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels.Exhaust system: network of pipes through which spent gas is expelled.Differential: gear system connecting the two axles of a car.Gas tank: container used for storing extra gas.Rear axle: bar that crosses the bottom rear part of a vehicle. The rear wheels are attached to its ends.Shock absorber: device for reducing shocks.Tire: band of rubber composed of a casing of textile and iron, covered with rubber and containing a air tube.Hydraulic converter: device using static energy to modify the electric current.Transmission: device carrying engine power to axles.Crankcase: metal envelope protecting the clutch.Oil pan: liquid tight metal envelope containing oil.Master cylinder: type of container in which the piston is moving.【中文注解】Power steering: 动力转向；Line shaft: 动力轴；Differential: 差速器； Rear axle: 后轴；Hydraulic converter: 液力变矩器； Crankcase: 曲轴箱；Oil pan: 油盘； Master cylinder: 主油缸汽车常用配件及功能综述作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年6月20日 【编者按】 本节我们转向汽车仪表盘主要配件及功能介绍。Automobile dashboard: the control panel of a car. Contains gauges used to measure speed, distance traveled, etc. It is generally located in front of the driver.Rearview mirror: mirror used for looking backward.Mirror: polished glass object that reflects an image.Cigarette lighter: device used for lighting cigarette.Vent: opening that allows air to circulate in the passenger compartment.Glove compartment: storage compartment at the front of the passenger compartment.Radio controls: button used to control the radio.Heating controls: button used to control the different heating systems of a car.Accelerator pedal: foot-operated control that accelerates a vehicle.Brake pedal: foot-operated control that slows and stops a vehicle.Steering column: set of mechanisms used for steering a car.Turn signal level: control that operates the turn signals.Windshield wiper controls: hand lever controlling the windshield wiper.Instrument panel: set of dials and pictograms that give information on the state of a vehicle.Sun visor: movable device that shields against the sun.【中文注解】dashboard: 仪表盘; Rearview mirror: 后视镜; Accelerator pedal: 油门踏板;Brake pedal: 制动踏板; Steering column: 驾驶杆; Instrument panel: 仪表盘;Sun visor: 防晒板;汽车常用配件及功能综述作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年6月23日 【编者按】 本节我们转向汽车前部框架结构主要配件及功能介绍。Front frame of an automobile: set of metal parts forming the framework supporting the font wheels.Front frame: the front part of the frame of a car.Brake: mechanism used to slow or stop a car.Lower control arm: part of the framework that gives flexibility to a car.Rubber pad: elastic plate that absorbs shocks.【中文注解】Rubber pad: 橡胶垫; Lower control arm: 下控制杆汽车常用配件及功能综述作者：文石 发布时间：2008年6月25日 【编者按】 本节我们转向汽车车身类别介绍。Types of bodies: shell forming the exterior of a car.Hatchback: two-door passenger compartment with a door at the back.Sports car: small, two-seated automobile.Four-door sedan: passenger compartment with four doors and four side windows.Limousine: large, six-seated passenger compartment.Convertible: car with a removable roof.Hardtop: two-door passenger compartment.Van: small vehicle used to carry baggage; a small van.Pick-up truck: a small truck.【中文注解】Convertible: 敞篷车; Limousine: 豪华车;发动机原理及详解之一往复式发动机作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年5月20日 A reciprocating engine consists of (1) compression of air or pre-compressed air (or air-fuel mixture in the case of certain types of engines) within the cylinder of the engine by the action of a piston, (2) addition of heat energy into the compressed air by directly combusting the fuel in the compressed air, followed by (3) expansion of the hot pressurized combustion products in the cylinder against the piston connected to the load to produce useful work. The auto engine and the diesel engine are examples of a reciprocating engine. The compression ratio of an auto engine is lower and the combustion process is initiated by a spark plug while in a diesel engine, the compression ratio is significantly higher and the fuel is ignited by the heat of compression.Spark Ignition Engines. Next, there are two types of spark ignition engines: the four stroke cycle and the two stroke cycle. In the four stroke engine, four strokes of the piston are required to complete a cycle: (1) intake stroke where the piston moves with the intake valve open and the exhaust valve closed such that a mixture of air with atomized and vaporized fuel is taken into the cylinder, (2) compression stroke, in which the air/fuel mixture is compressed with both valves closed followed by ignition of the air/ fuel charge by a timed spark, (3) power or expansion stroke with both valves closed, and finally (4) the exhaust stroke in which the pistons moves with the exhaust valve open and thus completing the cycle. The cylinder walls are cooled by circulating a cooling medium through the cylinder jackets or by incorporating fins cooled by air.发动机原理及详解之一往复式发动机作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年5月20日 In the two stroke engine, the intake and exhaust strokes are eliminated by using pre-compressed intake charge to displace the exhaust gases. The two stroke engine has the advantage of a high power to weight ratio because the engine has a power stroke each revolution. This advantage, however, is offset by the loss of a portion of the intake charge with the exhaust gases, resulting in lower efficiencies. The two stroke engine has thus limited applications such as in small boat engines, lawnmower engines where low cost and weight are more important than efficiency.Compression Ignition Engines. With a sufficiently high compression ratio and a suitable fuel, autoignition occurs in a reciprocating engine. The engine is similar to the spark ignited engines described above except that during the compression stroke, only air is taken into the piston and compressed to ignition conditions and then, the fuel is atomized directly into the combustion chamber at a controlled rate.【中文注解】往复式发动机由以下几部分组成（1）由于活塞运动，气缸内生产的压缩空气或预压缩的空气（或者因某些发动机类型不一样，也可能是空气燃油混合物）；（）在气缸内的压缩空气中直接燃烧燃油，增加压缩空气所带的热能，然后（）气缸中的高温高压混和气体推动活塞连杆做有用功，汽车发动机及柴油发动机全是这种发动机的代表。汽油发动机的压缩比要低一些，而气体燃烧是靠火花塞点火实现的，而柴油发动机的压缩比显然要高得多，它是靠压缩生热而燃烧的。点燃式发动机点燃式发动机可以分为两种类型，一种是四冲程发动机，另一种是两冲程发动机。对于四冲程发动机，一个循环包括四个步骤：（1）进气冲程（2）压缩冲程；（3）燃烧膨胀冲程；（4）排气冲程。两冲程发动机内，进气冲程与排气冲程都省略了，因为进入气缸的预压混和气体将要排出的废气取代，它拥有较高动力重量比，因为每圈发动机都会产生做一次膨胀冲程，而这个优势是以一部分燃气进入气缸时随尾气排出被浪费了造成的，因此它的效率很低，用途极为有限。压燃式发动机这种发动机与点燃式发动机相似，但是在压缩冲程中，仅有空气进入并被压缩达到燃烧条件，然后气雾化了的燃油按控制的速率喷入燃烧室。A rotary engine is an internal combustion engine, but it works in a completely different way than the conventional piston engine.In a piston engine, the same volume of space (the cylinder) alternately does four different jobs - intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. A rotary engine does these same four jobs, but each one happens in its own part of the housing. Its kind of like having a dedicated cylinder for each of the four jobs, with the piston moving continually from one to the next.As the rotor moves through the housing, the three chambers created by the rotor change size. This size change produces a pumping action. Lets go through each of the four strokes of the engine looking at one face of the rotor.IntakeThe intake phase of the cycle starts when the tip of the rotor passes the intake port. At the moment when the intake port is exposed to the chamber, the volume of that chamber is close to its minimum. As the rotor moves past the intake port, the volume of the chamber expands, drawing air/fuel mixture into the chamber.When the peak of the rotor passes the intake port, that chamber is sealed off and compression begins.CompressionAs the rotor continues its motion around the housing, the volume of the chamber gets smaller and the air/fuel mixture gets compressed. By the time the face of the rotor has made it around to the spark plugs, the volume of the chamber is again close to its minimum. This is when combustion starts.CombustionMost rotary engines have two spark plugs. The combustion chamber is long, so the flame would spread too slowly if there were only one plug. When the spark plugs ignite the air/fuel mixture, pressure quickly builds, forcing the rotor to move.发动机原理及详解之二旋转式发动机作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年5月21日 The pressure of combustion forces the rotor to move in the direction that makes the chamber grow in volume. The combustion gases continue to expand, moving the rotor and creating power, until the peak of the rotor passes the exhaust port.ExhaustOnce the peak of the rotor passes the exhaust port, the high-pressure combustion gases are free to flow out the exhaust. As the rotor continues to move, the chamber starts to contract, forcing the remaining exhaust out of the port. By the time the volume of the chamber is nearing its minimum, the peak of the rotor passes the intake port and the whole cycle starts again.The neat thing about the rotary engine is that each of the three faces of the rotor is always working on one part of the cycle - in one complete revolution of the rotor, there will be three combustion strokes. But remember, the output shaft spins three times for every complete revolution of the rotor, which means that there is one combustion stroke for each revolution of the output shaft.【中文注解】旋转式发动机是一种内燃型发动机，但是它与传统的活塞式发动机完全不同。对于活塞式发动机来说，它的气缸内部空间本身承担着四个不同的工作进气、压缩、燃烧与排气。不过旋转式发动机也有这四大工作，但是这些工作是在发动机内不同的空间内进行的。旋转式发动机的转子在气缸室内转动时，转子与缸壁之间开成的气室的大小可以随着转子转动改变。气室的大小转变可以产生泵吸作用。进气当转子的边缘经过进气口始，整个做功循环的吸气环节就开始了。此时，进气口与气缸内室连通，此时这个气室的容积最小，当转子转过进气口时，气室的体积开始扩大，吸入空气燃汽混和气。当转子的最顶点转过进气口时，这个气室开始封闭，并进入压缩状态。压缩转子继续在气缸内运动，该气室的体积变小，里面的混和气体开始进行压缩，当转子的面快转到火花塞时，气室的体积再次接近最小值，这时燃烧环节就要开始。燃烧大部分旋转式发动机都有两个火花塞。如果只有一个火花塞，而燃烧室比较狭长，燃烧就会会延缓进行。事实上，火花塞一旦引燃混和气体，燃烧室内压力迅速加大，迫使转子转动。气室内压力增大，迫使转子向使气室里体积增大的方面转动。燃烧的气体继续增大，使得转子移动，并生产能量。直到转子的顶点经过排气口。排气当转子顶端通过排气口时，高压的燃气会从排气口排出。气室的体积继续减小，迫使剩余的气体排出气室。当气室的体积达到最小时，转子的顶点经过进气口，整个循环重新开始了。发动机原理及详解之三气缸排列方式作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年5月23日 The core of the engine is the cylinder, with the piston moving up and down inside the cylinder. Most cars have more than one cylinder (four, six and eight cylinders are common). In a multi-cylinder engine, the cylinders usually are arranged in one of three ways: inline, V or flat (also known as horizontally opposed or boxer), as shown in the following figures.Figure 2. Inline - The cylinders are arranged in a line in a single bank.Figure 3. V - The cylinders are arranged in two banks set at an angle to one another.Figure 4. Flat - The cylinders are arranged in two banks on opposite sides of the engine.Different configurations have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of smoothness, manufacturing cost and shape characteristics. These advantages and disadvantages make them more suitable for certain vehicles.【中文注解】发动机的核心是气缸，活塞在气缸内上下运动。大多数汽车的发动机都有一个以上的气缸（如四缸、六缸或八缸）。对于多缸发动机，它的百列方式有以下三种：直列式、V型、水平放置的，相关见上图。气缸不同的配置方式在平稳程度、制造成本与外型特征上都拥有不同的优势与劣式。这些优势与劣式都适合于不同的车型。发动机原理及详解之四主要配件介绍作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年5月26日 【编者按】 本节我们将对发动机主要部件的名称及功能进行介绍。Lets look at some key engine parts in more detail.Spark plugThe spark plug supplies the spark that ignites the air/fuel mixture so that combustion can occur. The spark must happen at just the right moment for things to work properly.ValvesThe intake and exhaust valves open at the proper time to let in air and fuel and to let out exhaust. Note that both valves are closed during compression and combustion so that the combustion chamber is sealed.PistonA piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder.Piston ringsPiston rings provide a sliding seal between the outer edge of the piston and the inner edge of the cylinder. The rings serve two purposes:They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leaking into the sump during compression and combustion. They keep oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it would be burned and lost. Most cars that burn oil and have to have a quart added every 1,000 miles are burning it because the engine is old and the rings no longer seal things properly.Connecting rodThe connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. It can rotate at both ends so that its angle can change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates.CrankshaftThe crankshaft turns the pistons up and down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does.发动机原理及详解之四主要配件介绍作者：文石 来源：盖世汽车网 发布时间：2008年5月26日 SumpThe sump surrounds the crankshaft. It contains some amount of oil, which collects in the bottom of the sump (the oil pan).【中文注解】火花塞火花塞的主要作用是点燃气缸内的混和气体。筏门进气筏与排气筏的作用就是在适当的时候打开，以便让空气及燃气流入或流出。不过在压缩及燃烧冲程过程中，这两个筏门全是关闭的。活塞这是一种圆柱状的金属部件，在气缸内上下运动。活塞环活塞环是一个滑动的密封垫，位于活塞外缘及气缸内壁之间。连接杆边接杆的作用是连接活塞与曲轴。曲轴典轴的作用是将活塞的上下运动转化为旋转运动。油底壳油底壳包围着曲轴，内含一定量机油，都储