句子结构、非谓语动词.doc

年 级高一学 科英语版 本人教实验版内容标题暑假专题句子结构、非谓语动词编稿老师王艳【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容暑假专题句子结构、非谓语动词二、知识精讲*非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，不能仅凭记住的几个条条框框就去乱套乱用。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句；具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识；要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，一些最基础最常用的动词的用法要知道；要积累扎实而丰富的动词知识。能力要求： 了解句子的分类：根据句子结构可分成三种：简单句：a. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)b. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语c. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语d. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语e. 主语+系动词+表语 The bird flew away.鸟飞走了。 We should love our country. 我们应该热爱我们的祖国。 He gave me the book. 他给了我这本书。 He painted the door red. 他把门漆成红色。 He is a teacher. 他是个教师。 He glanced at me and left. 他瞥了我一眼，就离开了。 并列句：由并列连词连接两个以上的简单句而成。如： You must work hard, or you will fail. 你必须努力，否则会失败的。 The boy works hard, and he will pass the exam. 这个男孩学习很努力，他会通过考试的。 She is rich, but she is not happy. 她很富有，但并不幸福。 It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over. 昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。 The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk. 商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。 Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得正确而且还说得很轻松。 Either you are right, or I am. 要么你对，要么我对。 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。 He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民族音乐。 复合句：由主句和从句组合而成。（从句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）如： I believe that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。 The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle. 你昨天遇到的那个人是我的叔叔。 If it rains, I will stay at home. 如果下雨，我就待在家里。*补充：并列复合句：并列句中含有从句的情况：如： Say that you are sorry, and Ill forgive you. 如果你说对不起，我就会原谅你。【典型例题】1. In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. A. but B. while C. because D. though 2. _ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.A. If B. While C. Because D. As 3. I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time. A. but B. or C. so D. for 4. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. though B. for C. but D. so 5. Mom, what did your doctor say?He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. where D. the place where6. We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever7. His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it. A. so B. and C. that D. as 8. _, I could not memorize the text.A. However hard did I tryB. However hard I triedC. However I tried hardD. However I had tried hard 9. Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be _ the Chinese football team enters the final stage of the World Cup.A. when B. for C. before D. until 10. Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. A. and B but C. or D. while 11. She said to me, “Ill tell you the result of the test _I know it.”A. because B. the moment C. so D. though12. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to. A. How B. Whatever C. No matter D. However 13. _ if we want to improve our English within the limited time, or we wont enter an ideal university. A. Practising more B. Practise more C. To practise more D. Unless you practise more14. _ many times, but he still didnt understand it. A. Having been toldB. Though he was told C. To have been told D. He was told 15. _, so he didnt come to school last week. A. Though he was ill B. Being illC. Having been ill D. He was ill 答案：BBABC BCBCC BDBDD 了解非谓语动词及其各种变化形式的基本用法：* 形式： 动词不定式的构成与形式：主动形式被动形式一般式（not）to do（not）to be done完成式（not）to have done（not）to have been done进行式（not）to be doing无 v.-ing形式的各种时态和语态： 时态语态一般式完成式主动语态(not)doing(not)having done被动语态(not)being done(not)having been done* 用法：不定式：在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。动名词：在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。现在分词和过去分词: 在句子中可作表语、定语、补足语、状语。 作主语、宾语 It is really exciting to be invited to the party. 能被邀请去参加聚会真令人兴奋。 Collecting information online is very popular today. 当今在网上收集信息很流行。 He suggested (me) starting at once. 他建议(我)立即出发。 He failed to answer the question. 他没能回答那个问题。 I think it impossible to finish the work in only two days. 我认为只用两天就把那个工作完成是不可能的。 作表语 His dream is to be a scientist. 他的梦想就是成为一名科学家。（What he most wants to do now is thank his parents.） His job is teaching. 他的工作就是教书。 The result is disappointing. 这个结果让人失望。 I am interested in his success. 我对他的成功感兴趣。 作定语 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作的最佳人选。 He bought the washing machine yesterday. 他昨天买的这台洗衣机。 The man standing at the door is our math teacher. 站在门旁边的那个人就是我们的数学老师。 the question being discussed now 正在讨论的那个问题 the question to be discussed tomorrow 明天将要讨论的那个问题 the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论过的问题作补足语 We believe him to be honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 I saw him come into the room. = He was seen to come into the room. 我看到他进了屋子。 I heard her speaking in the room. 我听到她在屋子里说话。 There is something wrong with my radio. I will have it repaired. 我的收音机出故障了。我要找人修理一下。作状语 I came here to see you. 我来这儿看看你。 He hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. 他急忙赶到车站却被告知火车已经开走了。 Having finished their homework, the students played football. （= After the students had finished their homework, they played football.）学生们做完作业后，就去踢足球。 Not knowing English, he couldnt understand the film. （= Because he did not know English , he couldnt ） 因为不懂英语，所以他看不懂这部电影。 Given another chance, they will do it much better. （= If they are given another chance, they ） 如果再给他们一次机会，他们会做得更好。注意：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。 等车的时候，一块小石头打中我的头部。错误：While waiting for a bus, a small stone hit me on the head.正确：While waiting for a bus, I was hit on the head by a small stone.正确：While I was waiting for a bus, a small stone hit me on the head.特殊情况： 独立主格结构： The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat. 那个男孩跑进教室，满脸是汗。 Weather permitting, well go swimming tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们明天就去游泳。独立成分： To make things worse, it is beginning to rain. 更糟糕的是，天开始下雨。 Judging from his accent, he is from America. 听他的口音，他是个美国人。*在解答非谓语动词的题目时，要遵循以下解题思路：解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或补足语）找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；将该选项置于设空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。【典型例题】1. _ the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.A. Read B. ReadingC. If reading D. When you read2. His room needs , so he must have it .A. painting; painted B. painted; paintingC. painting; painting D. painted; painted3. If _ _, water can be changed into gas.A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated 4. Which do you enjoy _ your holiday, going abroad or staying at home?A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend5. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday.A. being robbed B. to have been robbedC. robbed D. having been robbed6. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding7. _ a little money, Jane was able to buy her mother a lovely new watch.A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved8. David apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able9. Michael never dreamt of _ for him to be sent abroad very soon. A. being a chanceB. there to be a chanceC. theres a chanceD. there being a chance10. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A. to be heardB. to have heardC. to hearD. being heard11. Not having finished their jobs, _ to leave the company.A. the boss forbade themB. so they were forbiddenC. they were forbiddenD. and they were forbidden12. There are many old trees in our school, each _ about 100 years ago.A. dating from B. dates back to C. dated back to D. which dated from13. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for sports.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing14. As we all know, it was _ that resulted in the terrible car accident.A. because of her carelessnessB. her being carelessC. because she was careless D. she was so careless15. If the car wont start, _ it.A. and try to push B. to try pushingC. to try to pushD. try pushing答案：DADBB ADCDA CABBD【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）I. 单项填空： 1. She sold her house _ she cant help regretting it.A. orB. forC. butD. so 2. Mary, _ here and everybody else, stay where you are.A. comeB. comesC. to comeD. coming 3. _, his face went pale.A. When he heard the newsB. He heard the newsC. When hearing the newsD. Hearing the news 4. _ at a college or university in the USA, Chinese and other inter national students must have a strong ability in spoken and written English.A. Having been acceptedB. To be acceptedC. Being acceptedD. Accepted 5. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told 6. I remained _ long after I had been told the story.A. puzzlingB. puzzledC. being puzzledD. to be puzzled 7. I felt it a great honour _ to speak to you.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having asked 8. They stayed up until midnight _ the old year out and the new year in.A. and sawB. to seeC. seeingD. for seeing 9. What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to pour.A. makingB. having madeC. madeD. to make 10. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office.A. putB. to putC. puttingD. having put 11. To get an education, _.A. working hard is very importantB. working hard is neededC. one must work hardD. it is needed to work hard 12. Finding her car stolen, _.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help 13. The girl was smiling sweetly, her long hair _.A. flowed in the breezeB. was flowing in the breezeC. were flowing in the breezeD. flowing in the breeze 14. What worried the child most was _to play computer games.A. his not allowingB. his not being allowedC. his being not allowedD. having not been allowed 15. The key _, she went through her handbag carefully.A. not having been foundB. hadnt been foundC. having not been foundD. wasnt foundII. 完形填空 Two runners stand side by side at the starting line of a race. Both look very strong and fast. _1_ one runner speeds ahead and wins the race. The other falls behind. Some athletes can reach great _2_ such as the achievement of an Olympic gold medal Others never live up to their _3_. What kind of _4_ before a race or other event makes the _5_? Everyone knows that athletes work out to strengthen their _6_. But research shows that strengthening the mind may be just as _7_ Careful study indicates (表明) that the best athletes win _8_ because they think they can win. Thinking positive thoughts seems to give possibility for _9_ in sports. People who say to themselves over and over, I know I can do this, often find they have the _10_ to win. On the other hand, people often _11_ who think, I cant win. One procedure that helps many athletes is creating _12_ in the mind. They are told to think of each _13_ they must make to win. Some use pictures that are more fanciful. One skater liked to _14_ a star bursting inside her, _15_ her with energy. Another athlete who wanted to feel _16_ pictured himself as a _17_ floating in the air. Next time you want to do something well, try training your _18_ to help you. Perhaps a teacher or other instructor can help you plan your training. If you imagine yourself doing better, you may soon see _19_ in what you _20_ can do. Positive thinking and pictures created in your mind can help you win!（ ）1. A. Therefore B. And C. But D. While（ ）2. A. places B. prizes C. medals D. goals（ ）3. A. place B. promise C. name D. prize（ ）4. A. preparation B. picture C. plan D. working（ ）5. A. same B. difference C. most D. best（ ）6. A. mind B. thought C. bodies D. legs（ ）7. A. important B. interesting C. possible D. correct（ ）8. A. mostly B. almost C. partly D. nearly（ ）9. A. success B. goals C. win D. failure（ ）10. A. disadvantage B. advantage C. luck D. hope（ ）11. A. fail B. succeed C. win D. pass（ ）12. A. ideas B. pictures C. thoughts D. movements（ ）13. A. move B. step C. jump D. place（ ）14. A. think B. imagine C. hope D. wish（ ）15. A. giving B. helping C. filling D. supporting（ ）16. A. calm B. excited C. encouraged D. happy（ ）17. A. fish B. bird C. cat D. horse（ ）18. A. body B. mind C. thoughts D. imagination（ ）19. A. improvement B. advantage C. chance D. winning（ ）20. A. usually B. really C. possibly D. mostlyIII. 阅读理解A I had a great time this summer! Thats what Beijing girl Yang Yingfan said when she got back from a week of summer camp last year. Yang, a Junior 2 from Beida Resource Middle School, learned how to swim and tried making pottery for the first time. I learned a lot, and I met many new friends of my age. Some of them I miss even today, she said. Do you want to have a summer like Yangs? Its easy. Just go to summer camp! You can learn lots of things and have fun. Lots of kids all over the world are enjoying summer camps these days. They are especially popular in America. Each summer, more than 10 million American children go to different kinds of summer camps. Some camps help you to learn other languages in foreign countries. Teachers introduce you to a family in another country. You go and live with them for a while. Every day, you get to talk with them, eat with them and maybe even go to parties. While youre in another country, you can also film a documentary to tell your friends and family about your life there. And when you get back home, youll have lots of pen pals. If youre interested in history, you can go to an archaeology(考古学) camp. There, archaeologists will teach you how to carefully dig old things out of the ground. Then, in a laboratory, youll find out how old they are. If you like outdoor sports, then go to an adventure camp! Kids do many different things at adventure camps. Canoeing is just one of them. This kind of camp is a good way to enjoy the outdoors. And doing so many things with others is a great way to make friends. If you need a rest, you can go fishing. Of course, summer camps arent all about adventure or study. At some camps, kids do community service. Campers clean up their cities or spend time with old or sick people. Summer campers get to meet people from different places and learn how to work with others. They also help kids to get stronger. So if you want to have fun this summer, why not try going to camp?（ ）1. How many kinds of camp are introduced in the text? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.（ ）2. An archaeology camp can help you _.A. to learn other languages in foreign countries B. to learn how to make potteryC. to know what happened in the past D. to get stronger（ ）3. In _ you will be able to exercise your minds as well as your bodies. A. a language camp B. an archaeology camp C. an adventure camp D. a zoo camp（ ）4. What may campers NOT do at the camps? A. Learning to do many things with others. B. Enjoying outdoor sports.C. Meeting people from different places. D. Studying the textbooks in the classroom.（ ）5. From the text we know that Yang Yingfan _. A. took part in a language camp last year B. got on well with her new friends at the camp C. made a lot of friends in the camp who came from Beijing D. learned to help old or sick people at the campB A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the co