英语数词用法归纳.doc

英语数词用法归纳一、定义与分类数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。二、基数词1. 英语中没有“万”这个读数单位，要表示汉语中的“万”，英语需借用thousand一词，如“一万”用“十个千”表示(ten thousand)，“十万”用“一百个千”表示(one hundred thousand)。2. 用作基数词单位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 通常不带复数词尾-s，但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指，则用复数。如：About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。3. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如：He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头(from )。This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。三、序数词1. 许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成的，如four / fourth，six / sixth，ten / tenth，sixteen / sixteenth，但是nine变为序数词是ninth，而不是nineth。2. twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序数词，由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie，再加-th 构成。3. first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”：4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。4. 非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可：twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第99)，three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。5. hundred, thousand, million 等序数词形式为 hundredth, thousandth, millionth 等。6. 序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。如：My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如：Well have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次(from )。序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于：定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，有类似another的意思，但比another 的意思更明确。英语数词的句法功能一、用作主语The second is yours. 第二个是你的。Its said that 13 is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。二、用作表语Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。Two thirds of the apples were bad. 三分之二的苹果是坏的。三、用作宾语I know three of them. 他们当中有三个有我认识。Please give me the third. 请给我第三个。四、用作定语He has three English dictionaries. 他有三本英语词典。The second one is more expensive. 第二个更贵。The rope is only 2.15 meters long. 这根绳子只有2.15米长。五、用作同位语Are you two reading? 你们两人都在看书吗？ Let us four finish the work. 让我们四个人完成这工作吧。Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个是准？六、用作状语I hate riding two on a bike. 我不喜欢骑自行带人。Think first, then act. 先想清楚再行动。We agree with you a hundred percent. 我们百分之百同意你。数词的主要用法 一、表示日期1949年1949读作nineteen forty-nine6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred二、表示钟点半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to。08:00 eight oclock或eight09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine02:30 two thirty或half past/after two05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six14:15 fourteen fifteen=2.15 p. m.23:05 twenty-three oh five24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight三、表示编号1. 单纯的编号，可在基数词前加number，简写为No.。如No.2第二。2. 序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况(from )：(A)小序号可用“the +序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。如第一次课可以说the First Lesson或Lesson One。(B)大序号通常只用“名词+数词”。如808号房间Room 808；168路公共汽车Bus No.168；南京路1490号1490 Nanjing Road；电话号码83545601(用基数词逐个念，0念字母O)。 I用“a/the + number+基数词+名词”。如a No.3 bus一辆三路公共汽车，the No.3 bus那辆三路公共汽车。四、表示倍数1. 倍数+as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as。如：This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。2. 倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：OThis bridge is three times longer than that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。3. 倍数+ the size/length/weight+of+表示比较对象的名词。如：This bridge is three times the length of that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。4. 倍数+what引导的从句。如：The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。英语数词学习要点 1. 数词的种类数词有基序数和序数词两类。基数词表示数量的大小，如one, two, three, four等。序数词表示序数，如first, second, third, fourth等。数词与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称作限定词。2. 基数词变为序数词的规则(1)第1至第19一般是在基数词后加th，但变化特殊的有onefirst, twosecond, threethird, eighteighth, nineninth, fivefifth, twelvetwelfth。(2)逢十的twenty, thirtyninety，分别改y为ieth。如twentytwentieth, ninetyninetieth。(3)表示第几十几或第几百几十几，只需将个位数改为序数词。如56fifty-sixfifty-sixth，635six hundred and thirty-fivesix hundred and thirty-fifth(from )。3. 基数词的读写方法(1)三位数的读写法：个位与十位之间用连字符“-”；百位与十位之间加and；十位为零时也要加and。如：365读作three hundred and six-five605读作six hundred and five(2)大于三位数的读写法：从个位起每三位打一个撇号“”，第一个撇号读thousand，第二个撇号读million，各撇号之间的数按三位及三位以下的数的读法读。如：23, 589读作twenty-three thousand five hundred and eighty-nine6, 632, 900读作six million six hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred28, 000, 000读作twenty-eight million(from )4. 序数词与冠词(1)序数词前一般要加定冠词the。如：Its the third time Ive been here.这是我第三次到这里来。(2)表示在原有的基础上增加，即“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词。如：Shall I ask her a third time? 我还要问她一次吗?(3)下列4种情况不用冠词。1. 序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时，不能再用冠词。如：This is Toms second visit to China.她是汤姆第二次访问中国。2. 表示比赛或考试的名词时，通常省略定冠词。如：He was (the) second in the English exam.在这次英语考试中他得了第二名。3. 序数词被用作副词时不用冠词。I have to finish my homework first.我得先把作业完成好。4. 在某些习语中不用冠词。如at first起初, first of all首先, at first sight乍一看。5. 数词的语法功能(from )(1)作主语：The second was better.第二个好些。(2)作表语：She was second in her class.她在班上是第二名。(3)作宾语：I was among the first to arrive.我是第一批到的。(4)作定语：There are fifty states in the US.美国有五十个话别州。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89326.html用数词表示约数的五类方法一、表示笼统数目的方法可用 tens of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等表示。如：Ive been there dozens of times. 我去那儿去过几十次了。Thousands of people were gathered at the airport. 数千人聚集在机场。There were hundreds of people on the beach. 海滩上有成千上万的人。Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory. 数以万百计的美金被投入修建这座工厂。二、表示“少于”“接近”的方法可用 less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to 等来表示少于或接近某个数目。如：It cost me less than 10 pounds. 我买它没花上10英镑。Theres nothing below 5 dollars. 没有一样东西价钱在5美元以下。Almost Nearly all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。三、表示“多于”“超过”的方法可用 more than, beyond, or more, over, above 等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如：He was away for more than a month. 他离开了一个多月。There are ten chairs or more in the room. 房间里有十多把椅子。The temperature is two degrees above zero. 温度是零上2度。You have to be over 18 to see this film. 超过18岁的人才能看这部电影。四、表示“大约”“左右”的方法可用 or, or so, about, around, some, more or less 等表示。如：They arrived around round 5 oclock. 他们是大约5 点钟到的。Its an hours journey, more or less. 大约有一个钟头的路程。Take this medicine. Youll feel better in an hour or so. 把药吃了，过一个多小时你会感觉好些的。五、“一两个”的表法方法英语中要表示“一两个”，有两种常用表达，一是“a+名词+or two”，二是“one or two+名词”，注意两者不可混用(尤其注意不能将 a 与 one 用混)。如：After a minute or two we saw him. 一两分钟后我们看见他了。May I borrow the book for a day or two? 这本书我可以借一两天吗? I would like to use the computer for an hour or two. 我想用一两个小时的电脑。I want to put you right on one or two matters. 我想给你纠正一两个错误。There is one or two things Id like to know about. 有一两件事我很想知道。dozen用法的方方面面 有这样一道题，涉及dozen用法的多个方面，你做得对吗？We already have _ pencils, but we need two _ pens.A. dozen of, dozen B. dozens of, dozens C. dozens of, dozen D. dozens of, dozen of【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：(1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of为错误选项：Shortly after the accident, _ police were sent to the spot to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen D(2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词 of，此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：Ive been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。Shes got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。 (3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词 of不能省略。如：several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔(from )注：英语较少使用many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。(4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如：two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的3打注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89323.htmldozen,score,hundred,thousand,million用法要点 这些词的用法极为相似，需注意的用法有：1. 当这些词与具体数字连用时，通常不加复数词尾-s, 也不后接介词 of。如：I want three score eggs. 我要60只鸡蛋。He is a man of three score years. 他六十岁。Two hundred (thousand) students went there. 有两百(千)学生去了那儿。About three million workers were on strike. 参加罢工的大约有三百万工人。注：有人认为 score, dozen 之后有时也接 of, 但惯用法认为省略 of 则常见。另外，当 million 用作中心词(即其后不接名词或数词)时，有时也可带复数词尾-s。如：The population of New Zealand is now three million(s). 新西兰现有人口三百万。2. 当这些词不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s, 而且要后接介词 of, 然后才能接名词。如：Ive read it dozens (scores) of times. 我读过它几十次。Thousands of students entered the contest. 数千名学生参加了这次比赛。Millions of people died in the war. 有数百万人在这次战争中丧生。注：若不出现名词，则不用介词 of。如：Millions (of people) are homeless. 千千万万的人无家可归。3. 当这些词与 a few, several, many 等数目不很具体的词连用时，带不带复数词尾 -s 均可，但是注意：若不带复数词 -s, 其后的介词 of 可以省略；若带复数词尾-s, 则其后介词 of 不能省略。如：在那儿我见到了数百外宾。正：There I saw several hundred(s) of foreign guests. 正：There I saw several hundred foreign guests. 注意 some hundred persons 与 some hundreds of persons 含义不同：前者指“大约一百人”，其中 someabout a；后者指“几百人”。4. 当这些词后面的名词有了 the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是 us, them 这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如：two dozen of them 它们中的两打three scores of these eggs 这些鸡蛋中的三打 five hundred of the workers 这些工人中的五百人 5. 注意以下与介词 by 连用的例子(from )：The eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打出售。The ants arrived at the picnic by the hundred(s). 成群的蚂蚁来到野餐的地方。They were sold by the thousand(s). 它们被大批大批地(论千地)出售。比较：Pack them in dozens. 把它们成打地包起来(即每12个一包)。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89321_2.html数词可与coffee连用吗 数词可与coffee连用吗？数词可与tea连用吗？请看题：“May I take your order now?” “Wed like three black _ and two green _.”A. coffee, cups of teas B. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, tea D. cup of coffees, teas【陷阱】误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。【分析】选B。有的同学认为 coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样，“三杯茶”既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可说成 three glasses of beer，也可说成 three beers。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89322.html含有数字one的英语成语one by one 一个个地He went through the items on a list one by one. 他逐个处理单子上的项目。Students went out of the classroom one by one as soon as the bell rang. 下课铃一响，学生们一个个从教室里走出来。 in one 合为一体Hes President, Treasurer and Secretary in one. 他身兼会长、司库和秘书三职。Its a book of English phonetics，grammar and usage in one. 这是一本英语语音、语法和习惯用语结合为一体的书。 one too many 多余的，不需要的I found myself one too many among them. 我发现自己在他们当中是个多余的人。 one in a thousand 优秀的人（或事物）My brother is a one in a thousand. 我的兄弟是位优秀人物。 不能连词数字的几种常见情况 far 用作形容词，表示“遥远的”，通常不与具体数字连用。如：车站离我家5英里。误：The station is five miles far (away) from my home.正：The station is five miles distant from my home.正：The station is five miles away from my home.析：far 通常不可以与数字连用，此时需用 distant。both 一般不与数词 two 连用，以免语义重复。如：这两个男孩子都很聪明。误：Both the two boys are clever.正：Both the boys are clever.正：The two boys are clever.clothes(衣服)虽然是一个没有单数形式的复数名词，但它却 不能与直接与数词连用。她为我买了两套衣服。误：She bought me two clothes.正：She bought me two suits of clothes.goods(货物)是一个没有单数形式的复数名词，但是却不能直接用数词修饰，要表示“货物”的件数，通常借助 piece。如：他发现有两件货被偷了。误：He found two goods had been stolen.正：He found two pieces of goods had been stolen.troops 侧重指构成军队的士兵成员，但并不指个别士兵，因此它一般不与数字(尤其是较小的数字)连用。比如：“两个士兵”一般不说 two troops, 可说 two soldiers。不过 troops 有时可与较大的数词连用。如可说(from )：a hundred troops 一百个士兵Forty-four troops were killed. 44名士兵阵亡。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89320.html含有数字three的英语成语 by twos and threes 三三两两We went to the station by twos and threes. 我们三三两两地走向车站。 三三两两 in twos and threesThey arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来了。 three-bottle man 大酒徒His grandfather is a three-bottle man. 他外公是个大酒徒。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89317.html含有数字two的英语成语 two-way 双向的We need a two-way switch. 我们需要一个双路开关。He invented a two-way recorder. 他发明了两用收录机。 in twos 两个两个地The children walked in twos with one teacher in front and one behind. 孩子们排成两行走，前后各有一位老师。in twos and threes 三三两两地Applications for the job are coming in slowly in twos and threes. 申请这份工作的信件三三两两来得很慢。in two twos 立刻；一转眼My pen was lost in two twos. 我的钢笔一转眼就不见了。 put two and two together 根据所见、所闻等推测出真相He is rather inclined to put two and two together and make five. 他一推测就出圈儿。They came to the conclusion that he hadnt run out of their city, putting two and two together. 根据事实推断，他们得出这样的结论，他还没有跑出这座城市。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89318.html数字习语：at sixes and sevens at sixes and sevens 为习语，意为：乱七八糟，七上八下，杂乱无章，一片混乱。如：The boy made the room at sixes and sevens. 这男孩把房间弄得乱七八糟的。 I havent had time to arrange everything so Im all at sixes and sevens. 我没来得及把每件事都安排好，因此心里七上八下的。They held a party last night and everything was at sixes and sevens when the guests left. 昨晚他们开了一个家庭聚会。当客人散尽之后，一切物品都挪了位置。 After the captain of the team broke his leg, the other players were at sixes and sevens. 球队队长摔断了腿，其他队员陷入了一片混乱。 The members couldnt come to an agreement. They were at sixes and sevens. 委员们不能达成一致意见，他们各持己见。 含有数字four的英语成语 four square 直率的；坦白的The girl is four square. 这女孩很直率。 on all fours 爬着The baby was crawling about on all fours. 婴儿那时正在满处爬。four-lettered words 下流话These books are full of four-lettered words. 这些书里脏话连篇。 in fours 每组四个Group together in fours! 每四人一组! Students are standing in a line，in fours. 学生们每组四人排成队。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89316.html基数词及序数词重要用法 1. 基数词的用法基数词用于表示事物的数量，在表示基数词时，要特别注意hundred, thousand, million, billion等几个词的用法：若其前用了基数词，则不论其面是否有of，都必须用单数形式(此时若带of则通常表示特定范围中的一部分)；若泛指数百、数千、数百万等，则用 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等这样的结构。如：Two hundred of the students are needed to plant trees this morning. 今天中午需要200个学生去植树。Hundreds of people attended the famous directors farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。Thousands upon thousands of English words come from foreign tongues. 成千上万英语单词来自外来语。2. 基数词的复数用法逢整“十”的基数词的复数形式可用于表示某人的大约年岁和世纪中的年代。如：The war broke out in the nineties. 这次战争爆发于90年代。Karl Mark began to learn the Russian language in his fiftieth. 马克思五十多岁开始学俄语。3. 序数词的用法 序数词用于表示事物的顺序，一般由与之相应的基数词加th构成(但有特殊形式需特别记忆)；序数词主要用作定语，前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词)。如：Their second son is a doctor. 他们的二儿子是个博士。The hundredth cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. 乔治一生中找到的第一百个山洞在阿尔卑斯山附近。注：序数词前有时可用不定冠词，表示“每一，又一”。如：Well have to do it a second time. 我们将再做一遍。 “数词+more”与“another+数词” 2007年的安徽高考英语有这样一道题：The schools music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and two _ on the weekend. A. more B. other C. else D. another此题答案选A。two more的意思是“另外两场”。more用于数词后，表示数量的增加，即表示在原有基础上又增加了若干数量。注意不要选D，因为another与数词搭配时，总是要放在数词之前。下面我们来看看这两个结构的用法：一、“数词+more”的用法Three more of the missing climbers have been found. 失踪的登山者又找到了3个。How many more stamps do you want?Four more please. 你还要多少张邮票?请再给4张。If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. 如果他多得六票，现在就是我们的主席了。二、“another+数词”的用法I shall stay another five months. 我将再待五个月。They drove for another three hours. 他们又行驶了3个小时。The strike may last another six weeks. 罢工可能还要持续六个礼拜。China picked up another ten gold medals. 中国又获得了10枚金牌。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。三、两点用法说明1. 当其中的数词为one时，我们可以说one more，但一般不用another one。如：He decided to have one more try. 他决定再试一次 (自)。Surely you can put it off one more week. 肯定你可以把它再推迟一个礼拜。I was wondering if I must ask you one more question. 我不知道我是不是还需要再向你提一个问题。在意义上该用another one的地方，英语通常只用another。如：Shes going to have another baby. 她又快有孩子了。Its cold I need another blanket. 太冷了我再要一条毯子。不过，如果其中的one不是数词，而是代词，则可以用another one。如：This pen doesnt work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了。我该另买一支了。Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了，它给另一辆车撞了。If you children closed up a bit thered be room for another one on this seat. 你们几个孩子要是挤一挤，这座位上还能加一个人。即使其中的one不是数词而是代词，英语也通常省略another one中的one。如：I didnt like the red skirt, so I asked to see another (one). 我不喜欢那条红裙子，所以我要求看另外一条。2. 当其中的数词为few时，英语可以说another few。如：Im staying for another few weeks. 我还要再呆几个星期。I need another few days before l can make up my mind. 我还需几天才能决定。对于more而言，英语通常的搭配是a few more。如：I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。Wet weather may continue for a few more days. 多雨的天气可能还要持续好几天。有关数词用法的几个易错点 “一两天”之类的表达“一两天”可说a day or two或one or two days。但不能说成 one day or two或a or two days。类似的有：a year or two / one or two years 一两年 / a month or two / one or two months。“一个半”之类的表达表示“一个半”可用aand a half或one and a half 如：We waited for an hour and a half. / We waited for one and a half hours. 我们等了一个半小时。“每隔几”的表达法如“每隔一天”的说法有every two days, every second day, every other day，“每隔3天”的说法有every three days或every third day。“另外几”的表达法如“另加2个星期”可说another / a further two weeks或two other / more weeks。分数及百分数的用法 1. 分数词的用法英语分数词由基数词和序数词组成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于“1”，则分母要用复数。如：Three quarters of the students have passed the exam. 四分之三的学生考试及格了。The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. 如果世贸组织不能容纳占世界人口五分之一的国家，那它就算不上世界贸易组织了