近几年高考试题侧重对动词各种用法.doc

近几年高考试题侧重对动词各种用法的考查，其中又以考查动词时态为重中之重。为了帮助同学们备考，以近几年高考题为例，对高考常考的时态的概念及考点进行分析归纳。 一、对一般现在时的考查1）考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对同学们进行干扰。如：1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storm. （2005年辽宁卷）A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called（划线的为答案，以下同）2. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. （2004年上海春季卷）A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left2）考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句，在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：3. What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. （2005年全国卷）A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。如：4. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. （2005年上海卷）A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent三、对现在进行时的考查现在进行时由“be+现在分词”，被动结构为“amisare+being+过去分词”构成。如：5. Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbours _ for a party. （2004年北京卷）A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare注表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词have, hear, see, like, contain, belong to, have on, understand, know 等一般不用进行时。进行时与always, often, forever, constantly等连用，表示一种感情（如赞扬、厌烦等）。现在进行时与一般现在时的区别是：前者表示动作的暂时性而后者表示动作的长期性。四、对过去进行时的考查1）把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。6. You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited2）把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。7. Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （2004年全国卷）A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done3）考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。8. Shirely _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing五、对现在完成时的考查1）现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成，而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。9. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.（2005年湖北卷）A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide10. Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005年重庆卷）A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 2）现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并有可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。如：11. The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. （2004年全国卷）A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleanedD. hasnt been cleaned注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I havent met him for two years.3）考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。如：12. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; putC. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put六、对现在完成进行时的考查现在完成进行时是由“have / has been+现在分词”构成，表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。它与现在完成时的区别如下：1）现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或仍在继续。如：I have written an article. （已完成）I have been writing an article. （还在写）2）有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。如：I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.另外注意的是：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。13. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （2004年北京卷）A. had considered B. has been consideringC. considered D. is going to consider七、对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，常用此时态。如：14. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite过去完成时的常见考点有：1）把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。如：15. When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. （2005年湖北卷）A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid2） 把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或by the time + 从句的句子里考查。如：16. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. （2003年上海春）A. would be completed B. was being completedC. hasnt been completed D. had been completed 3）把过去完成时放在scarcely （hardly）when和no soonerthan结构中考查。17. He_ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got 4）把过去完成时放在主句是过去式的宾语从句中考查。如：18. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh! I thought they _ without me. （2005年江西卷）A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone5）表愿望的动词think, hope, want, mean 等动词用过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的打算或意图。如：19. Tom _ of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.A. has thought B. thought C. had thought D. had been thought 6）把过去完成时放在某些固定句式中考查。如：“It was + 时间段 + since引导的从句”和“It was the first time + 从句”等.20. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I_ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoyed八、对将来时态的考查一般将来时的谓语动词形式有be going to+动词原形；will / shall+ 动词原形； be to + 动词原形所在的句中一般有时间状语；但be about to do不可与段时间状语连用。常见考点如下：1）把将来时放在祈使句中考查。由于祈使句具有假设条件意义，后一分句在这一条件下要产生的结果，所以要用将来时。如：21. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. （2004年全国卷）A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reachD. never reached2）某些移动性动词或趋向动词如leave, start, go ,arrive, come, stay，finish等用进行时可表示将来意义。如：22. Are you still busy?Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. （2005年浙江卷）A. just finish B. am just finishingC. have just finished D. am just going to finish3）考查“be going to+动词原形”与“will + 动词原形”的区别：前者表示已经决定或安排要做的事，而后者表示“临时决定