基础中医英语复习要点 (2).doc

基础中医英语复习要点Unit One A History of TCM I Vocabularyailment失调therapeutic治疗的 pharmacological药理的arthritis关节炎manipulation手法inflammatory发炎的anesthesis麻醉prescription处方debilitate虚弱 appendicitis阑尾炎stagnation停滞 treatise论著revival复兴formula配方well-deserved当之无愧的 Canon of Medicine内经Huangdis Canon of Medicine黄帝内经Compendium of Materia Medica 本草纲目Treatise on Cold-Induced and Miscellaneous Disease伤寒杂病论II Terms clinical practice临床经验press on the affected area挤压病变部位oral record口头记载 Archaeological excavation考古挖掘trail and error反复试验acupuncture and moxibustion针灸dietary therapy食疗pharmacological effect 药理作用cold damp ailments 寒湿病form the foundation for形成.的基础herbal anesthesia草药麻醉advance in medicine 中医的进步maintain wellness 保健western-trained physician西医court physician御医integration of TCM and western medicine 中西医结合abdominal pain 腹痛attach importance to 重视take hold 生根immune system 免疫系统basic survival 基本生存III Key Sentences1. 在丝绢上的有关医药的记载阐释了早期的中医药历史。 The medical texts written on silk shed light on the early history of TCM. 2. 为了向大众传播针灸知识，葛洪写了肘后备急方）。 Ge Hong wrote A Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies in order to spread the knowledge of acupuncture and moxibustion to the masses. 3.内经记载，寒病需要热药来治，热病需要寒药来医，这个原则在临床中沿用至今。 Canon of Medicine states that cold diseases should be treated with hot herbs, and hot diseases should be treated with cold herbs. This principle is still followed in clinical practice. 4.针灸资生经是宋代最重要的医学著作之一，书中王执中融入了民间医生的行医经验。One of the important books in the Song dynasty was Classic of Nourishing Life with Acupuncture and Moxibustion, in which Wang Zhizhong incorporated the clinical experiences of the practitioners of folk medicine.5. 在中国许多受西医教育的医生和科学家开始进行针刺，艾灸，中草药的研究，中西医两个系统逐步融合开始。 Many western-trained physicians and scientist in China started to conduct research on acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine, and a gradual integration of the two systems began. 6. Through trial and error, a primitive form of herbal medicine and dietary therapy was taking shape in China. 通过反复的试验，原始形式的草药和食疗理论在中国逐渐形成。Unit Two Yin and YangI Vocabularyholistic整体的constant常数analogy推论respiration 呼吸dialectic辩证法engender造成inhalation 吸气interplay相互影响anatomy解剖exhalation呼气exteriority外部practitioner从业人员vulnerable脆弱的transition过度assertiveness决断innate先天的conversely 相反indispensable必需的excess 过量，实证diffuse 散开的differentiate区别II Termstheory of yin and yang阴阳学说alternation of yin and yang 阴阳交替yang within yang 阳中之阳lower part of the body 身体下部yin within yang 阳中之阴extreme yin will engender yang重阴必阳yin within in 阴中之阴disease progression 疾病发展过程Yang within yin阴中之阳superficial aspect of the body 体表metabolic activity 代谢活动opposition of yin and yang 阴阳对立upper body 身体上部holistic approach to health and well-being 用整体的观念看待健康III Key Sentences1. Chinese medical theory, though scientific in its own right, is built on a foundation of ancient philosophical thought. 中医理论是一种建立在古代哲学思想的基础之上科学理论。2. Yin and yang are quite similar to the notion of dialectics as expressed in western philosophy. 阴阳与西方哲学中辩证法的概念十分相似。3. It is important to remember that yin and yang are not static concept and that they are constantly influencing and determining one another. 阴阳不是一成不变的，而是不断地相互影响、相互转化，记住这一点尤为重要。4. Not only do yin and yang balance each other, but they mutually generate one another. 阴阳平衡，相互资生。5. 阴阳理论是中医理论系统的重要组成部分，并贯穿于该系统的各个方面。 The theory of yin and yang is an important constituent of the theoretical system of TCM, and runs through every aspect of the system. 6. 阴阳是对立的，但同时又是相互依存的。缺少任何一方，另一方都不能独立存在。换言之，无阴则阳无以生，反之亦然。 Yin and yang are opposed to and yet, at the same time, depend on each other. Neither can exist in isolation without the opposites existence. In other words, without yin there would be no yang, and vice versa. 7. 具有特征： be associated with such qualities as./manifests such qualities as./be characterized by.Unit Three The Five ElementsI Vocabularypathology病理学rot腐烂palpitation心悸semiology病症学ripen成熟insomnia失眠etiology病因学impair损伤asthma哮喘physiology生理学excretion排泄induce引起pharmacology药理学secretion 排泄、分泌ensue继起pathogenesis 病机nausea恶心replenish补充insult侮phlegm痰govern/rule主generate生control克over-act on乘II Termsthe five elements/phases五行The lungs send qi downward肺主降气The generating sequence相生顺序The liver spread qi upward肝主生气The controlling sequence相克顺序Heart fire dry up the lung fluids心火消灼津液The over-acting sequence相乘顺序Kidney yin deficiency肾阴虚the liver stores blood 肝藏血The spleen function of transformation and transportation 脾的运化功能Transform body fluids输布津液The heart over-acts on the lungs. 心乘肺Lack of assertion谋虑不决The liver is the mother of the heart. 肝为心之母Heart fire心火The heart control the kidneys.心克肾Poor memory 健忘The liver insults the lungs. 肝侮肺III Key Sentences1. It is only when the controlling function gets out of hand that the liver can actually interfere with and impair the stomach and spleen functions. 克制太过，则肝可犯脾胃，导致脾胃功能失调。2. The generating sequence can also give rise to pathological conditions when it is out of balance. 五脏相生失衡也可导致疾病的发生。3. 五行运动规律主要表现为：相生、相克、相乘、相侮以及母和子之间的相互作用。 The movement of the five elements mainly manifests in the following way: generating, controlling, over-acting, insulting, and mutual interaction between mother and son.Unit Four Visceral StateI Vocabularyessence精transmute使变化post-natal后天的intestine肠extract提取dynamic生机勃勃的pore毛孔nutritive有营养的maturation成熟ephemeral短暂的sufficient充分的differentiation区别II TermsFundamental texture基本结构The heart stores the spirit. 心藏神Little sprit 狭义之神The foundation of post-natal existence后天之本big composite spirit广义之神The heart rules the blood and blood vessel. 心主血脉The lungs are the upper origin of water.肺为水之上源The lungs move and adjust the water.肺主行水调畅水道Five yin organs五脏The spleen governs the blood. 脾统血Six yang organ 六腑The spleen rules transformation and transportation. 脾主运化Pure nutritive essence水谷精微 The spleen rules the raising of the pure. 脾主升清Temper and soften the qi调畅气机The kidneys are the root of life.肾为生命之本The lungs rule qi. 肺主气The kidneys store the essence.肾藏精Life gate fire 命门之火The kidneys rule the grasping of qi. 肾主纳气The liver store the blood.肝藏血Qi commands the blood.气为血帅Tender organ 娇脏The liver rules flowing and spreading.肝主条达The kidneys rule water.肾主水Visceral state藏象III Key Sentences1. The function of the yin organs is to produce, transform, regulate, and store the fundamental texturesqi, blood, essence, spirit, and fluids. 五脏的主要生理功能是生化和储藏基本物质气、血、精、神和津液。2. The kidneys store the essence and rule birth, development, and maturation. 肾藏精，主生长、发育和成熟。Unit Five Qi, Blood and Body FluidsI Vocabularystagnate停滞impede妨碍metabolism新陈代谢stasis血行停滞impairment损伤suffuse充满secrete分泌excrete 排泄dispersal散布II TermsThe essence of food and drink水谷精微Qi is the commander of blood. 气为血帅Qi/blood deficiency气/血虚Blood stasis due to qi deficiency 气虚血瘀Abdominal distention腹痛Qi stagnation leading to blood stasis气滞血瘀Herbs for activating blood circulation活血药Ascending, descending, exiting and entering of qi气的升降出入Pectoral qi 宗气Qi fails to consolidate blood. 气不摄血Nutritive qi 营气Qi not moving water气不行水Defensive qi 卫气Water stopping causing qi blockage水停气滞Genuine qi 真气deficiency of both qi and fluids气津两虚Qi of the zang-fu organs脏腑之气Herbs for invigorating qi补气药Herbs to move qi 行气药Replenish qi to prevent collapse补气防脱Metabolism of fluids 津液代谢Solid organs and hollow organs脏腑Triple energizer 三焦Spiritual pivot 灵枢III Key Sentences1. 气、血、津液的性状及其功能各有特点，但三者均是构成人体和维持人体生命活动的最基本物质。 Despite their differences in nature, form and function, qi, blood, and body fluids are all the fundamental substances to make up the human body and keep the vital activities of the body. 2. 从摄入饮食物转化成水谷精微，从水谷精微转化为营气、津液，从营气、津液转化为血液，无不依赖气的各种作用。 The conversion of food to food essence, then to nutritive qi and body fluids and finally to blood, all depend on the changes of qi movements. 3. 津液的生成、输布和排泄是一个复杂的过程，需要许多脏腑的参与和协调才能完成。 The formation, distribution and excretion of body fluids are a complicated process which needs the coordinated work of several zang-fu organs. 4. Qi and blood are closely related. Qi is the commander of blood and blood is the mother of qi. 气血紧密相关。气为血之帅，血为气之母。Unit Six The Channels and CollateralsI Vocabularychannel/meridian经脉divergent分支的facilitate帮助、促进collateral络脉cutaneous皮部的ulceration溃疡acupuncture针刺superficial表面的congestion充血acupoint穴位symmetry对称psoriasis银屑病medial内侧的lateral外侧的II TermsChannel theory 经络学说Three yin channels of the hand 手三阴经12 regular channels十二正经Three yang channels of the hand 手三阳经8 extraordinary channels 奇经八脉Three yin channels of the foot足三阴经15 collaterals 十五络脉Three yang channels of the foot 足三阳经12 divergent channels十二经别Circulating course循行线路12 muscle regions十二经筋Coursing and connecting law循行方向和交接规律12 cutaneous regions十二皮部Five sense organs五官Superficial collaterals浮络Fine collaterals孙络III Key Sentences1. The body system is composed of 12 regular channels, 8 extraordinary channels, 15 collaterals, 12 divergent channels, 12 muscle regions and 12 cutaneous regions. 人体的经络系统由十二正经、奇经八脉、十五络脉、十二经别、十二经筋、十二皮部组成。2. The solid organs are considered to be yin organs, whereas the hollow organs are yang. 脏为阴而腑为阳。3. The 12 regular channels are distributed symmetrically on the left and right sides of the body and run along their fixed courses. 二正经沿人体的左右两侧对称分布并按照一定的路径循行。4. Occasionally, disorders of the internal organs may give rise to reactionary signs on the channels and collaterals, face and five sense organs. 有时，内脏的疾病可由经络、头面或五官显现出来。5. 经络理论是研究经络系统的生理功能和病理变化以及和脏腑之间关系的理论。 The channel theory concentrates on the study of physiological functions and pathological changes of channels and collaterals as well as their relationship with the zang-fu organs. 6. 经络沟通人体脏腑肢节，联结上下内外。 The channels and collateral connect the zang-fu organs with limbs and joints, link the upper part of the body with the lower part of the body and associate the interior with the exterior. Unit Seven An Overview of TCM EtiologyI Vocabularyetiology病因学wind风joy喜pathogenesis致病原因cold寒anger怒exogenous外部的Summer-heat暑melancholy忧endogenous内部的dampness湿worry思predominant卓越的dryness燥grief悲vertigo 眩晕fire火fear恐spasm痉挛suffocate窒息fright惊restlessness烦躁不安malnutrition营养不良II TermsSix exogenous factors外感六淫Wind-phlegm obstructing the channels风痰阻络Seven emotions七情内伤Wind pathogens风邪overstrain过劳Overindulgence in particular foods饮食偏嗜Lack of physical exercise过逸Increased inta