第八节：非谓语动词教案.doc

第八节:非谓语动词教案顾名思义就是在句子中充当谓语外的其他成分，探究其本质可以发现：非谓语动词充当主语、宾语、宾补、表语，其目的就是实现动词的名词化表达。非谓语动词充当定语，其目的就是代替其修饰限定作用的定语从句。非谓语动词充当状语，其目的就是将两个具有共同主语的句子写成一个句子。总结：非谓语动词的产生就是追求英语简洁的效果，所以英语里有较多的长难句。三大非谓语动词： 作主宾补作表语作定语作状语To v动作表示临时性、具体性、将来性。主语表条件，表语表结果做大定语表示目的和结果v-ing动作表示经常习惯性、计划性情绪-ing只修饰物做小定语逻辑主语必须和主句一致，表示伴随、方式、原因、时间，表示主动v-ed动作表被动、完成，作表语表示状态情绪-ed 只修饰人作小定语逻辑主语必须和主句一致，表示伴随、方式、原因、时间，表示被动考点一：非谓语作表语： ing 使感兴趣 有趣的 物作主语Interest ed 被激发兴趣的 对感兴趣的 人作主语其它作表语的非谓语动词： 1.amazing/amazed 惊奇的/对感到惊奇 2.exciting/ excited 有趣的/对感到有趣 3.boring/ bored 厌烦的/对感到厌烦4.annoying/ annoyed 恼怒的/对感到恼怒5.pleasing/ pleased 高兴的/对感到高兴6.tiring/ tired 疲倦的/对感到疲倦7.surprising/ surprised 惊讶的/对感到惊讶8.worrying/ worried 担心的/对感到担心9.satisfying/ satisfied 满意的/对感到满意10.amusing/ amused 愉悦的/对感到愉悦 考点二：非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语的由来：(传统语法上说的：分词作状语，逻辑主语必须一致,)举例：He reads carefully.He forgets the time for lunch.由于两个句子主语相同，把这两个句子连接成一个句子：Because he is reading carefully,he forgets the time.为了简洁，英语出现了省略主语的情况，于是就变成：Reading carefully，He forgets the time for lunch.举例：We are faced with difficulties.We must try to overcome them.合并时，把两个相同的主语去掉一个，然后动词作如：Be -being do-doing(表主动) do -done（表被动）此句子合并后：Faced with difficulties，We must try to overcome them.练习一下：In the sunshine stands a flower. It grows vigoriously.I am a teacher. I give classes.考点三：非谓语动词作宾语1.只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费，忙着想象，忍不住想要完成练习。错过建议，保持介意，值得考虑。解释：喜欢花费，忙着想象，忍不住想要结束练习。enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth. 花费做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事错过建议，保持介意，值得考虑。miss doing sth. 错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事注意：此to 非彼to：look forward to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing （做贡献）2.只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事解释：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事decide to do sth. 决定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事接不定式作宾语补主语的动词口诀：请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助解释：请求与命令：ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事想要邀请期待鼓励与建议：want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助：promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事省略to的情况: 使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see, watch, noticehad better （not）do sth. 最好(不)做why not /why dont you do sth为什么不做? help sb.（to）do sth Would rather宁愿做 would you please情态动词+do助动词+do特殊词精讲: stop doing/to dostop to do停下来去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。 They stop to smoke.我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking. forget doing/to doforget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。Eg：He forgot to turn it off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off.他忘记关灯了。 go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。Eg：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one. try doing/ to do sth.try to do sth. 努力, 尽力做某事Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .try doing sth. 试着做某事The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.非谓语动词常与语态和时态连用：一般式完成式主动被动主动被动To vTo v To be done To have done To have been donev-ingv-ingBeing doneHaving doneHaving been donev-edv-ed考点四：独立主格当两个句子的主语不同的时候，还要让句子简洁，所以把两个句子合成一个句子。举例：a. It is hot today.b. I stay at home.(其实两个句子具有因果关系)第一步：不省略主语，但be-being,do-doing/done合并：It being hot today,I stay at home.第二步：为了与第二个句子区分开来，在画线的句子前加with/without合并：with it being hot today, I stay at home.练习：1. Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 2.-Its too hot. Would you mind _the door? -_. Please do it. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 3. No matter how hard it is, well keep_until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying 4. -Are you enjoying_in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. Very much. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived 5 We couldnt help _ after we heard the funny story A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed6.My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B. does C. did D. to do 7.Do you often hear John _in his room ? Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room . A.sing , to sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing 8.I watched her _ in the next room last night . A.dancing B. to dance C. dances D. dance9.Lets _swimming after the exam . A.go B. goes C. to go D. went10.Youd better _a bus . A.to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching11.Martin looks so well. Weve never seen him _ so well before. A. is looked B. is looking C. to look D. look12.My father has decided _ because smoking is bad for his health. A. to stop to smoke B. to stop smoking C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke13 It is kind _ me to carry these books. A. of you helping B. for you to help C. of you to help D. for you helping14 Would you like _ some bread or biscuits? No thanks. I dont feel like anything now. A. to have, eating B. to have, to eat C. having, to eat D. having, eating 15. Do you remember me, Tom? Ah, yes, I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year. A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing非谓语动词作状语的练习 A. I was sickB .I stayed at home A. I heard the good news.B .I was crazy with joy. A. I read the newspaper.B .The tears come to his eyes. A. They thought deeply.B .They sat at the desk. A.The teacher talked to his studentsB . The teacher stood on the platform. A.He was informed by the teacher.B . He came here soon. A.The hospital was established in 1949.B . The hospital has been a very good hospital. A. I was born in ShangHai.B .I am a native Shang