阅读理解技巧指导.ppt

学 考 阅读理解 解题技巧指导 专 专 题 山师附中李雪梅 专 高中英语学习对阅读的七级要求 能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息 能理解文章主旨和作者意图 能通过上下文克服生词困难 理解语篇意义 能通过文章中的线索进行推理 能根据需要从网络等资源中获取信息 能阅读适合高中生的英语报刊或杂志 除教材外 课外阅读量应累计达到23万词以上 专 学业水平测试阅读样式 试卷共3篇阅读文章 每篇词数250左右共设10个问题 满分20体裁和题材广泛 设问多样化 专 1 主旨归纳题 mainidea 2 推理判断题 questionsofinference 3 细节理解题 questionsofdetails 4 词义猜测题 wordsincontext 设问类型 typesofquestions 主旨大意 考 点 一 大意类 Themainideaoftheparagraphis Whatisthepassagemainlyabout 标题类 What sthebesttitle headlineforthepassage Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe 作者意图类 What sthewriter spurposeinwritingthepassage Theauthor spurpose istoshow 常见设题方式 Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease illness cancer cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems Forexample itcangiveonea smoker scough Finally studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller cancer smokingisharmful Whatdoestheparagraphmainlytalkabout Smokingcancausecancer SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth Anexperimentonsmoking Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth 1 topicsentence 2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent Ontheotherhand nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal Andthemanwhoknows everything mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness So itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance Whatisthemainideaofthepassage Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers Don tjudgeothersbyappearance 3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention ColorTV Only 79 Twodayssale Hurry However whenyougotothestorereadytobuy youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel Amuchbettersetwhichis justrightforyou Itcosts 395 Thissalesmethodiscalled baitandswitch Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone Thebesttitleoftheparagraphcouldbe A BuyingATVSetB ASellingMethodC BuyerBewareD TVOnSale Thissalesmethodiscalled baitandswitch 诱售法 专 TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation HewenttotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors HarvardLawSchooland later BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat A Tom whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears movedtoanotheruniversity B TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege C TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity D Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation TypesOfParagraphStructures atthebeginning attheend inthemiddle nocleartopicsentence 专 略读模板 用 略读模板 快速捕捉主旨大意是非常有效的办法 具体放法是 读首段全部 其他段落读首句 尾段读首句和尾句 Tips 专 Aslateas1800 women sonlyplacewasinthehome Theideaofwomaninthebusinessworldwasunthinkable Menwerecertainthatnowomancoulddoagoodjoboutsideherhome Thiswassuchawidelyacceptedideathatwhenthewell knownBrontesistersbeganwritingbooksin1864 theyhadtosigntheirbookswithmen snamesinstead Teachingwasthefirstprofessionopentowomensoonafter1800 HospitalnursingbecamerespectableworkforwomenonlyafterNightingalebecamefamous Theinventionofthetypewriterin1867helpedtobringwomenoutofthehomeandintothebusinessworld Theideathatwomencouldworkinthebusinessworldhadbeenaccepted 1 Theidea unthinkable 3 Hospitalnursing 2 Teaching 4 Theidea accepted 推理判断 考 点 二 Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat Thepassagesuggeststhat Thepassageimpliesthat Fromthepassagewemayconcludethat Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom Thefollowingparagraphwouldmostlikelydealwith 常见设题方式 专 规律方法推断就是从已知的事件中推测未知事件 指文章或作者没有直接说明但暗示出来或根据作者提供的信息可能引出的必然结论 所以这类题目找不到直接答案 只可以找出供推论的依据 以原文内容为前提 透过现象看本质领悟作者思想倾向 观点 立场 语气及态度等 不选择照抄原文的选项不选事实细节选项不选非事实选项选概括性 哲理性的选项 Tips 专 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly Iamsickofallthesebadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform 事实细节 考 点 三 Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned Allofthestatementsaretrueexcept Whichisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents Whatdoestheauthormentioninthepassage Whatdoweknowabout 常见设题方式 专 解题方法 标注法 1 根据题干中的关键词 找准相关句 段的内容 选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息 而绝不可根据自己的主观假设及推测或是自己的观点来决定 2 在阅读过程中对涉及到who when where how why等常考的细节内容做适当标记 以便于解题时迅速 准确地查找 正确选项的特征 一般是针对文章的某一事例 原因 时间 人物做出阐释 具有概括性 抽象性的 含义深刻的选项可能是正确选项 内容与其它三项有较大差别的可能是正确选项 含有不确定语气词的可能是正确选项 干扰选项的特征 照抄原文 但省略了关键内容 与原文相似但过于绝对化 含有绝对词的选项 must always never all merely only haveto no never any every 原文没有提到或与原文内容相反 肤浅的表达原文字面意思 张冠李戴 即把A的特点强加到B上 whichstatementaboutthespreadoflonelinessistrue A thespreadingeffectwasthesecondstrongestamongfriends B nospreadingeffectwasfoundonthehusbandsandwives C womenaremorelikelytobeaffectedthanmen D brothersaremoreeasilyaffectedthanneighbors Theeffectwasstrongestamongfriends Neighborswerethesecondmostaffectedgroup Theeffectwasweakeronhusbandsandwives andbrothersandsisters Theresearchersalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen 猜测词意 考 点 四 Accordingtotheauthor theunderlinedwordmeans Fromthepassage wecaninfertheword is Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby Whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor Theunderlinedword probablymeans 常见设题方式 专 Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter Ifyouagree write yes ifyoudissent write no TheweatherinHawaiiisalwaysmild Itispleasantandwarm Thereisusuallyalightwindtocooltheair 专 Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain thefarmershavetoirrigate orwatertheirfields Howtoguessthemeaningofwords OnReading 专 1 主旨归纳题 mainidea 2 推理判断题 questionsofinference 3 细节理解题 questionsofdetails 4 词义猜测题 wordsincontext 技巧归纳 techniques 找准主题句 巧用略读模板 依据文章线索 透过现象看本质 运用标注法 排除干扰项 利用上下文语境 善用构词法 Designbygroup 学业水平测试即将进行 如果你是出题小组成员 请根据下列文章 任选一个设问方式 设计一个试题和4个选项 专 impassable im pass able 否定前缀 通过 经过 形容词后缀 无法通过的 专 专 Jacklookedforhispeninhisschoolbag buthecouldn tfindit Herummagedthroughhisdeskandhispockets butnopen 2 Theunderlinedword rummaged inparagraph2probablymeans A forgottolookatB searchedcarefullyC turnedsidewaysD threwaway B 专 TheAmericanwomen sliberationmovementwasstartedbywomenwhodidn twanttostandbehindsuccessfulmen Theywantedtostandbesidemenandhavethesamechancesforsuccess Theydidn twanttobetoldthatcertainjobsorofficeswereclosedtothem Theyrefusedtoworksidebysidewithmenwhodidthesameworkforahigherpay 2 TheliberatedwomenwanttodoallthefollowingEXCEPT A stayathometohelptheirhusbandsbesuccessfulB havethesamechancesforsuccessasmenC getthesamepaywhendoingthesameworkasmenD seekforofficeanddosomeimportantjobsasmen didn twanttostandbehind A 专 HeisagoodChristian Heisagoodfather Heisagoodchild Heisagoodhusband Sheisagoodwife Sheisagoodteacher Sheisagoodfriend 他是一个慈爱的父亲 他是一个孝顺的孩子 他是一个有责任心的丈夫 她是一位贤惠的妻子 她是一位敬业的老师 她是一个真挚的朋友 good还 好 吗 他是一名虔诚的教徒 5 Magellan smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship MagellanwasfromPortugal buthesailedfortheKingofSpain OnSeptember20 1519 heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica theyreachedthePacificOcean onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust FinallyinApril1521 MagellangottothePhilippineIslands wherehewaskilled HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21 1521 sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied Magellan svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage A Magellan sdeathB GoingAroundTheWorldC TheWorldIsRoundD Magellan sVoyage Magellan smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship Magellan svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld MagellanwasfromPortugal buthesailedfortheKingofSpain OnSeptember20 1519 heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica theyreachedthePacificOcean onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust FinallyinApril1521 MagellangottothePhilippineIslands wherehewaskilled HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21 1521 sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied TheprocessofMagellan slongdifficultvoyage Magellan svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball Magellan svoyageprovedtheearthisround Magellan smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship MagellanwasfromPortugal buthesailedfortheKingofSpain OnSeptember20 1519 heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica theyreachedthePacificOcean onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust FinallyinApril1521 MagellangottothePhilippineIslands wherehewaskilled HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoedHope BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21 1521 sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied Magellan svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball Paragraph1 Magellan svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld Paragraph2 Theproc