江苏省泗阳中学高考英语 任务型阅读专项训练（一）.doc

江苏省泗阳中学2013高考英语任务型阅读专项训练（1）how is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹)can turn out so differently? each sibling grows up in a different family. the first-born is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. the next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. the mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. one sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918.but more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others lives. dr.annette henderson says first-born children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. the reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one-on-one time with parents. but that doesnt mean that the younger children have problems with language development. later-borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “i” and “me”.a cambridge university study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. love-hate relationships were common among the children. even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.one way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. a 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.title: reasons for the (71)_ betweeen siblingsdifferent family situationsthe first child lives in a stable and close family, (72)_ things differently from later ones.the next child may (73)_ up in a crisis.the child (74)_ later leads to the change of the family again.parents themselves are changing too;sibling competitionchildren mae be (75)_ by the competition.it is found that brothers and sisters have a lasting (76)_ on each other.the first-born (77)_ vocabulary more quickly.the younger dont (78)_ have problems with language.growing sociallylove-hate relationships are commom among the children.(79)_ more attention from parentsthey want to be different, especially if the (80)_ in age is small.the first two are more different from each other.girls with brothers are the most different.different siblings succeed in getting more warmthkey: 71.difference 72.experiencing 73. grow 74.arriving 75.shaped 76. effect/influence 77. learn 78. necessarily 79. seeking 80. gap（2）the fast development of internet makes it convenient for people to have access to the latest information all over the world, which broadens peoples horizons however, sometimes the internet is abused by some to spread rumors（谣言）on purpose, resulting in side effect on peoples life therefore, the internet society of china released a written proposal last monday which demanded of internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of online rumors three major websites in china voiced their solutions tuesday to fight against online rumors in response to the warning on monday chiefs of , and have promised the government that they will firmly cooperate with relevant departments to deal with the online spreading of rumors, saying they will improve self-management and take effective measures toward this goal microblogging websites should not be a hotbed for spreading of rumors, said a chief of , which operates the countrys most popular microblogging site whe said sina was making efforts to control the release of contents on w and improve its ability to find out and remove rumors posted on it w and another major chinese microblogging site stopped their comment functions from march 31 to april 3 after they were punished for allowing rumors to spread a chief from b said it was calling off illegal and fake（虚假）information in its search results and it would further increase technical and manpower investment to remove disinformation the website is learning from the past experience and bettering the safety strategy for its microblogging service to further prevent the spreading of online rumors through microblogging sites, said an unnamed chief from the measure has received widespread support from users and now people can enjoy a relative clean and safe net environmentbenefits of the internetmaking it convenient for people to access the latest information 1 broadening peoples horizons 2 being abused by some to spread rumors 3 having side effect on peoples lifea response fromgovernmenta proposal was released,_ 4 of internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of onlineresponses from websitespromising to 5 with relevant departments firmlyimproving self-management and take effective measuresmeasures 6 _by threemajor controlling the release of contents onwimproving its ability to_ 7 and remove rumors posted on cancelling 8 and fake information in its search resultsfurther increasing technical and manpower investment to remove learning from the past experiencebettering the safety 9 for its microblogging serviceresultsthe measure has received widespread support from userspeople can enjoy a clean and safe net environment 10 参考答案：1.worldwide; 2.problems/disadvantages; 3.purposely/deliberately; 4.demanding; 5.cooperate; 6.taken; 7.discover; 8.illegal; 9.strategy; 10.relatively （3）the word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has an idea of its meaning. however, its definition is difficult for many people. the meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives (目标). just to make the explanation as simple as possible,suppose science is defined as classified knowledge or facts.even in the true science, distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. for this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. there is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. for example, hypotheses(假设) and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. from these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. the exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.the objectives of science are primarily the discovery and later the understanding of the unknown. man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature of that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. toward that end, specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. one, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to come before the discovery of the cell. the host of scientists devoting their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.the other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes-for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. in this case knowledge is put to economic use. such an approach is referred to as applied science.the (71) of science(72) _ of science to define science, we may (73) call it classified knowledge or facts. it is essential, though not (74) , for us to distinguish fact from fiction.objectives of sciencescience is (75) _ at discovering and understanding the unknown.two basic (76) _to new discoverypure sciencescientists, who may be blamed for (77) _ the practical side of their work, make discoveries out of (78)_ . (79) _ scienceknowledge is put to economic (80) , for example, improving health, raising living standards and creating new products.71.nature 72.definition 73.simply 74.easy 75.aimed76.approaches 77.ignoring 78.curiosity 79.applied 80.use（4）throw the bottles and boxes of drugs out of your house. a new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health, which should at least come as good news to people who cannot afford to buy expensive medicine. this new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing yoga on a regular basis.supporters of medical treatment argue that medicine should be trusted since it is effective and scientifically proven. they say that there is no need for spiritual methods such as yoga. these waste our time, something which is quite precious in our material world. there is medicine that can kill our pain, x-rays that show us our bones or mri that scans our brain for tumors (肿瘤).we must admit that these methods are very effective in the examples that they provide. however, there are some “everyday complaints” such as back pains, headaches, insomnia, which are treated currently with medicine. when you have a headache, you take an aspirin; when you cannot sleep, you take xanax without thinking of the side effects of these. when you use these pills for a long period, you become addicted to them; you cannot sleep without them. we pay huge amounts of money and become addicted instead of getting better. how about a safer and more economical way of healing? when doing yoga, you do not need anything except your energy so it is very economical. its popularity has spread particularly throughout america and western europe. in quantum (量子) physics, energy is recognized as the fundamental substance (物质) which the universe consists of. yoga depends on the energy within our bodies. it is a simple and effective way of restoring the energy flow. there are no side effects and it is scientifically explained. opponents of alternative healing methods also claim that serious illnesses such as hiv/aids and cancer cannot be treated without drugs. they think so because these patients spend the rest of their lives in the hospital taking medicine. how can yoga make these people healthy again? it is very unfortunate that these patients have to live in the hospital losing their hair because of chemotherapy (化疗), losing weight because of the side effects of the medicine they take. actually, it is common knowledge that except for when the cancer is recognized at an early stage, drugs also cannot treat aids or cancer. most of the medicines these patients use are to ease their pain and their sufferings. instead of drugs which are expensive and have many side effects, you can use your energy to overcome the hardships of life, find an emotional balance, leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the everyday worries. we should definitely start learning yoga and avoid illnesses before it is too late. title: health and healing at your fingertips(71) to a new theory a new theory argues that doing yoga (72) can keep people healthy while medicine might do (73) to peoples health. support of medical treatment people should (74) medicine as it is very useful for killing pain. medicine is effective and scientifically proven while yuga is a kind of spiritual method and doing yoga is only a (75) of time. illnesses (76) hiv/aids and cancer can only be treated with drugs.support of yoga doing yoga is safer and not as (77) as taking medicine. most of the medicines that patients with some (78) diseases use are to ease their pain and their sufferings but can not cure them. yoga has no side effects and also there is a (79) explanation. it can restore the energy flow in peoples bodies, which can (80) our emotions, control thoughts, overcome the hardships of life, leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the everyday worries.71. introduction 72. regularly 73. harm 74. trust / take 75. waste 76. like 77. expensive 78. serious 79. scientific 80. balance（5）beggars are often seen sitting under blankets with heads sadly bowed as people pass them by in cambridges market centersome ask people passing by for change and some just sit and wait to be given moneya few use aggressive behavior to earn money to solve the problem of aggressive begging，an “alternative giving” plan has been suggestedten blue money boxes will be placed in busy places such as the market and the railway stationit aims to encourage people not to give money directly to beggars but instead to give generously to local homeless causes supporters of this plan think it will be an effective way to solve the beggars alcohol and drug problemsbut the police oppose the plan arguing that beggars who do not receive cash may turn to criminality( 犯罪) to feed their addictionsthe homeless charity “crisis” said the success of any plan will depend on its stylethey think that imaginative and positive plans can help create localunderstanding and sympathy instead of hardnessmost of the beggars dislike the plan because they think they will not get enough money from the boxes for their showers，food，and clothes begging is a big social problem both in developing and developed countriesgovernments must play a big role in solving this problemtraining beggars to work and helping them to find appropriate jobs is one optionthis is especially true for developing countries where many low-skill jobs existthe general community should also be educated to see beggars not as dirty and dangerous，but as people who need understanding and helpbegging problemintroduction to the begging problemsome beggars ask 3._ for moneysome beggars just sit and wait to be given moneyan “alternative plan” to the problemin some busy places，such as the market and railway station，ten blue boxes will be placed to 4. people to give money to local homeless causesdifferent 1._towards the suggested plan supporters of this plan think it very 5._ to solve the problems related to beggarsthe police oppose the plan arguing the beggars may turn to criminality because of 6._of cashthe homeless charity said that it remains to be seen whether this plan would work 7_most of the beggars dislike the plan because the money that they will get from the box will not be enough to 8._ their showers, food and clothes2 to the problemgovernments must be active in 9_ this problem by training beggars to work and helping them to find proper jobsthe public shouldnt look 10._ upon beggars but understand and help them1. attitudes 2. solutions 3. passers-by 4. encourage 5. effective6. lack 7. successfully/well 8. cover 9. solving 10. down（6）real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on tv.the first difference is that a policemans real life revolved round criminal law. he has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. he has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.little of his time is spent in chatting. he will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. in real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem. except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks, little effort is spent on searching.having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. he has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.a third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force, they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. secondly, as expensive public servants, they have to get results. they can hardly ever do both. most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.if the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. and this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-minded as he see it of citizens, s