大脑结构解剖图.ppt

TheTelencephalon 山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华 Externalfeature Thetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces superolateral medialandinferior ThreeprincipalsulciCentralsulcus中央沟Lateralsulcus外侧沟Parietooccipitalsulcus顶枕沟 Centralsulcus Lateralsulcus Parietooccipitalsulcus FivelobesFrontallobe额叶Parietallobe顶叶Temporallobe颞叶Occipitallobe枕叶Insularlobe岛叶 Frontallobe Parietallobe Occipitallobe Temporallobe Insularlobe SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Frontallobe Precentralsulcus中央前沟Superiorfrontalsulcus额上沟Inferiorfrontalsulcus额下沟Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus额上回Middlefrontalgyrus额中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus额下回 SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Precentralsulcus Precentralgyrus Superiorfrontalsulcus Inferiorfrontalsulcus Superior middleandinferioefrontalgyri Parietallobe Postcentralsulcus中央后沟Postcentralgyrus中央后回Intraparietalsulcus顶内沟Superiorparietallobule顶上小叶Inferiorparietallobule顶下小叶Supramarginalgyrus缘上回Angulargyrus角回 SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Postcentralsulcus Postcentralgyrus Superiorparietallobule Supramarginalgyrus Angulargyrus Intraparietalsulcus Temporallobe Superiortemporalsulcus颞上沟Inferiortemporalsulcus颞下沟Superiortemporalgyrus颞上回Middletemporalgyrus颞中回Inferiortemporalgyrus颞下回Transversetemporalgyri颞横回 SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Superiortemporalsulcus Inferiortemporalsulcus Superiortemporalgyrus Middletemporalgyrus Inferiortemporalgyrus Transversetemporalgyri SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Precentralsulcus Precentralgyrus Superiorfrontalsulcus Inferiorfrontalsulcus Superior middleandinferioefrontalgyri Postcentralsulcus Postcentralgyrus Superiorparietallobule Supramarginalgyrus Angulargyrus Superiortemporalsulcus Inferiortemporalsulcus Superiortemporalgyrus Middletemporalgyrus Inferiortemporalgyrus Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface Corpuscallosum胼胝体Callosalsulcus胼胝体沟Cingulatesulcus扣带沟Cingulategyrus扣带回Marginalramus缘支Paracentrallobule中央旁小叶Calcarinesulcus距状沟Cuneus楔叶Lingualgyrus舌回 Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface Corpuscallosum Callosalsulcus cingulategyrus Cingulatesulcus Marginalramus Paracentrallobule Calcarinesulcus Cuneus Parietooccipitalsulcus Lingualgyrus Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束Olfactorytrigone嗅三角Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿质Collateralsulcus侧副沟Occipitotemporalsulcus枕颞沟Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞内侧回Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞外侧回Hippocampalsulcus海马沟Parahippocampalgyrus海马旁回Uncus钩Hippocampus海马Dentategyrus齿状回 Hippocampalformation海马结构 Inferiorsurface Olfactorybulb Olfactorytract Olfactorytrigone Anteriorperforatedsubstance Collateralsulcus Occipitotemporalsulcus Medialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri Parahippocampalgyrus Uncus Hippocampus Dentategyrus Hippocampalformation Histologyofthecerebralcortex Archicortex原皮质 hippocampalformation海马结构 Paleocortex古皮质 rhinencephalon嗅脑 Neocortex新皮质 mostofcerebralcortex 3celllayers 6celllayers Functionallocationofcerebralcortex Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区 Position locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区 CharactersRepresentationisinverted butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus VA VLandVPL sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract controllingvoluntarymovements Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区 Position liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区 CharactersSensoryrepresentation likemotorarea iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody Auditoryarea听区 LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears Visualarea视区 LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections Vestibulararea平衡觉区 locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅觉区 locatedneartheuncusTastearea味觉区 locatedatfrontaloperculum Languagearea语言中枢 Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright handedpersonMotorspeecharea运动性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage motoraphasiaWritingarea书写中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea听觉性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea视觉性语言中枢LocatedinangulargyrusLesion alexia Lateralventricle侧脑室Position locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn extendintotemporallobe Internalstructures Communicationlateralventricle interventricularforamen thirdventricle Basalnuclei基底核 Corpusstriatum纹状体Lentiformnucleus豆状核Caudatenucleus尾状核Claustrum屏状核Amygdaloidbody杏仁体 Globuspallidus苍白球 putamen壳 Neostriatum新纹状体 paleostriatum旧纹状体 Whitematter Associationfibers联络纤维RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大脑弓状纤维Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上纵束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下纵束Uncinatefasciculus钩束Cingulum扣带 Commissuralfibers连合纤维 runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝体 rostrum genu trunk spleniumAnteriorcommissure前连合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆连合 Projectionfibers投射纤维 connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibersInternalcapsulePosition athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus thalamusandlentiformnucleus ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule内囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule内囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule内囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract corticorubraltract centralthalamicradiation parieto occipito temporo pontinetract acousticradiationandopticradiation Anteriorthalamicradiation Fr