unit3 Grammar.ppt

GrammarSubject VerbAgreement 主谓一致的定义 1 主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致 这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则 也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方 2 作主语名词单复数与谓语动词单复数不同 主谓一致 3 主语复数 名词 s es 第三人称代词复数 一人称单复数 谓语复数 动词原形不加s es 4 主语单数 名词单数 第三人称代词 谓语单数 动词原形 s es 就近一致原则 谓语动词的单 复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语 1 由or nor either or neither nor notonly butalso连接的并列结构作主语 随后的动词形式通常按照 就近原则 处理 YouorsheisgoodatEnglish 2 以here there开头的句子 谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定 如果主语不止一个 谓语动词于最近的主语保持一致 Hereissomebread Thereisapenandthreepencilsonthedesk 就远一致原则 主语后紧跟aswellas with alongwith like togetherwith ratherthan except but including besides inadditionto等时谓语动词要与句子的主语保持一致 Readthefollowingsentences payingspecialattentiontothecolouredparts 1 Joe snewtrousersareblackandwhite 2 Thefamilygoshoppingatweekendstogether 3 Toeatwellisallheasks 4 Physicsisanimportantsubjectinthemiddleschool Studyingtherule 5 Playingtennisisverygoodexercise 6 Therearemanypeopleonthestreetatweekends 7 Whatcausedthisaccidentisamystery 8 Themerchandisehasarrivedundamaged 9 Theglassesarenotenoughforhimtoseethatobjectinthedistance 10 ThefamilygoestothechurcheverySunday Findingtherule singular singular plural singular 1 一些以 ics结尾的学科名词如politics mathematics physics mechanics economics等 形式上是复数 实际上却为不可数名词 它们作主语时 其谓语动词常用单数形式 e g Idon tthinkpoliticsiseasytostudy 我认为政治难学 主谓一致 2 若主语是书名 影片名 格言 剧名 报名 国名等 作为一个单一的概念 其谓语动词通常用单数形式 e g TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina 美国比中国小 WarandPeaceisthelongestbookI veread 战争与和平 是我读过的最长的书 3 表示单一概念的动名词 不定式或句子作主语时 谓语动词用单数 e g Whenandwheretogofortheholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet 注意 主语为what引导的主语从句时 谓语动词应与从句所指代的内容的单复念一致 e g Whathesays 他所说的 isnotimportant WhatIwant 我所需要的 aredetails 4 trousers glasses clothes shoes scissors 剪刀 等词作主语时 谓语用复数 但如果这些名词前有a the pairof等量词修饰时 clothes被asuitof修饰 谓语动词用单数 e g Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis 床下面的那双鞋子是他的 Thetwopairsoftrousersarebroken 两条裤子都破了 5 有些集合名词如crowd family team group government committee class school union firm staff public等 它们作主语时 谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定 如果它们是作为一个集体单位 谓语动词用单数形式 如果是就其中的各个成员来说 则谓语动词用复数形式 e g Myfamilywasheretwoyearsago 两年前 我家就搬到这儿了 Myfamilyaren tenjoyingmusic 我们家人都不喜欢音乐 Theteamisthebestintheleague 这个队在联赛中打得最好 Thefootballteamarehavingbaths 足球队队员们在洗澡 注意 有时没有特定的语境 用单复数谓语均可 e g Theaudiencewas were veryexcitedbytheshow 观众对演出甚感激动 Thepublichas have arighttoknowwhat sinthereport 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容 6 有些表示总称意义的名词 如people police militia 民兵 cattle poultry 家禽 vermin 害虫 等 形式上是单数 而意义上是复数 谓语动词要用复数形式 e g Cattlewereallowedtograzeonthevillagecommon Thepolicearesearchingforatalldarkmanwithabeard 7 有些集合名词 如mankind humanity merchandise clothing poetry baggage luggage furniture machinery scenery jewellery equipment 设备 等 通常只用作不可数名词 表示单数意义 用作主语时 其后谓语动词用单数形式 e g Ourclothingprotectsusfromagainstthecold 我们的衣服可以御寒 AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的 Alltheirbaggagewasstolen 他们所有的行李都被偷了 Thefurnitureisconvenienttomove 这家具搬起来很方便 8 therebe句型中 be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语 如果其后是由and连接的两个主语 则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致 e g Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom 房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子 Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom 房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子 Applyingtherule Choosetherightwordtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences 1 Where is are theshoes 2 Atthebottomofthehillthere is are adangerouscrossroads 3 TheNewYorkTimes is are publisheddaily are is is 4 TheUnitedNations was were formedinSanFranciscoin1945 5 Politics are is theartorscienceofgovernment 6 Playingcards are is afavouriteofyoungpeople was is is 7 Thefamily is are ahappyone 8 Theclass is are takingnotes its their pensscribblingquicklyover its their exercisebooks is are their their Readthefollowingsentencesandcorrectthemistakesifany 1 Thepublicwereconvincedofhisinnocence 2 Thegovernmenthasdiscussedthematterforalongtimebuttherehavebeennosignsofreachinganagreement havediscussedthe 3 Thefootballteamarebeingreorganized 4 Physicsarethefundamentalsubjectofscience 5 TheUnitedStatesareacountryofpeoplewithvariedorigins 6 Onepairofshoesarenotenough is is is 1 Thecommittee overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours A hasarguedB hasbeenarguingC havearguedD havebeenarguing 2 Thepublic generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims A isB wasC areD hasbee 3 Zhanglin sfamily ratherbigandhisfamily fondofmusic A is areB is isC are isD are are 4 AllthatIneed alargesumofmoneywithwhichtobuymywifeadiamondring A aretobeB isC areD were 1 2010 湖南 Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts causedhearinglossinsometeenagers A isB areC hasD have 高考链接 2 SuchpoetsasShakespeare wide