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CHAPTER8OperatingSystemsandUtilityPrograms NetworkOperatingSystems OverviewofNOSCharacteristics Networkoperatingsystems NOSs distributetheirfunctionsoveranumberofnetworkedcomputers Itthenaddsfunctionsthatallowaccesstosharedresourcesbyanumberofusersconcurrently NOScomputerstakeonspecializedrolestoaccomplishconcurrentaccesstosharedresources Clientsystemscontainspecializedsoftwarethatallowsthemtorequestsharedresourcesthatarecontrolledbyserversystemsrespondingtoaclientrequest DifferencesBetweenPCandaNOS TheNOSenhancesthereachoftheclientPCbymakingremoteservicesavailableasextensionsofthelocalnativeoperatingsystem AlthoughanumberofusersmayhaveaccountsonaPC onlyasingleaccountisactiveonthesystematanygiventime NOSsupportsmultipleuseraccountsatthesametimeandenablesconcurrentaccesstosharedresourcesbymultipleclients TypesofNOS ItisimportanttoknowthebasicsaboutpopularNOSfamilies Manynetworksnowincludemorethanoneservertype andknowinghowtogetthesediversesystemstointeroperateisanimportantskillforanetworkadministrator Operatingsystemsonthenetworkhavetheirownlanguage DifferentNOSvendorsusethesametermsindifferentways WindowsTerminology Windowsserver basednetworksthatrunWindowsNTServerorWindows2000Serverarebasedontheconceptofthedomain Adomainisagroupofcomputersandusersthatservesasaboundaryofadministrativeauthority WindowsNTdomainsandWindows2000domains althoughsimilarinfunction interactwithoneanotherdifferently WindowsNT4 0 TheDomainStructureofWindowsNTwasentirelydifferentfromtheDomainStructureinWindows2000 InsteadofActiveDirectory WindowsNTprovidesanadministrativetoolcalledtheUserManagerforDomains Itisaccessedfromthedomaincontrollerandisusedtocreate manage andremovedomainuseraccounts WindowsNT4 0 EachNTdomainrequiresonePrimaryDomainController PDC Thisisa master serverthatcontainstheSecurityAccountsManagementDatabase SAM AdomaincanalsohaveoneormoreBackupDomainControllers BDCs eachofwhichcontainsaread onlycopyoftheSAM TheSAMiswhatcontrolstheauthenticationprocesswhenauserlogsontothedomain Windows2000andXPOperatingSystem Theofflinefoldersfeatureenablesuserstocopyandsynchronizedocumentsfromthenetworktothelocalsystemsothattheycanbeaccessedwhenthecomputerisnotconnectedtothenetwork TheInternetPrintingProtocol IPP enablesuserstoprinttoaURLandmanageprintersthroughawebbrowserinterface Built indiskdefragmentersandothertoolsandutilitieshelpusersmaintainandmanagetheoperatingsystem ItsupportsKerberossecurity developingstandardforauthenticatingnetworkusers andthefeaturesofaWindows2000domainasanActiveDirectoryclient Windows2000and2003FamilyofOperatingSystems TheWindows2000familyofoperatingsystemsincludes Windows2000ProfessionalWindows2000ServerWindows2000AdvancedServerThespecificneedsofthenetworkwilldeterminethebestversionofWindows2000fortheinstallation TheWindows2003familyofoperatingsystemsincludes StandardEditionEnterpriseEditionDatacenterEditionWebEditionSmallBusinessServerEdition2003Serverreleaseistheavailablesupportfor64 bitsystemsinordertocompeteintheenterpriselevelserverarena LinuxOperatingSystem Linuxissometimesreferredtoas UNIXLite anditisdesignedtorunonIntel compatiblePCs However Linuxwillrunonothermachinesaswell LinuxbringstheadvantagesofUNIXtohomeandsmallbusinesscomputers Thefollowingareafewofthemostpopulartypes RedHatLinuxLinuxMandrakeCalderaeDesktopandeServerDebianGNU LinuxCorelLinuxTurboLinux LinuxClients WindowsclientscanaccessLinuxserverswithoutclientsoftwareiftheUNIXserversrunSamba whichisaprogramthatusestheServerMessageBlock SMB applicationlayerprotocol WindowscomputersuseSMBforfileaccessacrossthenetwork SambapermitsthemtoseetheLinuxfilesystem WorkstationSoftwareandPrograms TheXWindowSystemiswhatcomprisestheLinuxGUIenvironment Corel sWordPerfectandSunStarOfficearethetoptwoofficesuitescapableofrunningonLinux TherealsosinglepackagesratherthanfullofficesuitsthatcomeshippedwithLinuxandsomeareinstalledbydefaultduringtheinstallationprocess SomeexamplesoftheseareLyXandAbiWord WorkstationSoftwareandPrograms SomeofthepopularaudioandvisualprogramsavailableforLinuxincludetoolsforviewingandeditinggraphicslikeXVandGIMP ServerSoftwareandPrograms ApopularuseofaLinuxsystemisawebserver WebserversoftwareusesHypertextTransferProtocol HTTP todeliverfilestousersthatrequestthem usingawebbrowserfromtheirworkstation AMailServerisasystemthatisconfiguredwiththeproperprogramsandservicesthatenablehandlingtheexchangeofe mailsentfromoneclienttoanother TheLinuxoperatingsystemprovidesfileservereitherinaLinuxenvironmentorinacross platformenvironmentconsistingofWindows Macintosh UNIX orOS 2workstation AdditionalSoftwareandPrograms TherearesomeprogramsandsoftwarethatareessentialtoaddtoaLinuxsystemregardlessofwhetheritisconfiguredasaworkstationoraserver Texteditorsareessentialforperforminganytypeofmaintenancetasksthatauseroranadministratormayneedtodo SomeexamplesoftexteditorsavailableinLinuxarevi jed pico orEmacs AdditionalSoftwareandPrograms ProgrammingtoolsarehelpfulLinuxserversaswelltospecificusersatworkstationsiftheyareprogrammers Theseprogrammingtoolsarealsoreferredtoascompilersorinterpreters Acomplierconvertstheprogramso
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