人工植物群落论文：矿业废弃地裸露坡面人工植物群落构建及对基质性质的影响.doc

人工植物群落论文：矿业废弃地裸露坡面人工植物群落构建及对基质性质的影响【中文摘要】随着国家基础设施的大规模建设,大量的山坡被开采、破坏,形成了大量的无植被覆盖的裸露边坡。边坡的形成不仅对景观生态环境造成了极大的破坏,还会引起山坡坍塌、滑坡,导致严重的水土流失。因此对裸露的边坡进行生态修复已成为迫在眉睫的问题。研究区域位于巢湖流域富磷背景区的矿业废弃地,长期的开采形成了大量的裸露陡坡区域和由剥离土堆积而成的缓坡区域,地形起伏较大；坡面土壤母质暴露、颗粒磷含量高,但氮素贫瘠,自然植被覆盖度低,水土流失严重。本论文以巢湖流域富磷背景区矿业开采裸地为对象,在调查当地自然定居植物的基础上,以马棘、胡枝子和狗牙根为工具物种,选择不同坡度构建不同模式人工植物群落,并对人工植物群落的形态特征及其对土壤理化性质的影响等进行研究。(1)实地调查表明,研究区域自然定居植物共有38科129种,其中禾本科(24种)、豆科(12种)、菊科(16种)植物是构成研究区域自然定居植物群落的主要物种,其中狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)为主要优势种。构成研究区域的主要植物群落有位于东半部分呈带状或斑块装分布的白茅-狗牙根群落,位于西半部分呈斑块状分布的白茅-狗尾草群落,位于平地部分呈带状分布的夏枯草-结缕草群落。研究区域的开采裸露坡面,本底磷含量较高(1.62mg/g),水土流失状况严重(0.1m3/m2)。(2)在狗牙根+马棘+胡枝子、三维植被网+狗牙根+马棘+胡枝子不同的播种模式下,无论陡坡区域还是急陡坡区域,位于灌木层的胡枝子和马棘对狗牙根的生长产生抑制作用；三维植被网对陡坡区域生长的三种植物影响均很小,在急陡坡区三维植被网有利于胡枝子和马棘的生长,而不利于狗牙根的生长；不同播种模式下的三种植物的植株高度、总盖度、地上生物量在不同坡度上有所不同,尤其是在陡坡区域(狗牙根、胡枝子、马棘的平均地上生物量分别相差2.5g/m2、23.5g/m2、16g/m2)。(3)人工植物群落的修复区对土壤物理性质特别是土壤容重的改善明显高于空白对照区,土壤容重与地上生物量呈正相关(R2=0.707)。(4)人工植物群落建立之后,在缓坡区域与陡坡区域,植物的地上生物量对土壤的化学性质产生了影响。与空白对照区相比,土壤全氮显著增加(4.7%)。(5)地上生物量对不同播种模式有所差别,三维植被网+狗牙根+胡枝子+马棘播种模式下植物地上生物量最大,在缓坡区域植物地上生物量与土壤速效磷显著相关(R2=0.935)；在急陡坡区域植物地上生物量与土壤pH相关性明显(R2=0.745)。【英文摘要】The breakage of amout of hillsides and the formation of lots of bared slopes without plant covered as a result of the powerful construction of the national infrastructure. Unfortunately, the formation of slope will largely destroy the landscape environment, even urge to the landslide and coast of slope and lead to serious soil and water loss. Therefore it has become the imperative issue that the bared slope was taken ecological restoration.The research area lies in the mines wasteland of the background with phosphorus in Chaohu drainage basin. Lots of bared steep slope area and gradual slope area accumulated by stripping soil have formed because of long-term exploitation, and the landform waves largely. Whats more, the slope soil initial character is exposed and the content of grain phosphorus is high, but the content of nitrogen and the natural plant coverage is low and the soil and water loss is severe.The thesis has researched on the bared slope of background area with phosphorus in Chaohu drainage basin. Cynodon dactylon and Lespedeza chinensis and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats has regarded as the tool species on the basis of the native vegetating species, and the different model artifical plant communities were constructed in different gradient. The morphological character of artifical plant community and soil physicochemical properties were researched in the thesis, moreover taking some conclusion on this research basis.(1) The field survey indicates that there are 38 section 129 species native plants in the research region, but the gramineous and leguminous and composite plants are the main plants composing native plant communities in the research region, in which the Cynodon dactylon is the primary predominant species. The Imperata cylindrica-Cynodon dactylon community locating east part and assuming zonal or plaquelike distribution and the Imperata cylindrica-Setaria viridis community locating west part and assuming plaquelike distribution and the Prunella vulgaris-Zoysia sinica community locating flat part and assuming zonal distribution comprised the main plant community of the research region. The content of background phosphorus is high(1.62mg/g) and the condition of soil and water loss is serious (0.1 m3/m2)in the research region.(2) Cynodon dactylon is restrained by Lespedeza chinensis and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats lied in shrub layer for the different seeding models in both steep slope region and very steep slope region. Moreover, the three-dimensional plant net has little effect on the three plants in steep slope region but is in favor of the growth of Lespedeza chinensis and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats and goes against the growth of Cynodon dactylon. Finally, the gradient has influenced on the height and total coverage and biomass aboveground of the three plants in different seeding models, especially in the steep slope region(the average biomass aboveground of Cynodon dactylon and Lespedeza chinensis and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats respectively differes 2.5g/m2、23.5g/m2、16g/m2).(3) The restoration region by constructed artificial plant communities is obviously better than the blank contrastive region about improvement in the soil physical properties especially the soil bulk density, and there is a significant correlation between the soil bulk density and the biomass aboveground(R2=0.707).(4) The biomass aboveground has impacted on the soil chemical properties in the gradual slope region and steep slope region after the construction of artificial plant communities. And the soil total nitrogen have significantly increased in contrast with the blank contrastive region(4.7%).(5)The biomass aboveground in different seeding models exist discrepancy, which in the three-dimensional plant net and Cynodon dactylon and Lespedeza chinensis and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mat model is highest. And there is a significantly correlation between biomass aboveground and soil available phosphorus(R2=0.935) in the gradual slope region, whats more, there is a obvious correlation between biomass aboveground and soil pH(R2=0.745) in the very steep slope region.【关键词】人工植物群落 植株高度 总盖度 地上生物量 土壤理化性质【英文关键词】Artificial plant communities Plant height Total coverage Biomass aboveground Soil physicochemical properties【目录】矿业废弃地裸露坡面人工植物群落构建及对基质性质的影响中文摘要3-5ABSTRACT5-6第一章 引言9-171.1 研究背景9-111.1.1 山坡破坏概况9-101.1.2 护坡的必要性101.1.3 人工植物群落研究现状10-111.2 植被护坡研究进展11-121.3 常用护坡植物12-141.3.1 狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)12-131.3.2 胡枝子(Lespedeza chinensis)131.3.3 马棘(Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats)13-141.4 本研究目的、意义14-161.4.1 研究目的14-151.4.2 研究意义15-161.5 本研究的主要内容及技术路线16-17第二章 材料和方法17-202.1 自然植物群落调查172