新编大学英语4读写译重点单词及重点句子翻译整理.doc

大学英语四级 读写译材料。Unit 1In-class reading passage Key words clarification comedian entertaining familiarity humorous irritated mild misuse mutual principal selectively sparkling string suggestive tease tempt universal vulgar resume subtle beyond the reach of make fun of appeal to lie in under someones nose make an attempt to Significant sentences Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if Ive just read the weather report. Line10Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talents, mathematical talent than others. line16Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen. line27It helps if the story/joke teller uses gestures and language which are well known to the audience. Line36It is true that todays humor is rather shocking, but I dont think humor is to be blamed for that. Line 100为什么我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更替具有音乐，数学才能一样。布利茨恩在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗得外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。如果讲故事和说笑话的人使用观众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认为这不是幽默的过错。After-class reading passages Key words arrest assemble complex construct convict detection drama fictional loose morally penalty predictable unsettle vary end with take on under arrest commit a murderSignificant sentences She uses characters that are easily recognizable and her plots develop almost like clockwork. Line6她创造的人物一眼就能辨认出，情节的发展非常规范、准确、流畅。The formula appeals to the strongest of human instincts-curiosity-and its popularity shows no sign of going away. Line12 这种模式吸引了人类最强烈的本能好奇心而人们对这种模式欢迎的程度没有任何减弱的迹象。Criminals go unpunished, people are wrongly convicted and there are miscarriages of justice. Line 38犯罪会逍遥法外，法律会伤及无辜，审判不公时有发生Instead of comforting, most contemporary crime novels unsettle their readers. Line 48当代的破案小说不仅不能给读者带来慰藉，反而使他们感到不安。So long as human beings remain curious, there seems no doubt that the whodunit in all its various forms, will continue to exert its fatal attraction. Line66只要人类还有好奇心，那么毫无疑问，各种各样的侦探小说就会继续发挥它致命的诱惑力。Key words announcement applaud bare hooked hasten back out catch on fill in get through start over try sth outSignificant sentences But then a strange coincidence occurred, the kind of thing that makes you think its an answer to prayer, even when you havent actually prayed. Line7但是后来发生了一件奇妙的巧事，使人觉得自己的祈祷得到了回应-甚至在你还没有真正祈祷的时候就得到回应了。Even though I dropped a lot of balls at first, I was amaze how easily I caught on.line14虽然最初我经常接不住球，但我很快就会了，连我自己都感到惊讶。As I got better, I began to add tricks, tossing the balls so that one went over the top of the others or under the others. Line28随着我技术的进步，我开始加上花样：抛球时让一个经过其他球的上方，或者经过其他球的下方I hoped that trying them out on my family would help me feel more comfortable doing the same thing in public. Line62我希望先在自己家人面前试试这一套，这样会让我在观众面前做同样事情的时候更放松些。I danced over the torches crazily, making jungle sounds, until I could pick them up and resume my juggling. Line 71 我疯狂般的跳舞，在火把上跨来跨去，发出丛林里的声音，知道我可以把它们捡起来继续杂耍表演 Unit 2 Key words In- class readingIntrigue stuff recipient uplifting responsive unresponsive reassurance boos upbeat drawback treasure owe cordial acquaintance compliment complimentary affected characterize credit thrive reinforcement spontaneous approval acknowledge fulfill compose overdue precise virtually After-class readings Occasional permission deliberately proceed instruction concept assignment accomplish fold fascinated definition evoke keenly length lengthy conscious switch intimacy converse conversation imagery shrink perception adolescent represent enroll assume assumption disapprove rebelliousin-class reading phraseskeep up / make a habit of / walk of life / a body of / be flooded with / turn around / shy away from / attach importance to / characterize as / be credited for / thrive on / Its that counts. after-class reading phrasesact on / get out of hand / if only / be aware of / be conscious of / give thought to / be ashamed of / take seriously Significant sentences 1. In a world too often cold and unresponsive, such notes bring warmth and reassurance. (l.18-19) (2-I)在这样一个习惯于冷漠，无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。 2. We all need a boost from time to time, and a few lines of praise have been known to turn around a day, even a life. (l.19-20) (2-I)我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。3. Throughout his career he has followed up virtually every contact with a cordial responsea compliment, a line of praise or a nod of thanks. (l.30-31) (2-I)在他整个职业生涯中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信，内容亲切一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一段感谢语。4. His notes go not only to friends and associates, but to casual acquaintances and total strangerslike the surprised person who got a warm pat on the back for lending Bush an umbrella. (l.32-34) (2-I)他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人象那位借伞给他的人，后来收到他热情洋溢的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 5. Acknowledging some success or good fortune that has happened during the year seems particularly appropriate considering the spirit of the Christmas season. (l.71-73) (2-I)鉴于圣诞节的氛围，对一年来所取得的成功与得到的好运特意表示一下赞美和祝贺似乎是恰到好处的。 After-class Reading Passage 1 (2-A1) 1. Very neat in appearance, he had that happy-to-be-alive attitude that made even his occasional mischievousness delightful. (l.3) (2-A1)他外表非常整洁，他那乐天派的态度甚至使他那偶尔的淘气也显得那么的可爱。2. I didnt know what to make of it at first, but before long I became accustomed to hearing it many times a day. (l.8-9) (2-A1)起初我不明白他的话到底什么意思，可是每天听他说好多遍，不久我就习以为常了。3. I hadnt asked any of the students to help me watch Mark, but since I had stated the punishment in front of the class, I had to act on it. (l.14-15) (2-A1)我并没有让任何学生帮我监视马克，但是既然我已经当着全班的面说了惩罚办法，我就要说到做到。4. We had worked hard on a new concept all week, and I sensed that the students were growing frustrated with themselvesand edgy with one another. (l. 28-30) (2-A1)我们整整一周都在学习一个新概念，我感觉到学生们开始泄气了，而且相互间变得急躁易怒。5. Opening the billfold, he carefully removed two worn pieces of notebook paper that had obviously been taped, folded and refolded many times. (l.65-68) (2-A1)他把皮夹打开，小心翼翼地拿出两张破旧的笔记本纸。很明显，那纸已经用胶带粘贴、反反复复折叠过很多次了。After-class Reading Passage 2 (2-A2) 1. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of languagethe way it can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. (l.2-5) (2-A2)我用大量的时间来思考语言的力量它是如何唤起情感、描绘视觉图像、阐述复杂的观点或者展示简单的事实的。2. It has become our language of intimacy, a different sort of English that relates to family talk, the language I grew up with. (l.28-29) (2-A2)这已经成了我们的私人语言，一种只和家人交谈时使用的特殊英语，一种伴随我成长的语言。3. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, full of observation and imagery. That was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed things, made sense of the world. (l. 37-39) (2-A2)在我听来，她的语言生动、直接、富有洞察力和意象。就是这样的语言帮助我形成了我看问题、表达思想、认识世界的方式。4. It always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked certain wholeness and soundness. (l.42-44) (2-A2)让我一直不安的是，除了用“蹩脚”这个词，我想不出别的方式来描述它，就好像它是破损的，需要修补，就好像它缺乏某种整体感和完整性。5. Fortunately, I happen to be rebellious in nature and enjoy the challenge of disproving assumptions made about me. (l.79-80) (2-A2)幸好，我生性叛逆，乐于证明人们对我的看法是错误的，我喜欢这种挑战。Unit 3Key words and Phrasesin-class readingapproveassignconstitutebias unintentionalvital heredity appropriately tremendousdiminish dimension assumption obediencebe deprived ofbe incorporated into After-class reading (1)Allocate contempt discrimination disregard disrupt dramatically hopeful essay minority at a disadvantage be accustomed to doing something be in a minority be typical of for ages go too far make a thing of After class reading (2)1. craft 2. differ 3.extract 4,. Origin 5. profession 6. self-centered 7. socialization 8. systemize 9. underlying 10. empathize 11. preference 11. a bunch of 12. go beyond 13. light up 14. pull together 15. put togetherSentences In-class Reading Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable time that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. ( line 1-3)在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. ( Line 4-5)在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了各种行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征的一部分。Research done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. (line 33-35)赛德克夫妇所作的研究显示，教师有时候会按照固有的性别模式给男孩子和女孩子布置不同的任务，这样便不知就不见地使女孩子不能像男孩子一样积极地参与。Since hands-on-work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives. (Line 38-41)既然使用课堂材料动手操作是早期教育的一个重要方面，这些女孩子就这样被剥夺了重要的学习经历，这会影响到她们今后的整个人生。As an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to bys in math up to age of nine fall behind from then on. ( Line 43-46)结果，美国的男孩们确实在阅读上出了问题，而在数学方面女孩尽管在九岁以前一直比男孩强，但此后却落在了他们后面。这成了预言自我应验的一个例子。After class (1)They are allowed to tease the girls and they receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. (line 2-3)他们被允许取消女生，他们作业做得马虎却受到表扬，要是女生做这样的作业就得不到宽容。Boys are accustomed to being teachers pet, an, if girls get anything like equal treatment, boys will protest and even disrupt lessons. (line 3-4)男生们习惯于做老师的宠儿，若女生得到任何一点与男生平等的待遇，男生就会抗议，甚至扰乱课堂教学。In other words, when teachers give girls mote than a third of their time, they feel that they are depriving the boys of their rightful share. (18-19)也就是说，当老师花在女生身上的时间超过三分之一时，他们就觉得自己剥夺了男生应得的时间。But girls can be ignored; their hands can be held up for ages, and their often polite requests for assistance are disregarded as the teacher is obliged to remain with the boys.” (Line 37-39)然而女生的要求会被忽视，她们长时间地举着手，通常很礼貌地请求帮助但老师不予理睬，因为老师必须关注那些男生。Separating boys and girls within schools for certain subjectsrather than a return to single-sex schools-is the most hopeful solution she suggests. (line 57-59)她建议说，最有希望的解决办法是在学校内对某些课程实行男女生分班上课-而不是像过去那样男女分校上学。After-class (2)Emphasizing is the drive to identify another persons emotions and thoughts and to respond to these with n appropriate emotion. Systemizing is the drive to analyze and explore a system, to extract underlying rules that govern the behavior of a system; and the drive to construct systems. (line 3-7) 同情心是一种本能，使人们愿意去发现他人的感情和想法并用适当的情感做出反应；而使事物系统化是另外一种本能，使人们愿意分析和探索系统结构并推导出支配系统功能的基本规则；它同时也是构建系统的本能。But the E-S theory toes beyond such anecdotal evidence to pull together the scientific evidence, and investigate the origins of these differences. ( Line 26-27)但是E-S理论不只是停留在日常见闻所提供的证据上，而是收集整理了科学证据，并研究这些差异的根源。Studies show that when children play together with a little movie player that has only one eye-piece, boys tend to get more of their fair share of looking down the eye-piece. They just shoulder the girls out of the way. (line 29-31)比如说研究表明，当孩子们在一起玩一种只有一个目镜的小型电影播放器的时候，男孩子们总是获得更多的占用目镜观看的机会。All this adds up to a large amount of evidence for a female advantage in empathizing, with at least some biological determinants. ( Line 48-49)所有这些构成了大量的证据，表明女性在同情心方面有优势，其中至少涉及一些生物方面的决定因素。The theory is saying that, on average, males and females differ in what they are drawn to and what they find easy, but that both sexes have their strengths and their weaknesses. ( Line 71-73)这个理论在说，总体而论，男人与女人受到不同事物的吸引，他们擅长做的事情也不一样，但是两个性别却都各自有自己的优点和缺点。 Unit 4 Creativity Key words and Phrasesin-class readingCreativity practically manufacture substance pursue strategy function promote approach resource original sacrifice apply multiplication scorn dismiss appropriate motivation consequence conventional boundary perfect workable beyond ones reach be up to involvein After-class reading (1)appoint manual intervene agenda rear casual relevantFor the sake of on occasion not in the least / not the least / not the least bit find its way into somewhereAfter class reading (2)Illuminate ultimate gain desirable proceed critical cultivation In retrospect date back to feed back to the point Sentences In class Reading1. If Dick Drew had listened to his boss in 1925, we might not have a product that we now think of as practically essential: masking tape. Line 32. It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children, both at home and at school. Line 113. The feeling is that if we teach them to think creatively, they will be better able to function in tomorrows society. Line 134. Creativity is not something one is just born with, nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence. Line 175. Creativity is the matter of using the resources one has to produce original ideas that are good for something. Line 196. , teachers might ask students to think about what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of to the Caribbean area. Line 357. The best strategy is to encourage children by asking them questions, meanwhile praising their ideas and new thoughts. Line 438. Experts say that it is important to create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creativea place where wild ideas are honored and valued, never scorned or dismissed. Line 44Translation: 1. 如果1925年迪克德鲁听从了他老板的意见，也许我们就不会有遮护胶带这种用品了。现在我们几乎离不开它。2. 这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用，而且全国各地的专家认为，对孩子也应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学校。3. 他们认为，如果我们教育孩子进行创造性思维，他们就能在明天的社会中更好地发挥作用。4. 创造性并非与生俱来，也不一定就是高智慧的特征。5. 创造性是指能利用已有的资源想出新点子，而这些点子有助于解决某方面的问题。6. 教师可能让学生思考如果哥伦布首先到达的不是加勒比海地区而是纽约，情况会如何。 7. 最好的办法是通过提问并同时对他们的想法和新点子表示赞赏来鼓励孩子。 8. 专家认为必须创造一个可以自由发挥创造力的氛围，一个尊重和赞赏而不是鄙视或不理会荒诞想法的环境。After-class reading (1)1. The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number printed on it. Line 42. Because of his young age, lack of manual dexterity, and incomplete understanding of the need to orient the key “just so”, he would usually fail. Line 123. He loved to bang the key on the slot and probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds it made, and the physical feelings it gave him, as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot. Line 144. She would then smile somewhat expectantly at Elle or me, as if awaiting a thank youand on occasion, would frown slightly, as if to criticize us as parents. Line 265. But it also became clear to us that we were dealing with totally different attitudes about the preferred behavior for children and the proper role of adults in their socialization. Line 36Translation: 1. 我们房间的钥匙系在一块大塑料牌上，牌上印有房间号。 2. 可是因为他太小，手不灵活，又不完全理解钥匙要放在“正好”的位置才能插进钥匙孔里，所以，他往往放不进去。3. 他喜欢用钥匙砰砰敲打窄孔，也许他从钥匙的撞击声及敲敲打打给他带来的肢体感受中得到的乐趣，不亚于偶尔有几次把钥匙真地插入窄孔时所给予他的乐趣。4. 然后她会有所期待地对埃伦或者我微笑，好像在等着我们感谢她或者有时也会微微地皱起眉头，好像是在批评我们做父母的没有尽到责任。5. 然而，同样明显的是，在希望孩子怎样行事，在孩子融入社会生活时大人应起的作用方面，我们遇到了两种截然不同的态度。After class reading (2)1. He will be happy (those around will be happier), he will learn how to accomplish the task sooner, and then he can proceed to more complex activities, like opening the door or asking for the key. Line 122. He was having a good time and exploring, two activities that did matter to us. Line 213. So long as the child is shown exactly how to do somethingwhether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a rooster, or apologizing for a misdeedhe is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. Line 244. And, more generally, he is less likely to view lifeas many Americans doas a series of situations in which one has to learn to think by oneself, to solve problems on ones own, and even to discover new problem for which creative solutions are wanted. Line 275. Opposed to this tradition is a “transformative” approach, in which the teacher is more of a coach, attempting to elicit certain qualities in her students. Line 47Translation: 1. 他会很高兴（他身边的人会更高兴），他会更快地学会如何完成这项任务，然后他可以去完成更复杂的动作，例如开门或要钥匙。2. 他玩得很痛快并且在探索，这是两件在我们看来重要的事。3. 不管是把钥匙放进钥匙孔，还是画一只公鸡，或者是为做错事而道歉，只要是有人手把手地教孩子如何做某件事，他就不太可能去自己弄清楚该如何完成这一任务。4. 更广义地说，他就不太会像许多美国人那样，把生活看作是一系列的境遇，在这些境遇中，一个人必须学会独立思考，独立解决问题，甚至于去发现新问题，并且用新的方法去解决这些问题。5. 与此传统相反的是“转化”方式。在这种方式中，老师更像是个教练，努力发掘学生身上的某些品质。Unit 5Key Words and PhrasesIn-class reading1. necessarily2. commercial3. deny4. glory5. endorsement5. display6. reinforce 7. eventually 8. constantly 9. scary10. confining11. outweigh 12. criticize13. championship14. set an example15. follow ones lead16. take the place of someone 17. take something too far18. be bound to 19. you name it20. measure up to expectationsSentencesIn-class reading1. We dont necessarily like the same things: Charles loves golf so much he would play at halftime if he could, but I think a golf course is a waste of good pasture-land. (line3-5)我们的爱好不一定完全相同： 查尔斯酷爱高尔夫球，要是可能的话他中场休息时都会打，我却认为把优良的牧地造成高尔夫球场是浪费。2. One of the reasons we get along so well, though, is that we both say whats on our minds without worrying about what other people ar