江苏省灌南高级中学高中英语《M3 U3 Back to the past》 Grammar and usage导学案（1） 译林牛津版必修3.doc

江苏省灌南高级中学高一英语m3 u3 back to the past grammar and usage导学案（1） 译林牛津版必修3learning aims: ability goals: enable students to learn what object complement is and know how to use it.learning ability goals： students are expected to practice and reinforce their understanding of object complement.important and different points: how to use object complement properly.teaching procedures: 第一部分：课前自主学习introduction to object complement.在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为_，简称宾补。 如：i heard jean singing this morning. 句子中的jean显然是宾语。但是主语i听到的并不是jean，而是jean singing。singing 是句子中的_。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是jean执行了singing的动作。 句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在_之后。例：i find learning english difficult. 其中difficult是形容词作宾补。 能够充当宾补的还有：_, _, _, _,_, _，_ 等。i find learning english difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补） i saw the kite up and down. （up and down是副词做宾补） tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）注意：有些动词接宾补时，不定式to必须省略。如：see hear notice watch hear feel observe(感官动词) make have let get(使役动词) help后,带不带to都可以。如果宾语和宾补是逻辑上的动宾关系，则宾补须用过去分词形式。如：jenny hopes that mr. smith will suggest a good way to have her written english _(改善；提高) in a short period. 第二部分 课堂合作学习名词作宾语补足语 常见动词：call, name, think, make, elect, make, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等。如： we call them mooncakes. 我们把它们叫作月饼。 they thought this good advice. we made him _(班长).注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：they elected john chairman of the committee.形容词作宾语补足语 常见动词：make, keep, think, believe, think, get, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut 等。如： at first i found chinese _（难）。 you should keep your room _(干净整洁).。 wed better leave the door_(开着)。介词短语作宾语补足语常见动词：find, keep, take,have等。如： the boy found his pen _(在地板上)。现在分词作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如： can you hear her _（唱歌）the song in the next room? he kept the car_ (等待) at the gate. 过去分词作宾语补足语一、作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 1. 及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。如： i want the letter _ (post). 2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。如： she found her necklace _(go)on her way home. 3. 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。如： when i came in, i found a strange girl _(seat) in the corner. 二、需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 1. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 the father wants his daughter taught the piano. 2. 感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。i saw an old man _ (撞倒) by a car just now. 3. 使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如： have you got your films_ (冲洗)? 4. “ with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如： the murderer was brought in, with his hands _(绑；系)behind his back.（表方式） with water _(加热), we can see the steam.（表条件） with the problem _(解决), we all went home. （表原因） 注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。例如： she stood in front of him, with her eyes_ (fix) on his face. he stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。例如： she felt her heart _ (跳动) fast.三、掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语过去分词”的几种含义 在“ have 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语， have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义： 1. 意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如： he wants to have his eyes_ (检查)tomorrow. 2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如： be careful, or youll have your hands _(受伤). 3. 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。例如： he had the walls _(粉刷) this morning. 四、区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语 一般说来，过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语是动作的承受者；现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语是动作的执行者。试比较： i found him _(躺) on the grass just now. i found him _(撞倒) by a car. 动词不定式做宾语补足语动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，高中范围内，常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型：一、否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do”。例如：my boss told me not to be late again.please remind me not to be late for the meeting.适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：i consider him to be the best candidate. i suppose him to be away from home.适用于“动词+宾语+to be”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。三、有些动词(感官动词和使役动词)后可跟不带to的不定式，句中的不定式作宾补足语。he saw her enter the room. we watched the children play games.适用于“动词+宾语+do”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listen to，look at.注意:这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加to。 a child was seen to enter the building. she was often heard to sing this song.四、help后的不定式可加to，也可不加(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。如：he shouted to me to come over. i depend on you to do it.i am counting on you to help me through.适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：shout to sb.to do，call on sb. to do，count on sb. to do，depend on sb. to do，wait for sb. to do等。六、作宾语补足语的不定式，表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生，就需要用完成形式：he was known to have worked for the international olympic committee.they are believed _(讨论过) the problem.七、作宾语补足语的不定式，表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式：he is believed to be living in mexico.thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.he is thought to _(读书) in the classroom. 间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如： she is said to have been doing this work for twenty years. 第三部分：当堂达标练习1.the murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。 a. being tied b. having tiedc. to be tiedd. tied2._two exams to worry about , i have to work really hard this weekend. a. besides b. with c. as for d. because of 3._our food _, we had to walk to a village for help. a. since; runs out b. because; run out c. with; running out d. for; running out4.when mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed, _ his lips moving. a. as b. with c. for d. through5. -you should have prepared your speech for the meeting , mrs smith . -yes, i know .but how could i _the meeting date fixed so soon . a. while b. as c. after d. with6._ more and more forests damaged ,some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out . a. as b. for c. with d. by7._and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor s help to end her life . a .having given up hope of cure b. with no hope for cure c . there being hope for cure d. in the hope of cure8.john starts to work very clearly in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon _ a break at midday . a. for b. with c. in d. as9. they knew her very well. they had seen her _ up from childhood. a. grow b. grew c. was growing d. to grow10. the teacher asked us _ so much noise. a. causing b. being caused c. to be caused d. to have caused13. -is b