小学英语基础知识.doc

复数 第三人称单数变法一样：1.一般在词尾加-s2.以辅音字母加y结尾的单词改y为i再加-es（如story-stories，dictionary-dictionaries，study-studies）3.以元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加-s（如stay-stays）4.以o结尾的词一般情况加es（如potato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，do-does，go-goes，hero-heroes）某些现代英语产生的名词加-s（ 如photo-photos）以o结尾，但结尾为两个元音字母的词加-s （如zoo-zoos） 5.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加-es（如box-boxes，fish-fishes，watch-watches）6.动词不规则变化：have-has7.名词以f或fe结尾的词改f或fe为v再加-es（如thief-thieves，leaf-leaves）过去式变法：（过去分词与1-6相同）1.一般情况：直接加-ed2.以e结尾的直接加-d（如practice-practiced，live-lived）3.以辅音字母加y结尾的单词改y为i再加-ed（如study-studied）4.以元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加-ed（如stay-stayed）5.以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed（如stop-stopped）6.不规则变化：由古英语所产生的动词，它们的过去式和过去分词是不规则的，因其使用度很高而一直沿用到今天。如am,is- was, are-were 物主代词主格物主代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词I MeMyMineYou YouYourYoursHe HimHisHisSheHerHerHersItItItsItsYou YouYourYoursweUsOurOurstheythemtheirtheirs 六年级上册期末复习题1答案：一，1.right 2.mine 3.us 4 .first 5.different 6.mice 7 .cries 8.carries 9.those 10.second 11.her 12.beginning 13.children二，选择题： 1.C2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.C8.C9.B10.B以下节日请同学们一定要记住并要求会写 1月1日元旦（New Years Day) 春节 The Spring Festival 正月十五元宵节 The Lantern Festival 3月8日国际妇女节International Womens Day或Womens Day 3月12日植树节 Tree-Planting Day 4月1日愚人节April Fools Day 4月5日清明节Tomb-sweeping Day 5月1日国际劳动节International Labour Day(或Labour Day) 农历五月初五端午节the Dragon-Boat Festival 6月1日 国际儿童节International Childrens Day或（Childrens Day）8月1日中国人民解放军建军节Army Day 农历八月十五中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival 9月10日中国教师节Teachers Day 10月1日中华人民共和国国庆节National Day 5月第二个星期日母亲节Mothers Day 6月第三个星期日父亲节Fathers Day 11月最后一个星期四美国感恩节Thanksgiving Day 12月25日圣诞节Christmas Day Seasons 六年级一班：马可欣There are four seasons in a year: spring , summer ,fall and winter.Spring is my favorite season, the sky is blue, the grass is green , everywhere are the colorful flowers. Birds are singing ,butterflies are dancing , children are laughing . We often fly kites in the sunny days . It makes us so happy !Its very hot in summer . We cant play too long outside . so we often play indoor activities .For example : swimming , listening to music, and read in the bookstore etc .sometimes ,if my mom thinks Im good enough I will be permitted to play computer games for one hour. Because of the hot weather , I like eating watermelons and ice-cream. At night , I like to look up in the sky and watch millions and millions of stars , every star stands for one of my dreams.Fall is a harvest season, In the countryside ,you can see all kinds of fruit trees with all kinds of juicy fruits and miles and miles golden wheat field . in such a case , I cant help singing for our happy life .I like snowy days in winter . Its very cold but very beautiful . The whole world is like a bride in the white wedding dress. I like to play with snowballs in the garden ,and make snowmen with my friends, we always make three snowmen . They look like a family.I love every season in a year .译文：季节一年又春，夏秋冬四个季节。春天是我最喜欢的季节，蓝蓝的天，绿绿的草, 到处都是烂漫的花。鸟儿鸣，蝴蝶舞，孩子们在欢笑。我们经常会在晴天放风筝。那使我们很开心。夏季炎热， 我们不能在外边长时间的玩，所以我们经常参加一些室内活动 ，比如室内游泳、听音乐、在书店看书， 等等如果妈妈看我表现的好，就让我上网玩一个小时。因为天气炎热，我爱吃西瓜和冰激凌。晚上，我喜欢仰望星空，一颗星星代表我的一个梦想。秋天是收获的季节，在乡间，你可以看见硕果累累的各种果树。和绵绵的金色麦田，这种情况下，我不由为我们的幸福生活而高歌。我喜欢冬季的雪天，冬天很冷，但很美。整个世界就像一个披着婚纱的新娘。我喜欢和朋友们在院子里打雪仗，堆雪人。我们总是堆三个雪人，他们看上去就像一家人。一年里的每一个季节我都喜欢。 我的家 六年级一班：马雪莹我有一个幸福的家，我家有四口人，爸爸，妈妈，我和妹妹。我是一个活泼的女孩，我喜欢运动，我经常和男孩子打篮球，踢足球。所以我有时身上具备男孩子的性格。作为女孩子，我和大部分女孩一样，我也喜欢小动物，我有一个可爱的小兔子宠物，它白白的毛茸茸的，我给它起名为雪球。我还喜欢收集贴片，许多贴片都是老师给发的奖品。我的妈妈，家里的女王，是个美丽的女人，他喜欢唱歌，跳舞和购物，他照顾一家老小，所以，全家人都听她的。换句话说，她是我家的最高领导。和我妈妈一样，我爸爸也是个技工。在我心里，爸爸就是个绅士，他乐于助人，关爱家人，我从没见过他和我妈妈吵架。他总是能帮我解决我解决不了的数学问题。我很尊敬他。最后一个要给你介绍的就是我的妹妹。她是我家的中心，每个人都很爱她，因为她是那么的小，只有三个月大，她是那么的可爱，他现在都开始试着和看她的人说话了。如果我是帆船，我家就是我的港湾，我爱我的港湾，我爱我的家。 The two holidays I love best 六年级一班： 石佳卉 Christmas and Spring Festival are the two holidays I love best.When talk about Christmas, the first picture in my mind is a fat, old man in red clothes and a red hat. He has white mustache and always smiles to us. We call him Christmas Father who puts gifts into childrens socks on Christmas Eve. The story brings children good dreams on Christmas Eve and surprise on the next morning. Christmas Day is the most important day in western countries. Its like Spring Festival in China. All the family members will get back, and celebrate together during Spring Festival. We put on new clothes, eat dumplings and set off firecrackers. But for the kids, I think the most exiting thing is to get lucky money. Its different from western culture. You will ask, why Chinese parents give money to their kids in Spring Festival? I heard an old story about it from my mom. She told me that long long ago, theres a monster named “sui”, he always hurt little kids when theyre sleeping at night during Spring Festival. An old couple wants to protect their grandson, so they put some money besides the kids pillow, then it worked. ”sui” never hurt their grandson again. After that, Chinese people start to use this way to protect their kids. Thats why we still get lucky money today. Nowadays, in our country, more and more young people celebrate Christmas Day. Some people also invite guests to have a party in their house. But some old people have different ideas. They dont think celebrating foreign festival is a good thing. They are afraid that young people will forget our own traditional festival. In my opinion, Christmas Day brings us happiness and some fresh ideas different from ourselves. I like it. Of course, Spring Festival is still the most important festival in China.译文：我最喜欢的两个节日 六一班石佳卉春节和圣诞节是我最喜欢的两个节日。说到圣诞节，首先引入我眼帘的就是穿着红衣服、带着红帽子的一个胖老头。他长着一脸白胡子、笑眯眯的，我们叫他圣诞老人。他会在圣诞节前夜将礼物放进孩子的袜子里。这个故事给了孩子们圣诞前夕的憧憬，以及第二天早上起来的惊喜。圣诞节在西方国家是最重要的一天，就像中国的春节一样。春节那天所有的家庭成员都会回家一起庆祝春节，我们会穿新衣服、吃饺子、放鞭炮。但对于孩子来说，我想最令人兴奋的事莫过于得到压岁钱了。这和西方文化不同。你可能会问：“中国父母为什么要有春节给孩子压岁钱呢？”我妈妈曾经告诉我一个古老的故事。她说很久很久以前，有一个叫做“祟”的怪物，曾经在除夕之夜伤害熟睡的小孩子。一对老夫妇为了保护他们的孙子，便在孩子枕边放了一些钱，这便起了作用。“祟”再也没有伤害他们的孙子。从此之后，中国人开始用这种方式保护他们的孩子。这就是今天压岁钱的缘故。现在， 我国越来越多的年轻人过圣诞节，一些人还要请客人们到家中聚会庆祝。但一些老人有不同的想法，他们认为庆祝外国的节日不是一件好事。他们怕年轻人会忘记自己的节日。我认为圣诞节能够给我们带来快乐，以及不同于以往的新鲜观念。我喜欢它！当然，春节仍然是中国最重要的节日。 Rain as I know 姚玥鑫I like rainy days, I like walking with my little umbrella in the rain. Looking at the falling raindrops and I keep thinking: where does the rain come from?This term, MissChen gave us a lesson, in this lesson I found the answer. It concerns about the water cycle. The sun shines and the water in the river gets hot and becomes vapour , the vapour goes up high and gets cold the little water drops get together and formed clouds ，the water drops get bigger and bigger , heavier and heavier , they fall down as rain. I am very happy that I solved the problem which consult me for a long time with my knowledge. MissChen told us, rain water is the source of the life but because of the pollution the acid effect our life badly. So we should protect our environment.I collected more interesting information about rain. Here I want to share with you . Have you ever heard of showers of frogs and fish? Well ,they do happen. sometimes the very strong winds suck up the animals from lakes and rivers and then throw them onto the ground with the rain.There is another saying about rain, It goes back to 17th century, in England ,after a storm , a lot of animals were found dead everywhere, some people thought they had come down with the rain . that is why people say its raining cats and dogs.Thats all I know about the rain.译文：我所知道的雨 我喜欢雨天，我喜欢打着小伞在雨中漫步，看着坠落的雨我一直在想：雨是从哪里来的呢？ 这学期，陈老师给我们上了一节课，在这节课里我找到了答案，这牵扯到水循环：太阳照耀着大地，江河里的受热变成水蒸气，水蒸汽上升变冷凝结成小水滴，形成了云，云中的水滴越来越大，越来越重，变成雨落下来。我很高兴用我的知识解决了一个困扰我很久的一个问题。陈老师告诉我们水是生命之源，但因为污染，酸雨已严重的影响了我们的生活。所以我们应当保护环境。 我还收集了一些关于雨的趣谈，在这我想和大家分享一下，你听说过蛙鱼雨吗？不过确实有过这种事。有时大风把江河里的动物吸出来，然后有伴着雨把他们扔到地上。另外有一种说法：这要追溯到17世纪，在英国，一次暴风雨后到处都是动物的死尸，人们说那是雨带来的。那就是为什么有了Its raining cats and dogs .的说法。这就是我所知道的雨。语音知识字母是组成单词的最小单位。每个字母都有一个名儿，叫字母名称音。英文字母表 A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z音素是字母在单词中的发音，最小的语音单位。辅音是指发音时受到发音器官的阻碍发出的音。清辅音是指发音时声带不震动的音。浊辅音是指发音时声带震动的音。p- t- k/c/ck- f/ph- s/c- b- d- g- v- z/s/es- th- sh- ch- tr- ts- h/wh- th- s/g- j/g- dr- ds- w/wh- m- n- n/ng- l- r- y- 常见辅音字母组合:bl- br- cl- cr- fl- fr- gl- gr- pl- pr- sl- sm- tw- qu- 元音是指发音时不受到发音器官阻碍而发出的音。单元音：分为长元音和短元音。a- e/ea- i/y- ee/ea/ee- o/(w)a- al/or/(w)a- u/o- ar/a- oo/u- oo/u- er/or- ir/ur- 双元音：有两个单元音组成，发音时前长后短，前重后轻，前清晰后模糊。ie/igh/y- ai/ay/ey/ae- oy/oi- ow/ou- oa/ow/oe- ear/eer- ear/air- ure/oor- 音标是音素的书面符号，有一个音素就有一个相对应的音标符号。-或-/音节就是由一个或几个音素组成的语音单位。开音节分两种,绝对开音节和相对开音节。 绝对开音节指的是以元音字母结尾的音节。 相对开音节是指辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母+不发音e 的音节 ( re除外 ) 在开音节中, 元音字母发他们在字母表中的音（即字母名称音）。闭音节是指单个元音字母+辅音字母（r w y 除外）结尾的重读音节。重读闭音节三要素： 1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母； 3.元音字母发短元音。元音字母的几种读音。字母开音节闭音节r音节a cakegamedate mapcatbag carfarmstarte weheshe deskbestred hertermfatheri bikekiterice bigfishchick firstbirdshirto gohomesmoke dogboxhot fortysporthorsewordactorcoloru useunitusual duckcupmum turnhurtnurse音节划分及重读技巧朗读单词按音节，要以元音为标准。一般规则要记住，一个元音一音节。两元拼成双元音，也要看做单音节。两个元音双音节，重音落在前音节。加上前缀a，re等，重音落在后音节。两个辅音紧挨着，中间分开各一个。三个元音多音节，重音多在倒数三。无元音的 ，也能独立成音节。清音浊化： 后面的清辅音要读成相对应的浊辅音。sk- sp- st- str- sky skirt sport spoon stand story street straight失去爆破：英语中有三对互相对应的爆破音 - - - ，这6个爆破音任何两个相邻时，前一个辅音失去爆破，即只有口型没有声音。blackboard bookcase handbag doctorA big pig a fat cat a good book过去式和过去分词A. 原型，过去式，和过去分词完全不同（A.B.C型）drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sungsink-sank-sunk blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grownknow-knew-known throw-threw-thrownfly -flew-flown take-took-taken shake-shook-shaken drive-drove-driven mistake-mistook-mistakenwrite-wrote-written rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden speak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken wake-woke-woken eat-ate-eaten choose-chose-chosen draw-drew-drawn forget-forgot-forgottenfall-fell-fallen give-gave-given hide-hid-hidden see-saw-seen do-did-done go-went-goneB. 过去式与过去分词完全相同(A.B.B型)bright-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-fought buy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caught sell-sold-sold tell-told-told say-said-said teach-taught-taughtpay-paid-paid send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spentburn-burnt-burnt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant feel-felt-feltsmell-smelt-smelt sleep-slept-slept sweep-slept-slept leave-left-left keep-kept-keptbuild-built-built lose-lost-lost get-got-got meet-met-metsit-sat-sat shoot-shot-shot lead-led-led have-had-had hold-held-held make-made-made stand-stood-stoodhear-heard-heard find-found-found dig-dug-dug shine-shone-shoneunderstand-understood-understood win-won-wonC.原型与过去分词相同(A.B.A型)come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-becomeD.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同(A.A.A型)cast-cast-cast cut-cut-cut put-put-put set-set-set cost-cost-cost hit-hit-hit let-let-let shut-shut-shuthang-hung-hung (吊，挂) lie-lied-lied (说谎) lay-laid-laid(置放)hang-hanged-hanged (处绞刑) lie-lay-lain (躺下，位于，平放) E. 原型与过去式相同(A. A. B.型)beat-beat-beaten英语中常见的感叹句由what引出的感叹句其基本结构是“what+a an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”：What a clever boy he is! 他是多么聪明的孩子呀！What a good heart you have! 你的心肠真好!What an interesting book it is！这是多么有趣的书呀！What a good time the children are having! 孩子们玩得真高兴呀！若其中的名词为复数或不可数名词，则不用不定冠词：What clever boys they are! 他们是多么聪明的孩子呀！What beautiful floweres they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！What bad news it is! 这是多糟糕的消息呀！在一定的语境中，若语义明确，名词前可以不用形容词：Oh, what a wind! 啊，风真大！What a fool he is! 他真是个笨蛋！另外，感叹句中的主语和谓语有时可以省略：Oh, what a fine day! 啊，多好的天气!What great fun! 多有趣啊！【注意】(1) 有时感叹句句末可能跟有不定式或动名词等结构：What a joy being with you! 和你在一起真是令人高兴！What a joy to have you with us! 有你和我们在一起真令人高兴!Oh, what a mistake it is to have come! 啊，来这里是个多大的错误呀!(2) 该结构中的形容词不能是表数量的many, much, little, few，遇此情况要用how，即使它们后面跟有名词：How many books he has! 他的书真多！How much money he gave her! 他给了她好多钱呀！How little money I have! 我的钱多么少呀！How few friends he has! 他的朋友真少！比较：What a little box it is! 多小巧的盒子呀！（该little不表示数量）2. 由how引出的感叹句基本结构是“how+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”：How tall the man is! 这个人真高！How beautiful the girl is! 这个女孩真美！How slow he drives! 他开得真慢!How tired he looks! 看上去他是很累了！How well you look! 你气色真好!My hobbies I like English very much . I work hard at it .I read English every morning. I read speaking English.I often listen to the radio. I watch TV only on Saturday evening .Idont like dancing. But I like drawing and singing.My parents loveme .And all the teachers and my friends like me, too. My hobbies make me happy.My family Here is a photo of my family .There are four people in my family.They are my father , my mother ,my brother and I . My father is a doctor ,He works in a hospital far away. He goes to work by subway. My mother is a teacher.She works in a school near my home. She goes to work by bike.After work , they like reading books .Who is the tall boy ?He is my brother .He is five years older than me . He is a singer. Hes now in Beijing. He goes there by plane . My familyI have a small family .There are three people in my family : my father , my mother ,and I .我有一个小家，我家有三口人，爸爸，妈妈和我。My father is a boss, he is always busy with his work. Because he needs to make money for the whole family. 我的爸爸是个老板，他总是忙于工作，因为他要为我们全家挣钱。My mother is a housewife . every day she cooks meals、sweeps the floor、does the dishes and helps me with my home work.我的妈妈是个家庭主妇，她每天都做饭，扫地，刷碗，还要辅导我的功课。I am a student, I study hard. Im very busy with my lessons, but Im so happy!我是学生，我很用功，我的功课很忙，但我很快乐。like many families .my family is very normal ,but I feel very happy in such a family ,because my father ,my mother and I ,we love each other and support each other. 像很多家庭一样，我的家庭很普通，但我生活在这样的一个家庭感到非常的幸福。因为爸爸，妈妈和我，我们相亲相爱，互相支持。 I love my family！我爱我的家！形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。一、原级 形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构：1.表示比较的双方相等，用”asas”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”，即A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B. eg. John is as tall as his brother.2.表示比较的双方不相等，用”not asas”结构，表示“前者不如后者”，即A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B.eg. John is not as tall as his brother.二、 比较级 当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.eg.Jackie is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackie.三、最高级 三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围.(注意: 形容词最高级前面要加定冠词 the)e.g. Jackie is the tallest in our class. or Jackie is the tallest of all the students.四、比较级的几种用法：1. 表示倍数， A+be+数词+times+形容词比较级+than+Beg. Our room is twice larger than theirs.我们的房间是他们的两倍大。2. 表示大多少，多多少，高多少等，A+be+数量词+比较级+than+Beg. She is two years older than me.她比我大两岁。3. 用比较级表示最高级，A+be+比较级+than+any other+单数名词，或者，A+be+比较级+than+the other+复数名词eg. He is taller than any other students in the class.他比班上其他的同学都高。4. 两个中比较的，A+the+比较级+of the twoeg. He is the cleverer of the two.他是这两个中比较聪明的。5. 越来越 More and more一般和动词get, become（变得）连用eg. He is getting more and more handsome.他变得越来越英俊。She is becoming cle