高考非谓语动词考点解析.doc

高 考 非 谓 语 动 词 考 点 解 析湖北省蕲春县第一高级中学 范晶 非谓语动词历来是高考考查的重点。纵观历年高考试卷中有关非谓语动词的考题，可以发现高考对非谓语动词的考查主要是从以下几个方面来进行的：1 作状语时，doing, having done, being done , having been done 和done的区别（1） doing表示非谓语动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，且表示一个主动的动作。例如：The students left the hall, laughing and talkingHearing the news, we jumped with joy. (几乎同时发生)（2） having done表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生，且表示一个主动的动作，一般不作定语。例如： Having finished his homework, he went to bed（3） being done表示一个正在进行的被动动作。常作定语，宾语，宾补等，但很少作状语。（4） having been done表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生，且表示一个被动的动作。例如： Having been told that some guests were coming, they got the room ready（5） done一般表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生或同时发生, 且表示一个主动的动作。例如： Given more time, Ill do it better. （之前）Supported by a young man, the old lady stood up. （同时）高考题示例：例1（2005全国II）“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran解析：根据Janet与run之间的主动关系可排除A； to run一般表示目的或结果，也可排除；ran 是谓语动词形式，其前应加上and才对，故B为正确答案。例2(2005湖北)_ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated解析：根据Australia与 separate 之间的被动关系可排除B；A表示“正在被分开”，故答案是C，表示该被动动作发生在谓语动作has之前。例3（2005上海）_ into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put解析：根据hotline与putinto use 之间的被动关系可排除B和C；D表示“正在被使用”，这与in April 2000是矛盾的，故A为正确答案，put是过去分词形式。 2作定语时，done, being done和to be done的区别先看例句：This is a problem discussed. 这是一个已经讨论了的问题。（已经完成的被动动作）This is a problem being discussed. 这是一个正在讨论的问题。（正在进行的被动动作）This is a problem to be discussed. 这是一个将要讨论的问题。（将要进行的被动动作）高考题示例：例：(2004 浙江) Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known解析：knowing表示主动首先排除A；being known表示“正在出名”； to be known 表示将要出名；known表示已经出名，故B正确。3作感官动词的宾补doing, (to) do和done的区别Did you hear anyone singing in the next room ? 你听到有人在隔壁唱歌吗？(主动、正在进行)Did you ever hear anyone sing the song in English? 你曾听过有人用英语唱过这首歌吗？(主动、已经完成或动作的全过程)Did you hear the song sung in English? 你听过这首歌用英语唱过吗？(被动、已经完成)高考题示例：例：(NMET1994 ) The missing boys were last seen _near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play解析：由于题干是被动语态，所以首先排除C; A 表示正在进行的动作，符合语境were last seen 的要求；D表示全过程，这不合逻辑；此题相当易错选B, 但是to be doing不可能作感官动词的宾补或主语补足语，故A为正确答案。4作宾语时，doing与to do的区别（1)只能用ing形式作宾语的动词常用的有：dislike / delay / deny, mind / miss (错过), enjoy / escape (逃避) / excuse, practise / pardon / permit, suggest / stop / stand(忍受), consider , keep, advise / admit / acknowledge(承认) / allow / appreciate (欣赏、感激) / avoid (避免)，risk(冒险) / resist(抵制) / recommend(建议); finish / forbid, imagine。为了巧记这些动词，取他们的首字母拼成dmepsckarfi(谐音为“弟妹不吃咖啡”)（2)只能用to do作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, aim, choose, dare, decide, decline(拒绝), refuse, desire, determine, fail, offer, expect, hope, wish, manage, plan, pretend, promise, seek, tend, threaten等。（3）既能用ing形式又能用to do作宾语的动词分两种情况：1）象like, love, prefer, hate; begin, start; continue; intend, attempt(试图),bear(忍受)等词用ing形式和to do作宾语时意义相同。例如：He started learning/to learn English at the age of three2）意义不同的动词有：remember / forget regrettry meango onwant / need /require高考题示例：例：(2005北京)When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leavingD. arriving; to leave解析：remember not leaving意思是“记得没有离开过”，remember not to leave意思是“记住不去做某事”；而整个题干的意思是“当被警方询问时，他说他记得参加了舞会，但是不曾离开过”。故C正确。5ing形式作伴随状语与不定式作目的状语的区别作伴随状语的ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号；而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。例如：She wrote to the editor, hoping that the editor would be able to help herShe reached the top of the hill and stopped there to rest on a big rock高考题示例：例：（1991全国）The secretary worked late into night, _a long speech.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing解析：首先从逗号可以排除D；又由于the secretary与prepare是主动关系来排除C；再根据非谓语动词prepare的动作和谓语动词work同时发生，而不是后发生，所以选B。6-ing形式和不定式作结果状语的区别-ing形式作结果状语表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中，其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句；而不定式作结果状语通常表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。例如： A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.=, which thus resulted in an increase I production.He hurriedly finished his breakfast and went running to the station, only to find the train had left half an hour before.高考题示例：例1 （2005山东）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching解析：A是谓语动词可以首先排除；D一般不作状语也可排除；B作结果状语表示一定逻辑的结果，正合题意；C作目的状语时往往指意外的结果，故正确答案是B。例2（2004福建）The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be toldC. tellingD. told解析：首先根据The news reporters 和tell的被动关系排除A和C；不定式一般表示一个出乎意外的结果，to be told符合语境，故B正确；而过去分词一般不作这样的结果状语。7非谓语动词的否定式-ing形式否定式由“not/never +-ing”构成，不定式的否定式由“not/never to do”构成。例如：I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.Not having done the work well, we decided to try again.The patient was warned not to eat oily food after the operation.高考题示例：例：(2004广东) _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed解析：本题考查ing的否定式。首先根据complete与have to stay 的动作先后确定ing用完成式，再根据-ing的否定式可确定正确答案是C。8. 非谓语动词的复合结构(1) 不定式的复合结构：由“for/of sb to do” 构成，在句中一般作主语和宾语。例如：It is necessary for us to start at onceIt was cruel of him to beat the poor child(2) 动名词的复合结构：(以Tom为例)由“Toms doing”或“his doing”构成，在句中一般作主语和宾语。Toms being ill made his mother worriedYour coming here will help us a lot作宾语时，也可以用“Tom doing” 或“him doing”形式He insisted on his sons /son going on to collegeWould you mind my/me opening the window？(3) 含不定式或分词的独立主格结构：由介词“with+ 宾语+to do/doing /done”构成在句中一般作定语和状语。He sat under the tree with his eyes looking upward and his fingers crossedWith so many eyes fixed upon her, the girl was too nervous to say anythingWith a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time注意：介词有时可以省略。例如：Well surely get the first prize with you to join us tomorrowThe driver seeing a tree lying across the road ahead, the bus was stoppedIt being a fine day, they went out for a walk高考题示例：例1（2002上海春）With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settlingC. to settleD. being settled解析：本题考查独立主格结构，难度极大。A项的settled表示“问题已经被解决了“，这与下文的is having a hard time相矛盾；D项的be settling表示“问题正在被解决”与下文也是矛盾的；而to settle的意思是“将要解决”，用主动形式表示被动意义，因为settle的动作执行者在句中出现，故答案是 C。例2（2005安徽）I really cant understand _ her like that.A. you treatB. you to treat C. why treatD. you treating解析：understand的用法是接-ing作宾语没有接不定式做宾补的用法，故排除B；you treating是动名词的复合结构，当然也可以用your treating 形式，故D正确。巩固练习1(2005上海)ore and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. having been taken2(2003全国)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked3(2004湖北)_ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. CompareB. When comparingC. Comparing D. When compared4(2005湖南)_ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. DressedB. To dressC. DressingD. Having dressed5（NMET 1994）The first textbooks _for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written6.(NMENT2000) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying out C. carried outD. to carry out7. (2005天津) I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have sounded8(2005上海)He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost9(2005上海) It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours