高职考语法主谓一致.docx

高职考语法主谓一致【考点聚焦】对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容：1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。2、由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但并列主语如果指的是同一人（事物）具有两身份，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer has come. The poet and the writer have come.3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.4、主语后面跟有 with， together with， but， along with， like， except， besides， including， in addition to， rather than， as well as 等加名词或代词构成的短语时，谓语动词的形式通常和这些短语前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：I， as well as they， am ready to help you.我和他们都乐意帮助你。A woman with two children is coming.一个妇女带着两个孩子走过来了。Nobody but Tom and Mary was there.只有汤姆和玛丽在那里。An expert， together with some assistants， was sent to help in the work.一位专家和几位助手被派去协助这项工作。No one except my parents knows anything about it.例如：The women with two children is my aunt .5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。6、集体名词如 family， team， group， class， club， public ，population等用作主语时，如果侧重一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果侧重集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：His family isnt very large.他家人口不多。His family are all music lovers.他家的人都喜欢音乐。The audience was enormous.观众人数很多。The audience were greatly moved at the words.听了这话，听众都很感动。但要注意一词， The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants . 7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 纽约时报8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数. 集体名词如 people， police， cattle （牛），等用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；works （工厂），means （方法）单复数同形看含义 The police are on the track of the criminal.警察正在追捕那个罪犯。The cattle are eating grass on the pasture.牛正在草场上吃草。Every means has been tried.每一种方法都试过了。The chemical works is located in the suburb of the city.那个化工厂位于城市的郊区。9、“the +形容词” 表示一类人(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the black，the dead ，the living，the brave 等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数。例如：The rich are not always happy.有钱的人并不总是快乐的。The old are taken good care of.老年人受到了很好的照料。10、each 和由 some， any， no， every 构成的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each of us has something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说。Someone wants to see you at the door.门口有个人想见你。Nobody knows it.没有人知道这件事。11、有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.12、表时间、距离、重量、金额等度量衡的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。One hundred miles was covered in a single night.一夜走了 100 英里。Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.允许有三个星期的时间做必要的准备。13、不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone.14、“分数或百分数 of 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式要与 of 后面的名词在数上保持一致；“Half（the rest，Part） of名词”作主语时谓语动词的形式要与 of 后面的名词在数上保持一致；例如：About 70 percent of the workers in that factory are young people.那些工厂 70 的工人是年轻人。Only three-fifths of the work was done yesterday by them.昨天他们只完成了五分之三的工作。Part of the work has been done by us .Ten percent of the apples were bad .15、由连词notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。Neither you nor he is to blame. Not only the students but also the teacher has to memorize the text.16、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。There is a book， two pens and three pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。Here are a few envelopes， a pen and some paper for you.这儿有几个信封、一支笔和一些纸给你。 17、“ a number of 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式：“ the number of 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：A number of books have been published on the subject.有关这一学科的书出版了许多。The number of the books published on the subject is simply amazing.有关这一学科的书，出版的数量简直惊人。18、“one or two +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。19、 many a 单数名词 (许多) ； more than one 单数名词(不止一)作主语，但谓语动词还是用单数。注意： “more than +基数词复数名词”结构或“more 复数名词 than one做主语时，谓语用复数。Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.More members than one are against your plan.20、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.He was the only one of the students who was late for school.【技巧点拨】中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空，翻译句子，单句改错，短文改错、同义句转换，时态填空等。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。【考例剖析】例 1：Each of the students_ a dictionary.(2004资阳)A. have B. is C. are D. has剖析：此题意思是“每个学生都有一本字典”，所以先排除B、C 。句中of students作each的定语，真正的主语是each，故又排除A 。答案：D例 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津)A. have B. has C. is D. are剖析：Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。答案：B例 3： Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. (2004南通)A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone剖析：由not onlybut also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词根据就近原则同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。答案：D例 4：Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.(2004包头)A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers剖析：句子的主语a number of deer。当a number of + 名词作主语时，谓语用复数。因此首先排除C、D，而deer单复数相同，所以B也不正确。答案：A例 5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _ letters.because it is faster.(2005云南)A.prefer, to writing B.prefer，to writeC.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write剖析：姓氏名词用复数且前面加上定冠词时，表示一家人或一对夫妇。作主语时，谓语用复数。再如：The zhous live upstairs.(姓周的那家住在楼上)。此题答案应在A、B中选，而短语prefer to中的to是一个介词，故又排除B。答案：A例 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began.(2005黑龙江)A. was B. is C. are D. were剖析：根据主、从复合句时态一般要一致的原则，本题首先可排除B、C，而主句主语含有except等时，其谓语的单复数取决于except前边的名词的单复数，所以D答案也不正确。答案：A例 7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.(2005重庆)A.were B.is C.are D. was剖析：根据就近原则，应排除A、C，而题中单词now表明现在，所以D也不正确。答案：B例 8：Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything _.(2005江西)A. are changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed剖析：根据“不定代词作主语，谓语往往用单数”这一点，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change属于不可数名词，它没有被动语态，所以B也不正确。由since引出的一个含具体过去时间的句子，主句用现在完成时。答案【实地演练】I. 改错：1. Both paper and ink is used up.2. Eating too much are bad for your health.3.This pair of shoes are my brothers.4. Each of the boys have a dictionary.5 Every one of the students in Class Two have two books .6.I think maths are very difficult to learn.7. A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.8.The mother with two children often go to the town.II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空9. _ (be) everything OK?10. Nobody _ (know) the answer to the question.11. Ten divided by two _ (be) five.12. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River.13. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises every day.14. Either you or she _ (have) made a wrong decision.15. The family _(be) spending the weekend together.16. Bread and butter _ (be) her daily breakfast.17. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.18. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. 选择填空。( )19.There _ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy.A. is B. arent C. isntD. are( )20. -These bananas look different and they are sweet.-Right. They _ here from Taiwan yesterday.A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought( ) 21. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years.A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five( ) 22. Look, here come some _.A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow( ) 23. The injured in the tsunami _ good care of by some medical teams.A. is taken B. are being takenC. are taking D. is being taken( ) 24. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited.A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made( ) 25. On the closet _ a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday.A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid( ) 26. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. is B. was C. are D. were( ) 27. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries.A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are( ) 28. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A. is B. was C. are D. were( ) 29. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays?-I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also( ) 30._ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B( ) 31.The paper for books and new papers _ made of wood.A. are B. is C. has D. have( ) 32. Not only my brother but also I_ good at painting. Both of us _good painters.A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is( ) 33. _ of them has his own opinion.A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each( ) 34. Are there any _ on the farm?A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep( )35. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted.A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has( ) 36. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is( ) 37. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is( ) 38. Not only he but also we _ right. He as well as we _ right.A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are( )39. What hed like _ a digital watch. What hed like _ textbooks.A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is( )40. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue.A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are( ) 41.-Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were( ) 42.He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time.A. has come; have come B. have come; has comeC. has come; has come D. have come; have come( )43. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present?A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is( )44. Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _ studied animals and plants in the last two years.A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are( )45. A knife and a fork _ on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are( )46. Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night.A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were( )47.The box of rubbers _ white.A.is B.are C.be D.were( )48._ he or you to come home?A.Is B.Are C.Will D.Can( )49.The writer and teacher _ coming now.A.is B.are C.has D.have( )50.The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him.A. both B. none C. neither D. all( )51.Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time.A. be B. is C. are D. were( )52.How and why Jack came to China _ not known. When and where to build the new library _ not been decided.A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have( )53.Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing( )54.Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.A. is B. are C. were D. be( )55.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was( )56.Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child _ about it.A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks( )57.We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points.A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has( )58.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A. is B. was C. are D. were( )59.Most of the houses _ this year.A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built( )60.My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A. race B. races C. is raced D. is racing( )61.There _ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.A. are B. is C. has D. have( )62.The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night.A. is B. are C. were D. was( )63.Climbing hills _ of great help to health.A. is B. are C. were D. be( )64.There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper.A. is B. are C. was D. were. 根据中文，完成英语句子。65.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。_ of us_ seen the film.66.我的茶杯里没有水了。_ is _ water in my cup.67.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。_ he _ I is going there.68.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。_ the students nor the teacher _this matter.69.我们家正在一起度周末。_ family _ spending the weekend together.参考答案I. 1.is改为 are 2.are改为 is 3.are改为 is 4.have改为 has5. have 改为 has 6.are改为 is 7.has 改为have 8.go 改为goesII. 9. Is 10.knows 11.is 12.is 13.do14.has 15.are 16.is 17.are 18.was; were. 19-23 BBBCB 24-28 CBBDB 29-33BDBBD 34-38 DCBAB39-43 CDABB 44-48 ACBAA 49-53 ACBAD54-58 AABDB 59-64 DBBDAA. 65. Neither, has 66. There, no 67. Either, or68. Neither, knows 69. Our, are初中英语语法代词代词：1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格i(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如：Ioften go shopping on sundays.(星期天我常去购物)/ Aretheyfrom brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？)/ where havetheygone?(他们上哪儿去了？)/ thatsit.(就那么回事)/ itshe!(是他！)2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：who teachesyouenglish this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？)/ helpme!(救救我！)/ we often write letters toher.(我们常给他写信)3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：-who is it?(是谁？)itsI/me.(是我。)1. 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“youhei”的顺序表达。如：bothheandIare working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) youandme.(你和我)1. 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：-whats the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)its fine.(天气晴好)/ -whats the time?(几点啦？)its 12：00.(12点)/its a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路)/ittook him three daysto clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)/itis very clearthat the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空)/ we founditvery difficultto learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)3、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：is thatyourumbrella?(那是你的伞吗？)/ i often go to seemyaunt on sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨)/ they aretheirbooks.(是他们的书)2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：this is your cup,but where ismine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？)/ your classroom is very big, butoursis rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)3、“of+ 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：a friendof minecame to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)试比较 myfriend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)4、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：dont play with the knife, you might hurtyourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：the storyitselfis good. only he didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)1. 指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。单数复数含义this(这个)these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个)those(那些)指较远的人和物such(这样的人/物)指上文提过的人和物same(同样的人/物)指和上文提过的相同的人和物it(这人/这物)指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如：whatsthis?(这是什么？)/thatmodel plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句)/ remember never to dosuchthings.(记得永远不要做这样的事情)/ do thesameas the teacher tells you.(按老师说的做)/ -who isit?(是谁？)-its me!(是我！)6、关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。1、关系代词who、which、that、whom等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。如：the studentwho is drawing a pictureis in grade one.(正在画画的学生是一年级的)2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：do you know the manwho is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？)3、关系代词which指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：have you found the bookwhich you lost several days ago?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？)4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：can you see the man/dogthat is runni