江苏省连云港灌云县第一中学高中英语 unit 2 The Environment 语法学案2 新人教版必修5.doc

江苏省连云港灌云县第一中学高中英语必修五：unit 2 the environment 语法学案2【学习目标】-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随【自主学习】1.作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句 (常同连词when, after, while, once, until等连用)注：当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，可以和when, after 等引导的时间状语从句互换1.hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =when they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。2having received his letter, i decided to write back. =after i had received his letter, i decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2. 作原因状语being a student, i must work hard.=because i am a student, i must work hardbeing so angry, he couldnt go to sleep=because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。 having been to the great wall many times, he didnt go last week. = 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。3. 作条件状语working hard, you will succeed. =if you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。putting more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious=if you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more deliciousbeing given more attention, the trees could have grown better. = 4. 作伴随状语：they came into the classroom, singing and laughing. = the students came in, _(follow) their teacher. my cousin came to see me from the country, _ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits.5. 作结果状语当现在分词短语用来表结果时，可以和as a result 引导的结果状语从句互换。也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句the factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty.=the factory keeps releasing smoke,（非限制性定语从句）=the factory keeps releasing smoke._ the air is made dirty. she does exercise for an hour every day, causing her to keep a slim figure. =she does exercise for an hour every day, _her to keep a slim figure. =she does exercise for an hour every day，_,she keeps a slim figure.4. 作让步状语 -ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if, though 连用。如though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.=although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。注意：. 1.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换为相应的状语从句。2.现在分词的否定式中，否定词not 必须放在最前面。现在分词的否定形式 not + 现在分词（完成的否定式not 放在having之前）not knowing how to dye the silk red, he went to her for help.not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.3. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。 time permitting, i will stay for another week.=if time permits, i will stay for another week. the boy was knocked over, blood streaming down his head. all the tickets having been sold out, we had to wait for the next weeks show. nobody being in, i didnt enter the hall4.现在分词做独立成分： 有些分词可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯用法。 这些短语有：generally/frankly speaking 一般来说/坦白来说 judging from/by 由.来判断taking all things into consideration从各方面来说supposing providing/provided given 假设,假如,设想 considering认为 concerning/regarding 关于according to 按照 talking of 谈到 speaking of 说到 telling the truth 和你说实话eg: generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. judging from his accent, he is a new comer.supposing he wont pass the exam, what should he do ?according to his report, the situation is getting serious.1. generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.【练习】1. their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. a. to cause b. causing c. caused d. cause2. i was in the bathroom, not _ the knock at the door. a. hear b. to hear c. hearing d. heard. 3. after seeing the movie, _. a. the book was read by him b. the book made him want to read itc. he wanted to read the book d. the reading of the book interested him. 4. the next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead. a. lying b. lie c. lay d. laying5. there was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed6. the secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. a. to prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. was preparing7.“cant you read?” mary said_ to the notice.a. angrily pointing b. and point angrily c. angrily pointed d. and angrily pointing8. _ a reply, he decided to write again. a. not receiving b. receiving not c. not having received d. having not received9. the car burns more fuel, but _all things into consideration, it is still a good car.a. taken b .having taken c. taking d. to take现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态 1) 完成主动式having finished her homework, she went to bed.having heard this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能做定语用2) 一般被动式表示正在发生的被动动作，在句中作定语或状语。the car being repaired is mine. the car which is being repaired is mine.being repaired, the c