Unit 1 翻译的概念与性质.ppt

UnitOneIntroductiontoTranslation TeachingContents AnintroductiontothecourseoftranslationTeachingAims Tomakestudentsawareofwhatthecourseisabout TeachingFocus ThenatureofthetranslationandthewaytolearntranslationTeachingMethods DiscussionTeachingApproaches Multi mediaaided TeachingProcedures TeachingPlan Questionsfordiscussion 1 Whatistranslation 2 Whatisthenatureoftranslation 3 Howmanycategoriesdoyouthinktranslationcanbedividedinto andwhatarethey 4 Whatarethecharacteristicsoftranslation 5 Whatarewegoingtolearninthiscourse 6 Whatistranslationtheoryandwhataretranslationtechniques Whatistherelationshipbetweenthem 7 Asatranslator whatcompetenceshouldyouhave 8 Howcanwelearnthecoursewell BabelTower Genesis 创世纪 TheOldTestament Definitionsoftranslation 早期的翻译理论 P1 认为 翻译是将一种语言 源出语 SourceLanguage 转换成另一种语言 目的语 TargetLanguage 或接受语 ReceptorLanguage 而意义保持或大抵保持不变 如 著名英国学者约翰逊博士 Dr SamuelJohnson 1709 1784 给翻译的解释为 Totranslateis tochangeintoanotherlanguage retainingthesense Definitionsoftranslation 1 Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguage firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle 2 Thereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage SL byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage TL 所谓翻译 是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息 首先是意义 其次是文体 翻译可作如下界定 用一种语言 目的语 的文本材料对等地再现另一种语言 出发语 的文本材料 Definitionsoftranslation 3 Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition 译文应完全复写出原作的思想 译文的风格和笔调应与原语的性质相同 译文应像原文一样通顺流畅 Definitionsoftranslation 4 Translationisreproducingthemeaningofonelanguageinanotherlanguagesoastocommunicatewiththepeoplespeakingdifferentlanguages Meanwhilepeoplecanexchangeideas transmitcultureawareness stimulatesocialcivilization especiallystimulatethedevelopmentandprospectofthecultureofthetargetlanguage 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来 以达到沟通思想情感 传播文化意识 促进社会文明 特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的 Definitionsoftranslation 5 Translationisnotsimplyamatterofseekingotherwordswithsimilarmeaning butoffindingappropriatewaysofsayingthingsinanotherlanguage Translatingisalwaysmeaning based i e itisthetransferofmeaninginsteadofformfromthesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguage 翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语 而是寻找表达事物的适当方式 翻译始终立足于语义 也就是说 是语义从源语到译语的转换 而不是形式 Definitionsoftranslation 翻译的过程就好比交通工具的换乘过程 两者之间有诸多相似之处 交通工具换乘过程 内容 人员 内容 人员 载体 运输工具1 载体 运输工具2 翻译过程 内容 信息 内容 信息 载体 源语 载体 译语 Definitionsoftranslation 中国学者的一些观点 翻译是将一种文字之真义全部移至另一种文字而决不失其风格的神韵 吴献书 1949 翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动 张培基 1980 翻译的实质是语际的意义转换 刘宓庆 1990 翻译的定义应该是 将一种语言传达的信息用另一种语言传达出来 蔡毅 1995 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动 王克非 1997 翻译是语际之间的信息传递和语族之间的文化交流 萧立明 2001 Thenatureoftranslation Translationisanart science craft Thenatureoftranslation A Whenreferredtoasubjectofcurriculum translationisascience justasanysubjectis withitsownrules lawsandprinciplesforthetranslatorstoabideby B Whenreferredtosomespecificpiecesoftranslation itislikeanart witheachpiecemanifestingitsowncharmsandstyleinthecreativehandsofthetranslator C Whenreferredtoaprocess inwhichsomethingistranslated itisacraftorskill Forunlikeanybranchofnaturalscience theprocessoftranslationhasitspeculiarity andnoneofitsrulesandprinciplesareuniversallyapplicable Besidesitentailsalotofpractice particularcraftsmanshipandskillswhicharedisplayedbytouchesofdifferenttranslators Categoriesoftranslation A Intermsoflanguages itcanbedividedintotwocategories Fromnativelanguages sourcelanguages intoforeignlanguages targetlanguages orviceversa B Intermsofmode itcanbedividedintooralinterpretation writtentranslationandmachinetranslation C Intermsofmaterialstobetranslated thereistranslationofscientificmaterials translationofliteraryworkssuchasnovels stories prose poetry drama etc translationofpoliticalessayssuchastreatisesonsocialproblems reports speeches etc andtranslationofpracticalwriting asofficialdocuments contractsandagreements notices receipts etc D Intermsofdisposal itcanbeeitherfull texttranslation 全文翻译 abridgedtranslation 摘译 oradaptedtranslation 编译 Characteristicsoftranslation A Youhavetoexpresswhatotherssayorwrite B Translatorshavenorighttocorrectoralterwhattheoriginalwriterhaswritten suchasthecontent thestructure thestyle theselectionofwords etc Youhavetotranslateintheoriginalstyle withtheoriginalfeeling Noalterationisallowedwhentranslating C Translatorshavetounderstandtheoriginalworkormaterialsfullybeforetranslating Theprocessforatranslatortoworkis a Tounderstandb ToexpressinthetargetlanguageD Toavoidtheinterferenceoftheoriginallanguage Differentlanguageshavedifferentcultures differentwaysofexpressingideas Thecollocationofwords sentencestructures figureofspeechintheoriginallanguagemaybedifferentfromthoseinthetargetlanguage Soatranslatorshouldnotonlytrytosticktotheoriginalmeaningbutalsomakeyourtranslationmeetthecustomaryexpressionsinthetargetlanguage Learningcontents Wearegoingtolearntranslationtheory translationtechniques What smore wearegoingtodomorepractice fortranslationabilityisnotgainedthroughlearning butthroughpractice Duringthetranslationcoursewearegoingtopracticeonthetranslationofwords sentences paragraphs passagesaswellasarticlesorwritingsofdifferentstyles typesorforms Sothiscoursewillbestudent centered notteachercentered Translationtheoryandtechniques 1 Translationtheoryreferstothestudyoftheinternalinherentlawsoftranslation thefindingoftheproblemsoftenmetwithintranslatingandthesolutionstothem Italsohelpspeopletounderstandthelawsandsolvedifferentkindsofproblemsintheirtranslation 2 Translationtechniquesrefertotheexperiencethatpeoplehaveaccumulatedintheirlong timetranslatingwork whichincludediction 选词用字 amplification 增词 omission repetition conversion restructuring 重组 negation 正说反译 反说正译 division 长句拆译 etc Translationtheoryandtechniques diction 选词用字 e g It sacrimeyoudidn tfinishschool crime 并不是 罪行 而是 使人感到遗憾的事 不许他给我们集体脸上抹黑 We renotgoingtolethimbringshameonourcollective Translationtheoryandtechniques like Helikessurf riding 他喜欢冲浪运动 动词 Itdoesn tlooklikerain 天不像要下雨的样子 介词 Likeknowslike 英雄识英雄 名词 Ican tcooklikeyou 我的烹饪水平不如你 连词 Theteachercannotcitealikeinstance 老师一时举不出类似的例子 形容词 Likeenoughitwillsnow 很可能要下雪了 副词 Translationtheoryandtechniques amplification 增词 e g IcouldknitwhenIwasseven 英语knit是不及物动词 可以单独使用 汉语 织 为他动词 使用时后面应该有宾语 故译为 织毛衣 Formistakeshadbeenmadebadones 因为已经犯了许多错误 而且还是很严重的错误 Translationtheoryandtechniques omission 省略法 e g Wherethereisawill thereisaway 有志者 事竟成 省略并列连词 Differentkindsofmatterhavedifferentproperties 不同的物质具有不同的特性 省略名词kinds Translationtheoryandtechniques repetition 重复法 e g Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration 无知是恐惧的根源 也是敬佩的根源 重复作表语的名词 Conversion 词性转换 e g Hespecializesinorientalhistory 他是东方史专家 Translationtheoryandtechniques inversion 词序调整 e g Myunclepassedawayat2 30a m onSeptember12 1988 我的伯父于1988年9月12日凌晨2点30分去世 Translationtheoryandtechniques negation 正说反译 反说正译 e g Givemeliberty orgivemedeath 不自由 毋宁死 Hewastooyoungtojointhearmy 他太小了 还不能参军 Outofsight outofmind 眼不见 心不烦 Shecoulddonothingbutwaitattheairport 她只有在机场等下去 Therelationshipbetweentranslationtheoryandtechniques Translationtheoryreferstothelawstohelppeopletounderstandthelawsandsolvedifferentkindsofproblemsintranslation whiletranslationtechniquesrefertotheexperiencepeoplehaveaccumulatedintheirpracticeoftranslation Techniquesareimportant buttheyarenotpanacea Differentkindsofmaterialstobetranslatedrequiredifferentstressesintheirrendition Forexample scientificmaterialsstresstheirpreciseness novelsandstories theirplotsandcharacters etc Wemustmasterthetranslationtheorytoguideourtranslationwork theteacher sopinion Therelationshipbetweentranslationtheoryandtechniques InthepointviewofEugeneA Nida thefamousAmericantranslator translationpracticewithoutanadequatetheoryproducesonlyhaphazardresults whiletheorywithoutpracticeiscompletelysterile Nida 1969 缺少理论指导的翻译是随意的翻译 离开实践的理论是毫无根据用处的理论 Whatcompetenceshouldyouhave A Tomastertheforeignlanguage thetargetlanguage inordertofullyandcorrectlyunderstandthematerialswhichyouaretotranslate B Tomasteryournativelanguage thesourcelanguage inordertoexpresstheoriginalmeaningwell andalsotofullyunderstandtheoriginalarticlebeforeyoutranslate C Tobewelllearned tolearnasmuchgeneralknowledgeaspossibleinordertoselectthemostproperwordsintranslatingandtomakeyourtranslationmoresmoothandnatural D Tohaveaverygoodattitudetowardsthetranslationwork Thisisalsoveryimportant Youcannevertoocarefulinyourtranslation Onlyinthiswaycanyoudoyourtranslationwell Methodsforlearningthecourse Wehavetolearnthetheoryandthetechniquesoftranslationwell besides wehavetodomuchpractice Onlythroughpracticecanweimproveourabilityintranslation Inthiscoursethestudentshavetobedividedintopairs groupsforclassroomactivitiesandhomework Everyonehastopreviewthelesson takeanactivepartinthediscussionanddothehomeworkasrequiredcarefully Translationpractice A Translationtechniques Translatethefollowingsentences payingattentiontothetranslationoftheunderlinedwords 1 Tomhastherightqualitiesofmindforthejob 2 LinZexuwasonofthegreatestmindsofthatage 3 Mywifehasgonetowork soIhavegotalotonmymindjustnow 4 PleasemindmybikewhileIgointotheshop 5 Don tinterfereinmyaffairs Mindyourownbusiness 汤姆有胜任这项工作的智力才能 林则徐是那个时代最有头脑的人物之一 我妻子上班去了 所以我目前有很多事要操心 我进商店时 请帮我照看一下自行车 别干涉我 管你自己的事 Translationpractice 6 Theknifeisnotsharpenoughtocutthemeat 7 Thereisasharpturntotherightnearby 8 Thereisasharpcontrastbetweenthepoorestandtherichest 9 Thelawyerwastoosharpforme 10 Mrs GreenwasverysharpwithmewhenIwaslateforschool 这把刀用来切肉不够快 附近有一个向右的急转弯 赤贫者和巨富者形成了一个鲜明的对比 那个律师太精明了 我对付不了他 我上课迟到了 格林夫人严厉地训斥了我 Translationpractice 11 Anappleoranorange it suptoyou 12 Weareconfidenttogetridofthosedifficultiessincethegovernmenthaveagreedtogiveussomehelp 13 Hespecializesinorientalhistory 14 Thestoryrootsinalongstory 15 Iamnotastrangerinthecity youcan tcheatme 吃苹果还是吃桔子 你自己决定 既然政府答应给予帮助 我们有信心克服困难 他是东方史专家 这个故事的起源一言难尽 我对这个城市不陌生 你骗不了我 Translationpractice B Theory a Differentexpressionsindifferentlanguages 1 blacktea2 blackcoffee3 openmarket4 opencity5 blacksheep6 inhotwater7 brownbread8 haveaball9 atsixesandsevens10 blackandblue 红茶 不加奶的咖啡 露天市场 自由市场 不设防的城市 害群之马 陷入困境 黑面包 玩得开心 乱七八糟 青一块紫一块 Translationpractice 11 吃亏12 吃苦13 吃不开14 吃香15 吃惊16 我送你回家 sufferlosses bearhardship beunpopular beverypopular bestartled Wrong I llsendyouhome 我要解雇你 打发你回家 炒你的鱿鱼 Correct I llseeyouhome I llescortyouhome I lldriveyouhome I llaccompanyyouhome I lltakeyouhomeinmycar onmybike Translationpractice 17 Theyarethesaltsoftheearth 18 Theyaresixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother 19 Shetalkednineteentothedozen 20 Youmustdoitformeinahundredandoneways 他们是社会的中坚力量 他们是半斤八两 她滔滔不绝地说 你必须千方百计地为我做这件事 Translationpractice b Differentcollocationofwords 1 大风2 大雪3 大浪4 大树5 大楼6 大雾7 大亨8 大师9 大面积10 大扫除11 acrowdofyoungpeople12 aswarmofbees strongwind heavysnow highwave talltree highbuilding thickfog bigshot greatmaster largearea general thoroughcleaning 一群年轻人 一大群蜜蜂 Translationpractice 13 apackofwolves14 adroveofhorses15 afleetoffishingboats16 vice chairman17 associateprofessor18 assistantmanager19 Chinesecabbage chestnut 一群狼一群马一群渔船副主席副教授副经理大白菜 栗子 Translationpractice 20 Chinadu