高一定语从句讲解.ppt

TheAttributiveClause 定语从句 一个美丽的女孩abeautifulgirl 形容词作前置定语 一个穿白色衣服的女孩 agirlinwhite 介词短语作后置定语 一个正唱歌的女孩 agirlissinging who 定语从句 agirl为先行词 定语是句子成分之一 可以由单词 短语或从句担当 对名 代 词修饰和限制 名 代 词称为中心词 形容词作定语一般前置 短语和从句作定语要后置 翻译成 的 另外名词 数词 非谓语动词 短语 介词短语也可以担当定语 LiMingisaboy LiMingisagoodboy LiMingisagoodboy 形容词作定语 介词短语作定语 在复合句中 修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 good withglasses whoiswearingglasses 句子作定语 Complexsentence复合句 由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子 其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分 主句 另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分 如主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 同位语 复合句 主句 定语从句 一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分 主句 另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分 定语 Thestudents whodonotstudyhard willnotpasstheexam 主句主语 从句主语 从句谓语结构 主句谓语结构 Attributiveclause 限制性定语从句restrictive 非限制性定语从句non restrictive 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 这种从句和主句关系十分密切 写时不用逗号分开 和主句关系不很密切 只是对先行词作些附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 这种从句 写时往往逗号分开 Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvited inmyoffice Jenny withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday livesinmynextroom Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain ThatisMr Wang whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool 注意 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that 指人时用who 主语 whom 宾语 指物时须用which 在句子中作定语 修饰名词或代词的从句 这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导 并作句子成分 定语从句还叫做嵌入句 因形容词定语 所以又称之为形容词性从句 Attributiveclause 定语从句的位置 通常在先行词 在主句中 后 定语从句的引导词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 who 主语 宾语 whom 宾语 that 主语 宾语 whose 定语 that 主语 宾语 which 主语 宾语 whose 定语 where 地点状语 when 时间状语 why 原因状语 thehandsome 英俊 thetallthestrongthecleverthesick boy TheboyisTom Theboyishandsome TheboywhoistallisTom TheboywhoisstrongisTom TheboywhoiscleverisTom TheboywhoissickisTom TheboyishandsomeisTom TheboyisTom who 关系代词 先行词 apple theredthegreenthesmallthebig Theapplewhichisgreenisyours Theapplewhichissmallismine Theapplewhichisbigisyours mine yours Theappleisred Theappleismine Theappleisredismine which 先行词 关系代词 TheboyisTom Theboyissmiling TheboywhoissmilingisTom 主语 TheboyisTom Theboyhasaroundface TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom TheboyisTom Hesitsinfrontofme ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom 1 前看先行词 辩清人或物2 若先行词在从句中做主语 宾语或定语则选择关系代词 若在从句中做状语 则选择关系副词 如何选择关系代词 who whom whose which that 关系代词 which who whom that whose 1 who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief 2 whom 1 Theman whom youmetjustnowismyfarther 2 Theteacher whom youarewaitingforiscoming 指人 在从句中作宾语 常可省略 关系代词 3 which指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 What sthatanimalwhichlookslikeabigmouse AweeklaterMaryreceivedthecamera which shehadordered Isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom 关系代词 Heistheman that Itoldyouabout 4 that指人 物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly 关系代词 3 Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue 4 whose 1 MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek 2 Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof ofwhichthe 在从句中只作定语 指人或物 表从属关系 的 若指物 可与ofwhichthe互换 定语 指人或物 WhichbabyisJack 穿红裤子的baby是Jack ThebabyisJack ThebabyisJack whosetrousersarered whoiswearingredtrousers Jack Whichhouseismine 房顶是棕色的房子是我的 Thehouseismine whoseroofisbrown Myhouse Thehouse weliveinisveryold Thosearetheshoes Ilostlastweek Thatistheman foundmyhandbag Lucycan teatfood haschocolateinit Thecar myuncleboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful which that which that who that which that which that 6 Thevillage GuoPenglivesinisveryfaraway 7 Theboy iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever 8 Ihatepeople talkmuchbutdolittle 9 Thedetectivefoundthethieves robbed 抢劫 theBankofHawaii 10 Myauntworksinauniversity hasoverfivethousandstudents which that who that who that who that which that 5 Hetoldherthereason whyheisunhappy butshedoesn tbelievethereason hegivesher A why whyB why whichC that whyD which why Attributiveclause 定语从句的引导词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 who 主语 宾语 whom 宾语 that 主语 宾语 whose 定语 that 主语 宾语 which 主语 宾语 whose 定语 where 地点状语 when 时间状语 why 原因状语 关系副词when where why引导定从 time place reason 修饰时间 修饰地点 修饰原因 1 when at in onwhich作时间状语 Shewillneverforgettheday Shewasmarriedonthatday Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen onwhich shewasmarried Itwastheyear TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear Itwastheyearwhen inwhich theWorldWarIbrokeout Shearrivedwhen atwhichitwasrainingheavily 她12点到达 那时正在下大雨 2 where in at which作地点状语 Iwanttoknowtheplace Iwasbornthere Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere inwhich Iwasborn Thetablewhere atwhich sheissittingisanewone 3 why作原因状语 其先行词常常是thereason Thatisthereasonwhy forwhich I mlate Iknowthereasonwhyhesaidit why forwhich 如何选用定语从句的关系词 1 找出定语从句的先行词2 把先行词带回到定语从句中去 看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分 主语 宾语 定语或状语 3 若先行词在从句中做主语 宾语或定语则选择关系代词 若在从句中做状语 则选择关系副词 Exercise 1 October1 1949istheday thePRCwasfounded whichB whenC thatD onthat2 Isthatthereason youhelphim A whichB whatC whyD forthat 3 Isthistheplace youwereborn A whichB whereC whatD that 4 Isthisthefarm youvisitedlastweek that which 5 Isthistheplace someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear A whichB whereC whatD why 6 Thehouse thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow A whichB whereC whatD that7 Thehouse thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow A thatB whereC whatD why when where why与that which的区分 I llneverforgettheday wefirstmetinthepark I llneverforgetthetime Ispentwithyou I llneverforgetthetime wasspentwithyou Thisisthemuseum Ivisitedlastyear when which that which that which that when where why与that which的区分 Thisisthereason forwhich Ididn tcomehere Thereason shegavewasnottrue why which that 关系代词在定从中做宾语 2 介词 关系代词 引导定语从句 见导与练P59 which that who that whose which that who that whom which whose Ihaveafriend likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress Igaveher Theman legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer Kateisreadingabook istoodifficultforher Thefamily I mstayingwithlivesintown Iknowthestudent articlewaspublished Myparentsliveinahouse ismorethan100yearsold Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake which that whose wh