高考英语时态复习讲义.doc

时态与语态 一、 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态常用时间状语：sometimes/often/usually/always/now/never/seldom/every morning/once a month.表示主语的能力、特征或性能等。表示客观的事实或真理。表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。6. 倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es动词第三人称单数形式变化规则：规则动词原形一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音后读/z/；在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/。)Playplays leaveleavesswimswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。pass passes fixfixesteachteaches wishwishesdodoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/studystudies carrycarriesflyflies1. He_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning.2. He always _(come, comes ) to school on time.3. The No.446 express train _( leave, leaves, will leave) at 7:00 sharp in the morning.4. The earth _(move, moves) round the sun.5. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.6. I will go there when I _(have, will have, has) time tomorrow.7. He wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.8. Ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back.9. Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.10. Here _( comes, come, is coming) the bus.考场再现：1. 【2011全国卷,23】Planing so far ahead no senseso many things will have changed by next year. A.made B.is making C.makes D.has made2. 【2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams to test our communicative ability. A. designB. are designedC. are designingD. are being designed3.【2011四川卷,9】All visitors to this village with kindness.A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated4.【2011重庆卷,31】Look at the pride on Toms face. He to have been praised by the manager just now.A.seemed B.seems C.had seemed D.is seeming5.10全国Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn6.10全国Linda make sure the table _before the guests arriveA. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting7.10上海Every few years, the coal workers _ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had8.10辽宁I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it. A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done9.10北京In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r”sounds at the end of the words_. A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped10.10重庆The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _now. A. remainsB. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained二、一般过去时1. 表示具体的某个过去时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。有具体的表过去的时间状语时使用一般过去时，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。谓语动词使用过去式形式，加ed，分为规则和不规则变化。表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to doing”和“would +动词原形”。时间状语：-yesterday/yesterday morning/the day before yesterday/last week/last month/last year/three years ago/a few days earlier/the other day(=a few days ago)/in 1999/after three months/ two days later/at that time/ just now/ in the past/ in those days/one day/ once / at one time-1.) They _(be, was, were, been) here just now.2.0The scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday.3.)Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Science Museum.4.)When I was a child, I often _(play, played) football.5.)The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).6. )Think over: He works in China now, but he worked in Africa for 8 years. 2.语境中表“刚才”暗示现在不这样。Hello! Tom i didnt know you were here.3. 固定句式： its time./ i d rather./ i wish./ .动词过去式的变化规则：构成规则动词原形一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元音后读/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/id/。looklooked playplayedworkworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikeliked livelivedhopehoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanplanned stopstoppeddropdropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-edstudystudies worryworriescrycries考场再现：1.【2011全国卷II,9】If you dont like the drink you just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered2.【2011北京卷,27】That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it us a whole week to get there. A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking3.【2011北京卷,32】Bob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ? A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave4.【2011山东卷,31】When I got on the bus, I I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizingB. realizedC. have realizedD. would realize5.【2011湖南卷,27】In 1492, Columbus on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. A. lands B. landed C. has landed D.had landed6.10全国Excuse me I_I was blocking your way. A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing7.10湖南This coastal area _a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names8.10四川Youve failed to do what you_to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected9.10重庆The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. Comes10.09全国卷IEdward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano. A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. dont know D. havent known 二、 一般将来时一般将来时, 表示从现在看将来的动作或状态，构成:will,shall+动词原形，其中shall只用于第一人称。be going to +动词原形，表示主观打算，按计划，安排要发生的事情。 be to +动词原形，表示客观安排 be about to +不定式，意为马上要做某事，正要做某事。某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come, go, arrive, leave。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。一般现在时可表示按时间表发生的将来的动作(限start, begin, arrive, end, close, leave-等表示开始或移动意义的词)时间状语：-tomorrow/tomorrow morning/the day after tomorrow/(how) soon/ before long/ by and by/ in an hour/ in five minutes time/ five minutes later/ this afternoon/ next Saturday(week, month, year)/in future/ in the future/ sometime in the future/ some day( one day)-1. I _ (leave, shall/ will leave) for Jinan tomorrow.2.Who can tell me what _(will happen, is going to happen) in the future?3.Mr Smith _(will help, shall help) you if you have any problem.4.It_(is going to be, will be) Wednesday the day after tomorrow.5.The musician _( is going to give, are going to give, am going to give) a concert next week.6.Look, there _(be, is going to be, are going to be) a rain soon.7.We _( meet, will be to meet, are to meet, am to meet) at the airport this afternoon.8.The concert_(take, is to take, are to take, will be take) place in the music hall tomorrow afternoon.9.The concert _(hold, is to hold, is to be held, will to be held) in the music hall tomorrow evening.10.Ladies and gentlemen, the plane _(take, is about to take, are about to take, is soon about to take) off. Please fasten your safety belts.11.We _(start, are going to start, are starting) for Shanghai tonight.12.The train/ concert/ show/film _(start, starts) at six tomorrow.13.【2011湖南卷,34】In the near future, more advances in the robot technology by scientist.A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made14.09陕西Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to15.08全国If their marketing plans succeed, they_their sales by 20 percent.A.will increaseB.have been increasingC.have increasedD.would be increasing16.08北京No decision_about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A.will be madeB.is madeC.is being madeD.has been made17.07北京How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we_what we can do for you.A. seeB.are seeingC.have seenD.will see18.06辽宁I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he_home for dinner.A.comeB.comes C.has comeD.will come19.06福建Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane_.A.takes offB.is taking offC.has taken offD.took off20.06北京 Your job_open for your return. Thanks.A.will be keptB.will keepC.had keptD.had been kept三、 过去将来时（would + 动词原形，或将来时的其它过去构成形式）表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在宾语从句及间接引语中，时态呼应，经常会用到过去将来时。如I thought it was going to be fun. 1.I told my friend that I _(should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon.2.They looked at those clouds over the sky. It_(is going to rain, was going to rain).3.They said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day.4.We _(are about to go, were about to go) out when it started to rain.时间状语：-soon/the next day-that-clause(名词性从句或上下文中-)考场再现：1. 10全国The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made2.09北京The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the serviceA. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated3.09湖南When he_the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open4. 07全国Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A.had toB.didntC.was going toD.wouldnt5.06湖南In a room above the store, where a party_, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be heldB.has been heldC.will be heldD.is being held 四、 现在进行时（am/is/are +v-ing） 表示说话时正在进行的动作。表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行）同always配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。1.I _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now.2.Look, it _(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain.3.He _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.时间状语：-now/these days/ at present/ at this time- 提示动词look/ listen-动词V-ing的构成规则：规则原形一般在动词原形末尾加-inglistenlistening spendspendingstaystaying以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-inghavehaving preparepreparingcloseclosing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ingsitsitting beginbeginningrunrunning putputting以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-inglielyingdiedying以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加-ingpreferpreferringwaterwatering考场再现：1.【2011江苏卷,21】I hear you in a pub. whats it like?Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind.A.are workingB.will work C.were working D.will be working2.【2011重庆卷,21】That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who the piano upstairs?A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing3.【2011湖南卷,22】John, what in your hand? Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandma.A had you held B are you holding C do you hold D will you hold4.【2011辽宁卷,28】Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I .A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing5.10上海The church tower which _will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored6.10天津Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited710陕西It is reported that many a new house_at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built8.10北京-Im not finished with my dinner yet. -But our friends_for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting五、 过去进行时(was/were+ v-ing) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。时间状语: then/ at that time/at this time yesterday/ yesterday evening/last night/ when+时间状语从句)- 1.I _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived.2.What _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening?3.We_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell rang.4.While/ When/ As we_( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the doorbell rang.考场再现：1.【2011全国卷,24】I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just being B.will just be C.had just been D.would just be2.10全国Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No, I _ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do3.10湖南I walked slowly through the market, where people_all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold4.08安徽Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did.You know, my brother_in the match.A.is playing B.was playingC.has playedD.had played5.08湖南I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through.Her brother _on the phone all the time!A.was talkingB.has been talkingC.has talkedD.talked6.08四川The telephone_, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A.had rungB.was ringingC.ringsD.has rung07全国Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.7.Oh, nothing much.In fact, I_of my friends back home.A.have just thoughtB.was just thinkingC.would just thinkD.will just be thinking8.07四川Did you see a man in black pass by just now?No, sir. I_a newspaper.A.readB.was readingC.would readD.am reading9.07福建I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.Impossible.She_TV with me in my home then.A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching10. Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting七、将来进行时(will/shall be doing或be going to be doing) 用法：表示在将来某一时刻或将来某段时间内正在进行的动作，预测按计划在将来某时会发生的事情。强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。时间状语：this/tomorrow evening, tomorrow evening , on Sunday, at this time tomorrow例：Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。） 注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考一般将来时和现在进行时的有关注意事项。1. I will be watching TV in the room at eight tomorrow evening.2. Are you going to be studying this time next week? He will be taking his exams next week.3. - Have you heard from Janet recently? - No, but I her over Christmas. A. saw B. will be seeing C. have seenD. have been seeing4. At this time tomorrow over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly考场再现：1.10福建Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. -How nice! You_a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experiencedC. have been experiencing D. will have experienced2.10浙江If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you_fresh watermelon in the fall. A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating 八、现在完成时（have /has + 过去分词）表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时（间）, for+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作时间状语:1)already/(not)yet/before/recently=lately 2)ever/never/once/twice/many times 3)now/just/today/this morning 4)for/since/so far/ by now=up till now 5)in/for/during the past(last)few years-注意：不能和明确的具体的表过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998, ago等1.We_(have watered, has watered) the flowers already. (暗示The flowers dont need watering now.)2.He _(have been , has been ) to the Summer Palace many times. ( (暗示He is back now.)3.She _(have just gone, has just gone) to the library. (暗示She isnt here now.)4.I _( has lived, have lived) here for more than 20 years. =I _(lived, have lived) here since I moved here 20 years ago. = It is / has been 20 years since I moved here.5.Great changes _(have taken, has taken) place in China in the past 20 years. = There _( has been, have been ) great changes in China in the past 20 years. 考场再现：1.【2011天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced2.【2011陕西卷,12】His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. A.receives B.is receiving C.will receive D.has received3.【2011湖南卷,30】It is the most instructive lecture that I since I came to this school.A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended.4【2011安徽卷, 32】I didnt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk? I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. Had it landed5.10全国When you are home , give a call to let me know you _ safely. A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive.610福建Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _before leaving their hometo