代数部分2.doc

代數部分1.基礎add，plus加subtract減difference差multiply times乘product積divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除數 divisor因數，除數quotient商remainder餘數factorial階乘power乘方radical sign, root sign根號round to四捨五入to the nearest四捨五入2.有關集合union並集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有關代數式、方程和不等式algebraic term代數項like terms, similar terms同類項numerical coefficient數字係數literal coefficient字母係數inequality不等式 triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程 等價方程linear equation線性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4.有關分數和小數proper fraction真分數improper fraction假分數mixed number帶分數vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分數simple fraction簡分數complex fraction繁分數numerator分子 denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction純小數infinite decimal無窮小數recurring decimal循環小數tenths unit 十分位5.基本數學概念arithmetic mean算術平均值weighted average加權平均值geometric mean幾何平均數exponent指數，冪base乘冪的底數,底邊cube立方數，立方體square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用對數 digit數字constant常數variable變數inverse function反函數complementary function餘函數linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolute value絕對值，e.g.-32=32round off四捨五入6.有關數論natural number自然數positive number正數negative number負數odd integer奇整數, odd number奇數even integer, even number偶數integer, whole number整數positive whole number正整數negative whole number負整數consecutive number連續整數real number, rational number實數,有理數irrational(number)無理數inverse倒數composite number合數e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15 reciprocal倒數common divisor公約數multiple倍數(least)common multiple(最小)公倍數(prime)factor(質)因數common factor公因數prime number質數e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15ordinary scale, decimal scale十進位nonnegative非負的tens十位units個位mode眾數median中數common ratio公比7.數列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差數列 geometric progression(sequence)等比數列8.其他approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時針方向cardinal基數ordinal序數direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計，近似 parentheses括弧proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometric function三角函數unit單位,幾何部分1.所有的角alternate angle內錯角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle對頂角central angle圓心角interior angle內角exterior angle外角supplementary angles補角complementary angle餘角 adjacent angle鄰角acute angle銳角obtuse angle鈍角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夾角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等邊三角形scalene triangle不等邊三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle內接三角形3.有關收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentric circles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形 polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長方形regular polygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其他平面圖形arc弧line, straight line直線line segment線段 parallel lines平行線segment of a circle弧形5.有關立體圖形cube立方體，立方數rectangular solid長方體regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面體circular cylinder圓柱體 cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的6.有關圖形上的附屬物altitude高depth深度side邊長circumference, perimeter周長radian弧度surface area 表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股cross section橫截面center of acircle 圓心chord弦radius半徑angle bisector角平分線diagonal對角線diameter直徑 edge棱face of a solid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊included side夾邊leg三角形的直角邊median of a triangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底數)opposite直角三角形中的對邊midpoint中點endpoint端點vertex(複數形式vertices)頂點tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距7.有關座標coordinate system坐標系rectangular coordinate直角坐標系origin原點abscissa橫坐標ordinate縱坐標 Number line數軸quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane複平面8.其他plane geometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內切 intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem畢氏定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的其他相關辭彙cent美分penny一美分硬幣nickel