江苏省高邮市送桥高级中学高考英语一轮复习 Module6 Unit3 Understanding each other Period5 grammar（1）导学案（无答案）牛津译林版.doc

m6 unit 3 understanding each other period 5 grammar(1) learning aims（学习目标）：1. get a general idea of unreal conditionals2. master some usages of unreal conditionals 预习导航【有关资料查一查】fill in the blanks with the proper forms:1) if i _ (have) a chance to go overseas, i would take it.2) should he come tomorrow, i _ (explain) some chinese traditions to him.3) without your advice, i _ (not solve) the problem.4) _we _ (not clarify) our position, they _(misunderstand) us and made the wrong decision. 合作探究【有疑有问议一议】虚拟情况从句时态主句时态与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反巩固拓展【能力升华提一提】grammar【（the subjunctive mood）虚拟语气】一 、概述在英文句子中，谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的并不是事实,而是一种假设,建议或主观愿望。二、本单元重点讲述了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的三种情况：英文句子中谓语动词的语气有三种：a）直陈语气（the indicative mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：he has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。b) _语气（the imperative mood）祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：wait outside until you are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。lets just take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？c)_语气（the subjunctive mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气例如：i wish you _ .但愿你更细心一些。if i _ more money, i_ a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。would you mind shutting the door ? 劳驾您把门关上。 虚拟语气是英语语法中的难点。考生应主要掌握虚拟语气在下列情况下的用法：虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法；在宾语从句中的用法；在壮语从句中的用法；及主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中的用法；在一些特殊句型中的用法等。一。用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气几种情况。条件句分为两种：_条件句和_条件句。与现在事实相违背表示与现在事实相反的假设其基本结构是: 条件句中谓语动词用_(be的过去式用were), 主句用 _.例如：if everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每个国民都懂得急救(的知识)，许多生命就会得以挽救。( 含义是：不是人人都懂得急救,所以很多生命得不到挽救。)if i were you, i wouldnt do it like that.如果我是你的话，我就不会这样做。if i _ time, i would certainly join you in the tennis match. （事实是：我没有时间）我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。if i _, i would put her suggestion into account.（事实是：我并不是你）我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。与过去事实相违背表示与过去事实相反的假设其基本结构是：条件句谓语动词用“_”，而主句谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/might +have + p.p.”. 例如：if the hurricane_during the day-time, there would have been more deaths.如果飓风发生在白天，死亡人数会更多。(事实是：飓风发生在午夜到早晨6点)if we_ that she _ yesterday, we could have met her at the station.如果我们知道她昨天到，就可以到车站接她了。(事实是：我们不知道她昨天到，所以我们没能到车站去接她)if i hadnt been caught by something, i would have come to your party yesterday.(事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了)我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。if he _, he might not_ such a bad mistake.（事实是：他没有听我的建议）要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。与未来事实相违背表示与将来事实相反的情况基本结构有三种： 条件句谓语动词用过去式(be 的过去式一般用were)，主句用should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形， 条件从句的谓语用should +动词原形,主句用should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形； 条件从句的谓语用were to + 动词原形，主句与上同。例如：if it _tomorrow, out plan would be put off.假如明天下雨；我们的计划就得推迟。(最近天气很好) (条件从句中的谓语动词用过去式，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性不大，而如果用一般现在时的话，则表示说话人认为下雨的可能性很大)if he should see me, he would tell me.假如他看见我，就会告诉我。( 用should + 动词原形强调一种有偶然实现的可能性，其现实性比用were to + 动词原形大，比过去式 + 动词原形小)if he were to come, what should we say to him?假如他来了，我们对他说什么呢？(用 were to +动词原形比较正式，多用于书面语中，表示实现的可能性很小) if i_to try it, i would do it in another way. （假设的情况不大可能发生）要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage. （说话人不希望假设的情况发生）即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。熟悉并掌握好下面的基本句式： 条件从句 主句与现在事实相违背过去式（动词是be用were）should / would + 动词原形 与过去事实相违背had + 过去分词would / should + have +过去分词与未来事实相违背1) should + 动词原形2) were + 动词不定式3) 过去式（动词是be也可以用were）would / should + 动词原形需要注意以下几点： 1. 省略if的几种情况, 当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时，就将这样的词had、should、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如：if you were the manager here, what would you do?=_, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？if he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. =_, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。if we had time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park=_，we would be glad to go to the park如果能抽出时间，我们很乐意逛公园。if it were not for the discovery of electricity, the modern world would experience great inconvenience=_，the modern world would experience great inconvenience假如没有发现电，现代世界将很不方便。2 含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句.1）.用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with，without，but for等如：we couldnt have succeeded without your help(=if we hadnt got your help).but for the rain(=if _)，we would have finished the work. _air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。_ your help, the little boy would have been drowned. 要是没有你们的帮助，那个小男孩早就淹死了。we could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。2）用不定式短语来替代条件句。如：it would be only partly right to do it in this way(= if we do it in this way.)3）用定语从句代替条件句。如：a nation which stopped working would be dead in a fortnight(=if a nation stopped working, it would be dead in a fortnight.4）用一个副词或连词but / otherwise / or等表示虚拟条件和真实情况交织在一句中如：he telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or(=if he hadnt telephoned to inform me of your birthday)i would have known nothing about it. there_ a terrible accident, but he braked the car before it was too late= if he hadnt braked the car before it was too late. he would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .（本句中的上下文是：but he just came back from his business trip，表示：要是他在家没出差的话）他本来早就来看你了，可他却出差刚刚回来。but that you helped me, i _ in the experiment. （本句中的上下文是：but that you helped me，表示：要不是有你帮助我）要没有你帮助我，我的试验本做不成功的。5）用分词短语或独立主格结构来替代条件句如：_(=if everything had been taken into consideration)，they would have raised their output quickly.given more time, i could have done it better.6) 由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。例如：suppose(=supposing/assuming /assume/ providing/provided) you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?3.be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用were。如：if he _ you，he would go at once.4.主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would，could以及might可以用于各种人称5.在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would，could和might等如：if it _ rain tomorrow，we would not go camping.(should rain也可以用rained，were to rain代替)6. 错综时间非真实条件句中的虚拟语气在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如：1）if i _ you，i wouldnt have missed the film last night如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。）2）if he_ the doctors advice，he would recover already如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）3) if the boy _ this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now .如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。4) if the machine _, we would have used it in our last experiment. 要是这台机器情况良好，我们上次就将它用于试验了。5)if you _ visit hainan in two days, i could arrange for some of my friends there to meet you at the airport. 假如你过两天去海南，我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整课堂训练【学有所得练一练】 1. everything _ if albert hadnt called the fire brigade.a. will be destroyed b. will have been destroyedc. would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed2. i _ you some money, but i hadnt any on me then.a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent3. _ today, he would get there by friday. a. if he was leaving b. if he leaves c. if he were to leave d. if he is leaving4. supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? a.were to sink b. has sunk c. was sinking d. sunk5. -you can ask your brother for help. -he isnt at home. if he _, i _.a.were, would b. is, would c. is, will d. were, will6. -if he_, he _ that food.-luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.a. was warned; would not take b. had been warned; would not have takenc. had be warned; had not taken d. would have been warned; had not taken.巩固练习1. if there were no subjunctive mood, english _ much easier.a. will be b. would have beenc. could have been d. would be2. if i _ you, id join the army.a. amb. wasc. wered. would be3. if he _ tomorrow, he would find mr wang in the office.a. comesb. will comec. should comed. come4. if it _ next week , the crops would be saved.a. rainsb. will rainsc. would raind. should rain5. if i _ it, i would do it in a different way.a. were to dob. doc. had doned. was to do6. supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go ?a. isb. will bec. wered. be7. if he had worked harder, he _.a. would succeedb. had succeededc. should succeedd. would have succeeded8. if he _, he _ that food.a. was warned; would not takeb. had been warned; would not have takenc. would be warned; had not takend. would have been warned; had not taken9. if my lawyer _ here last saturday, he _ me from going.a. had been; would have prevented b. h