英文写作绝招.doc

李阳疯狂英语全国教学总部 （内部培训资料）英文写作绝招摘录（内部使用）第一部分：“万能公式”开头万能公式1 开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理！ 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that 2 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪来得及统计，但编无妨，只要有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9 of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. （根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85的大学毕业生在毕业后都想继续进修。）看起来这个数字文绉绉的，其实都是编出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编： Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that 结尾万能公式1 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信大家都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find that 2 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。 Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 第二部分：写作的“六项基本原则”：一、 长短句原则 工作还得一张一弛呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不成功？一定要牢记！ 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、 主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三、 一 二 三原则 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1）first, second, third, last（等级：） 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（等级：） 3）the first, the second, the third, the last（等级：） 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（等级：） 5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（等级：） 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（等级：） 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（等级：） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally （等级：）9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 四、 短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 五、 多变句式原则 1）加法（串联） 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角） 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so） 讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4）附加（多此一举） 附加就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I dont enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语-要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 6）排比（排山倒海句） 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏） 六、 挑战极限原则 原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！ 第三部分：写作必备35句句型一： the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read) the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。句型二：Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 句型三： cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。） 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。句型四：There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否认的.） 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 句型五：It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.）例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 句型六：There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.） 例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 句型七：An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的优点是.） 例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 句型八：The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 句型九：So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致于.） 例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 句型十：Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V （虽然.） 例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。句型十一：The+er+S+V,the+er+S+VThe+more+Adj+S+V,the+more+Adj+S+V（愈.愈.）例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。句型十二：By+Ving,can（借着.，.能够.）例句：By takingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。句型十三：enable+Object（受词）+to+V（.使.能够.）例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。句型十四：Onnoaccountcanwe+V（我们绝对不能.）例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。句型十五：Itistime+S+过去式（该是.的时候了）例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。句型十六：Thosewho（.的人.）例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。句型十七：Thereisnoonebut（没有人不.）例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege.没有人不渴望上大学。句型十八：be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不.）例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。句型十九：It isconceivablethat+句子（可想而知的）Itisobviousthat+句子（明显的）Itisapparentthat+句子（显然的）例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。句型二十：Thatisthereasonwhy（那就是.的原因）例句：Summerissultry.ThatisthereasonwhyIdontlikeit.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。句型二十一：Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.）例句：Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingfortheexamination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。句型二十二：Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。句型二十三：Itpaysto+V（.是值得的。）例句：Itpaystohelpothers.帮助别人是值得的。句型二十四：bebasedon（以.为基础）例句：Theprogressoftheesocietyisbasedonharmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。句型二十五：Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的）例句：Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。句型二十六：bringhometo+人+事（让.明白.事）例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。句型二十七：becloselyrelatedto（与.息息相关）例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth.做运动与健康息息相关。句型二十八：Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V（养成.的习惯）Weshouldgetintothehabitofkeepinggoodhours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。句型二十九：Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,（因为.）例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。句型三十：Whata+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!（多么.！）例句：Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!Howimportantathingitistokeepourpromise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事！句型三十一：Leavemuchtobedesired（令人不满意）例句：Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuchtobedesired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。句型三十二：Haveagreatinfluenceon（对.有很大的影响）例句：Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。句型三十三：dogoodto（对.有益），doharmto（对.有害）例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.读书对心灵有益。Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作过度对健康有害。句型三十四：Poseagreatthreatto（对.造成一大威胁）例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。句型三十五：doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest（尽全力去.）例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。第四部分：写作常用的连接词及名言和谚语写作常用的连接词：“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.” 上面这句话不错，只是转折词“for example”不妥当；应该这样： “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.” 不然就要换一换转折词，改用“such as”或“like”： “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.” 不管任何语言，转折词（transitional words）都扮演着一个重要角色，就是：承先启后，使句子紧凑，段落相吸，对文章结构，有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯，结果文句松散，上下文七零八乱，应该避免。 现在把主要转折词，分类列下，供大家参考。 表示“尤有进者”的意思： Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等，如： Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot. English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology. 表示“反意见”： But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等，如： Jim is intelligent but lazy. Singapore is not a big country. On the contrary, it is very small. 表示“困果关系”： Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等，如： Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy. Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed. 表示“比较关系”： Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等，如： You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice. No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class. 表示“举例示范”： For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等，如： There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use he to replace the queen. 表示“结束”： To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等，如： Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not. 常用的名言和谚语Better early than late.宁早勿迟。Honesty and diligence should be your eternal mates.诚实和勤奋应成为你永远的伴侣。Early birds catch worms.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。Every coin has its two sides. 有利有弊。Every man has his his taste.人各有所好。Every rose has its thorn.每朵玫瑰都有刺。Good things stay indoors while bad things will go far away.好事不出门，坏事传千里。It is never too late to learn.学习永远不嫌晚。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。Health is better than wealth.健康胜于财富。a friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。Every advantage has its disadvantages.有利必有弊。Every little makes a nickel.积少成多。Self-trust is the first secret of success.自信是成功的第一秘诀。No pains , no gains.不劳无获。Parents are the first teachers of the children.父母是孩子的第一任老师。Different strokes for different folks.各有所好。He that lives with cripples learns to limp.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。All bread is not baked in one oven.任何事情都有利有弊。Father is one hundred headmasters.一个父亲胜过百个老师。All work without play makes jack a dull boy.只干活不放松，聪明的孩子会变傻。Never put off until tomorrow what can be done today.今天的事情今天干。Think thrice before we leap.三思而后行。A friend is easier lost than found.朋友易失不易得。Time waits for no man.时不待人。Look before you leap.三思而后行。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。Life is irreversible.生命只有一次。No sweet without sweat.苦尽甘来。引用名人名言及谚语时，可使用如下句型：Just as the saying goers: “No garden is without weeds”, computer games have also some disadvantages.正像常言所说:“没有无杂草的花园”，计算机也有一些不足之处。As the proverb goes: “Every coin has its two sides”, television has both advantages and disadvantages.正像谚语所说：“任何硬币都有两面”，电视既有优点也有缺点。第五部分：写作中使用率最高覆盖面最广的基本句式以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的12个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。 1表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3）The reason for this is obvious 4）The reason for this is not far to seek 5）The reason for this is that 6）We have good reason to believe that 例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life There are three reasons for this这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。 2表示好处 1）It has the following advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 3）It benefits us quite a lot 4）It is beneficial to us 5）It is of great benefit to us 例如： Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us 3表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages 2）It does us much harm 3）It is harmful to us 例如： However，everything divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television 4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sbto do sth 2）We think it necessary to do sth 3）It plays an important role in our life 例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age 5表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with 例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it 6表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education 例如： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins 7表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in 5）However，thats not the case 例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment 8表示比较 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV 3）There is a striking contrast between them 例如： Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly，they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise 9表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased）fromto 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compa