unit5导学.doc

Unit 5 Danger and SafetyUnit 5 Danger and Safety单元知识梳理重点短语be aware of stay away fromget prepared look out forin case lie downtake cover go to the doctorsdeal with on firestay calm on the waybe worried about give sb. a handdo sb. a favor help sb. outin an emergency free of chargebe familiar with fight against not. any more turn to a short break keep. In orderpay attention to sneak up to重点句型Can you help me / give me a hand / do me a favor?Would you mind helping me out?Help is on the way.Whom should I turn to?I left candles burning and forgot them.Now I know our flat is full of accidents waiting to happen.By the time they had finished, we got a few surprises.A terrible idea, as my sister explained.It goes to show you can never be too careful.重点语法祈使句的结构和用法词汇扩充picnicn. 野餐first-aidn. 急救bloodyadj. 流血的leanv. 倾斜pinch v. 捏bonyadj. 多骨的releasev. 放松applyv. 应用，贴敷，申请chokev. 有物哽于喉中victimn. 牺牲者、受伤者maneuvern. 演习、策略expelv. 驱逐breathev. 呼吸examinevt.检查、测试as soon as possible 尽可能快stop a bloody nose 止住流鼻血treat a cut finger治疗手指割破treat chocking 治疗喉咙被异物梗塞. Warming-up, Listening & Speaking 教材导学1. Ask for help: possible responses:Could you help me/give me a hand/ Sure/certainly/OK do sb. a favour? My pleasure/no problem. Would you mind helping me out? You can call 110/119/120.What should I do ? Stay calm and collected/ dont overact.Is somebody around to help? Please get out of there as soon as possible.Whom should I turn to?2. Go to the doctors. the doctors 后省去了clinic（诊所）。英语中常把名词所有格后的家、住所、学校、诊所、商店等名词省去。 例如： I called at my uncles yesterday. 昨天我去了叔叔家。3. Help! My house is on fire! 我家着火了！ on fire 意为“着火”，put out 意为“把火扑灭。 例如： The boy put out the fire and the fire wasnt on. 那个男孩子把火扑灭了，火不再着了。4. Lie down 躺下，躺倒lie vi. 躺；位于 vi. 说谎 n. 谎言 注意区别：lay vt. 放，产卵，下蛋。详见下表：动词原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie躺；位于laylainlyinglie说谎liedliedlyinglay放；下蛋；产卵laidlaidlaying例如：“I lay awake all night thinking of you,” he lied to me.他对我撒谎说：“一想到你，我躺在床上一整夜都没睡着”。The boy lied to his mother that the hen laid an egg.小男孩骗他妈妈说母鸡下了个蛋。5. Please try to stay calm and tell me your name and address.请尽量保持镇静，告诉我你的姓名和住址。try to do sth. 尽力（量）做某事；试图做某事注意区分 manage to do sth. 尽力成功地做某事例：The boy managed to escape from the house while it was on fire. 当房子着火时，这个男孩子成功地从里面逃了出来。try doing sth 试着做某事例: Can you try solving this maths problem in different ways?stay calm 保持镇静，这里stay 为联系动词，相当于remain 和keep的用法。例如：stay silent 保持沉默 stay still 保持不动 stay quiet 保持安静Shops should remain open till late in the evening.商店要营业到很晚。We must keep calm when facing difficulties.面对困难时我们一定要保持冷静。6. Help is on the way.on the way 在途中与 way 相关的短语及用法：(1) on the /ones way 在路上，在途中；在某人去.的路上例如：I met Mary on my way to school. 我在去学校的路上遇到了玛丽。(2) in a way, 在某种程度上，从某种意义来说： 例如：In a way you are right。 从某种意义上说你是对的。(3) in the/ ones way, 妨碍（某人）： You are in my way.你挡着我了。 Dont stand in the way. I cant see the blackboard. 别挡着我的视线，我看不见黑板了。(4) by the way, 顺便提一下（插入语，改变话题时使用）： 例如：By the way, have you met Bill before? 顺便问一下，你以前见过比尔吗？(5) in this way 以这种方式例如：in this way, he collected a great many stamps.用这种方式，他收集了大量的邮票。其他：no way 不行，没门 in no way 绝不，一点也不 all the way 一直，完全的，一路上，至始至终 lose ones way 迷路 by way of 由，经过7. I left candles burning and forgot them.我忘记蜡烛一直是点着的。句中leave表“让.处于某种状态”，后可接形容词、分词、副词、介词等。例如：Who left the windows open? Its too cold in the room. 谁把窗户开着？屋里太冷了。 When there is nobody at home, dont leave the lights burning. 家里没人的时候，不要让灯着着。8. Would you mind helping me out?mind 意为“介意”常用来表示委婉、客气的请求。常用mind (ones ) doing sth.例如：Would you mind turning off the light, please? 请关灯，好吗？ Do you mind my closing the window? 我把窗户关上，你介意吗？表示不反对或不介意时常用：No, please do /Certainly not/Of course not/ No. Go ahead.表示不同意或不赞成时，应说“Sorry/ Im sorry”或“I wish you wouldnt ”,然后再陈述拒绝或反对的理由。例如：- Would you mind if I turn on the TV? 我打开电视你介意吗？ - Certainly not. 当然可以。/ Im sorry,. I havent finished my work. 对不起，我还没有完成我的工作。 反馈训练一、单项选择（ ）1. There is a single person he could turn for help when he was robbed.A.whoB. with whomC. to whomD. with whom（ ）2. This street is familiar me. Ill show you it.A. with; aroundB. to; toC.to; aroundD. with; to（ ）3. When I passed by his room, I saw him his homeworkA. doB. doneC. doingD. to do（ ）4. He did nothing but in the bed.A. lay B. to lieC. lie D.laid（ ）5. When there is a fire, stay and call 119.A. calmyB. calm C. calming D. to calm（ ）6. - Its too cold. Would you mind my the window? - . Do it as you like, please.A. to close; OK B . close; Good idea C. closing; Of course D. closing; Certainly not （ ）7. I the heavy box up, but in the end I failed. A. tried to lift B. tried lifting C. managed to lift D.managed lifting（ ）8. After washing your hands, you shouldnt leave the water .A. runB. to runC. runningD. ran（ ）9. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I to the party.A. will go B. would have goneC. had goneD. should go（ ）10. - will you be there？ - well be there in a couple of minutes. A. How long B. How often C. How long D. How soon2、 词汇互译1. 两三分钟 2. 帮助某人 3. 熟悉 4. 跑出去 5. turn to (sb. for help) 6. free of charge 7. on the spot 8. not.any more 9. take cover 10. be aware of 三、句子翻译1. 当地震发生的时候，我们要保持镇静。2. 他经过南京去了上海。 3. 那只母鸡窝在那，下了一个鸡蛋。 4. 从某种意义上来说，这是本重要的书。 5. 这些书太重了我搬不动，你可以帮我一下吗？. Reading and Writing，Further Reading 教材导学1. You probably think that your home is the one place where you are safe. 你很可能意味自己的家是唯一安全的地方。句中where you are safe 是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the one place, where 在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于at which.例：This is the room where I live. 这是我住的房间 = This is the room in which I live.注意区分the one 和 one , 前者是“唯一的”，后者是“一个”。2. Now I know our flat is full of accidents waiting to happen. 现在我知道了，我们的公寓充满了隐患。be full of 意为“充满”，相当于be filled with. 例如：On National Day, the shops along the streets are full of people.国庆节，街道沿途的商店挤满了人。accidents waiting to happen 意为“隐患”。“waiting to happen ”是现在分词短语做定语，修饰accidents, 相当于which/ that wait. 此处现在分词表主动，即accidents 和wait 是主动关系。例如：She is our teacher teaching us English. 她是教我们英语的老师。3. By the time they had finished, we got a few surprise.等到他们检查完，我们吃惊不少。by the time . 意为“到. 时候为止”，表示时间的从属连词。例如：My mother had cooked meals by the time I got home.我到家时，母亲已做好了饭。I will have been well prepared by the time I take an exam.参加考试时，我会做好充分的准备。4. Everybody knows you shouldnt put childrens beds under a window in case a child tries to climb. 每个人知道你不应该把小孩的床放在窗户下以防万一小孩爬出。in case 意为“以防万一，如果”，后接句子。例如：Dont go out alone in case you get lost. 不要一个人出去，以防迷路。Youd better take an umbrella in case. 你做好带把雨伞，以防万一。in case of sth. 意为“如果，万一”，后接名词或名词短语。例如：in case of fire, ring the alarm bell, please. 万一失火的话，请按警铃。 5. A terrible idea. as my sister explained. 如我姐姐所说，这样的做法太糟糕了。 as 在句中做连词，意为“正如，如同”。引导非限制性定语从句，早从句中作主语、宾语或表语。从句位置可置于主句之前或之后，有时也可作为插入语置于句中，一般用逗号和主句隔开。例如： As is known to all, china joined the WTO in 2001. 众所周知，中国2001年加入了世贸组织。 Julia is coming soon, as you know. 你知道的，朱莉娅马上就要来了。 6. Everybody except us!每个人都知道除了我们（不知道）。except prep. 除.以外（不包含），后接短语。比较：besides prep. 除.以外(包含)，后接短语，相当于in addition to; 此外该词还可以用作adv.意为“而且。 更何况”例如：I can speak English except Japanese.我会说英语，但不会说日语。I can speak English besides Japanese.= I can speak English in addition to Japanese我除了会说日语外，还会说英语。but prep. 除.以外，常在不定代词或疑问代词后；或接不定式为排除对象。But后面的动词填空口诀：前有do 后无to，前无do后有to. 例如Who but Tom has been to England?除了汤姆，谁去过英国？He did nothing but watch Tb at home yesterday afternoon 昨天下午他除了看电视，什么也没做。He has no choice but to wait.除了等待他别无选择。 except for和except that 比较：except for表示“除了”、“只有”，但它是在说明基本情况后，再作细节上的补充。它的前后不是“相称的同类语”即“不同事物”。例如：Your composition is excellent except for some spelling mistakes.你的作文很好，只是有几处拼写错误。在说明“作文”的基本情况后，再对“拼写”这个细节加以补充说明。“作文”和“拼写错误”不是“相称的同类语。”except that 也表示“除了”的意思，that是连词，引出名词性从句。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。例如： It will do except that it is too long. 这行，只是太长了一些。7. It shows you can never be too careful. 这表明你再仔细也不为过。too.to .结构本身以肯定形式表达否定形式。但在下列结构中表示肯定含义：never/not too.to 结构表示“怎么.也不会过分”。例如:One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。Only/but too. To .相当于very 或very much。Too 后的形容词多为表示心情的词，如pleased. Glad, thankful等。例如：Im only too pleased to see you here. 我非常高兴在这里见到你。 反馈训练一、单项选择（ ）1.This is the factory_my father works.A. thatB. in which C. whereD. on which（ ）2. The river_fish has been polluted.A. is full of B. is filled which C. full of D. filled of（ ）3. _ is reported, the film was directed by the famous director.A. As B. It C. Which D. That （ ）4. Youd better put on more clothes, _you catch cold.A. in case of B. so thatC. in caseD. till （ ）5. Many things_impossible in the past are likely to happen now.A. consideringB. consideredC. considerD. to consider（ ）6. _ I got to the football field , the game had begun. A. By the time that B. For the first time C. By the time D. By the time when（ ）7. You can not be _ careful while you are working out the maths problem.A. veryB. quiteC. tooD. rather（ ）8. I like the songs _ by WangfeiA. singB. singsC. sungD. to sing（ ）9. Mr. Green usually goes to work buy bus it rains.A.besidesB. Except whenC. Except forD. beside（ ）10. Sandy could do nothing but to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit二、词组互译1.a short break 2. make sure 3. spare bedrooms 4. be a danger to 5. cleaning liquids 6. 照顾 7. 充满 8. 日常家用物品 9. 让一切井然有序 10. 安全问题 三、试找出文中的定语从句以及分词作定语的句子。. Language in use 教材导学 1.认识和熟悉单词重音的读音规律。 重音符号 放在一个音节之前，可以使这个音节加重语气。一个单词不会有两个重音。如果你听到两个重音，你听到的是两个单词。例如：beautiful bju:teful 其中【bju】这个音节就因为加了重音符号加重了语气。 以下为单词重音的基本规则：（1）双音节名词的重音一般在第一个音节上，即倒数第二个音节上。例如：pic-ture，com-rade（同志），win-dow，par-ty（党） （2）复合名词的重音一般也在第一个音节上。例如：class-room，black-board，foot-ball，some-one（3）双音节动词重音一般在第二个音节上。例如：re-pair（修理），be-gin（开始），pre-pare（准备），ex-plain（解说） （4）有三个或三个以上音节的词，重音多在倒数第三个音节上。例如：fa-mi-ly，ex-er-cise（练习），uni-ver-si-ty（大学）（5）一般来讲，词的重音不因加后缀而改变。例如：correct，correctly，beauty，beautiful（6）以-tion或-sion结尾的词，其重音一般在-tion，-sion之前的音节上。例如：revision（修正、校对），station，pronunciation（发音）（7） 动词、副词、介词等的前缀一般要轻读。 例如：report，record，today，around，about，before等。（8）单词后缀含字母“i”时，该词重读音节必在i前边的那个音节上。例如：-ionrevolution -icalchemical，political -ityuniversity -ianmusician 2.语法：掌握祈使句的基本用法。 祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类。 （1）第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。例如： Stand up! Dont worry about! 但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。例如：Parents with children go the front! 带孩子的家长到前面去! Mary clean the windows，and you boys wash the floor! 玛丽擦窗户，你们男孩子洗地板! Come in，everybody! 每个人都进来! 有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。例如： Dont you be late again! 你可别再迟到了! You get out of here! 你给我滚出去! Mind your own business，you! 你少管闲事! （2）第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。例如： Lets go! Let us go home! Let him be here by 10 oclock 祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。例如： Help! Patience! Quickly! Hands up! （3）祈使句的强调形式及否定形式 祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do.。例如： Do be careful! Do Stop talking! Do give my regards to your parents!务必一定代我向你父母问好! 祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加dont或never。例如： Dont you be nervous!你不要紧张! 以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Lets或Let usme后加not。如： Lets not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了! Lets not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说! 但英式英语也用这样的表达：Dont lets say anything about it. （4）祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。例如： Pass me the book，will you? Lets表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。例如： Lets go for a walk，shall we? Lets forget it，shall we? Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。例如： Let us go for a walk，will you? 其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。例如： Listen to me，will you? Dont tell anyone about it，will you? 但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“wont you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如： Have a cup of coffee，wont you? Come in and take a seat，wont youwill you? （5）祈使句用于两个重要句型中 “祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。 “祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。试比较： Hurry up and youll catch the train. (If you hurry up，youll catch the train) Hurry up，or youll miss the train(If you dont hurry up，youll miss the train) （6）祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语 当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为“askrequesttellorder sb(not)to do sth”。例如： “Speak loudly，please!” the teacher said to me(The teacher asked me to speak loudly) “Dont smoke in the meeting r