必修4Unit1.doc

必修4 Unit 1. New words and expressions(课本P9596). Language points:1.achievement:UN.完成,达到 CN.成就,成绩 theof ones goal/a sense of / a scientific/make greats(c.f: make great progress)achieve: vt. 完成,成就;达到;赢得,获得 If you dont devote most of your time to your work, youll achieve nothing.achieve success/victory/ones goal(aim/purpose)/ones ambition/the desired result/independence/peace of mind/international fame.c.f: achieve排除困难完成宏伟计划/accomplish the task/aim /journey成功地完成预期的目标、任务/finish ones homework日常事物的完成/complete the whole project工程、建筑的完工.猜猜它们的词义、词性: achievable / unachievable?Ex:By the age of 30 he had_his ambition of becoming the world champion in boxing.(reached/got/obtained/ achieved)Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great_for the meeting.(benefit/performance/achievement/progress)Without any special training, he has_everthing he wanted to do.(got/arrived/reached/achieved)Only the_ of these goals will bring lasting peace. But they are_for the moment. It wont bring you a sense of_.2. make(有条件)成为;造就 Shell make a great dancer when she grows up./Do you know what makes a hero/a great person?Hard training makes (him) a good athlete. c.f: become/get/grow变成,变得turn writer/become a writer.Ex.Dont lose heart. If you work hard, youll_a successful electronic engineer.(turn/get/ become/make)Someone who lacks staying power and persevernce is unlikely to_a good researcher.3. have sth./everything/nothing/ lot/much/little in common with in common with. What they have in common is tht4. dress(sb./oneself)as(a laywer/a film star) 装扮成 dress (sb./oneself)up in+衣服/as(an angel)/for the wedding5.drive sb. out of/drive sb. indoors/drive sb. to do sth./drive sb. mad(crazy)经过八年抗战,我们成功把日本人驱逐到国境6.put sb. to death/be put to death. sentence/beat/starve/freeze/scare/frighten/bore/worry sb. to deathbeed to deathAt last the government put the criminal_by hanging him.(to die/to death/into death/to be dying)Why do you come back so late? Youve_(worried to my deth/worried me to death/worried me deadly/been worried dead.)It was freezing cold yesterday, and lot of animals_(被冻死了)7.help(to) do sth. / help sb.(to) do sth encourage sb. to do sth.8. improve: vi./vt. 改善、提高 improved: adj. / improvement.n. Ex.He is trying to_his English by practising. His English is_. He is improving_English. He has mode great_.Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_in a short period. (improving / improved/ improve/to improve)9.condition UN. 情况,状况,健康/竞技状况 be in good / bad condition (form/shape) be in/ out of codition.CN.stare（某人某物自身的)状况、状态. His clothes were in a shabby condition. /The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage.pl. circumstances (外界笼通的)环境,情况 be brought up in/under difficult/war conditions. The experiment must be carried out under ideal conditions. improve working/living/housing/studying/conditionsCN.条件Health is one of the conditions of success. CN. This/that/one/no condition(决不,句首倒装) on condition that-ifThe sports meet will be held_it is fine. (其它表示条件的连词: as/so long as/provided (providing) that/suppose (supposing)that/on condition that/ if)c.f: state/condition/circumstance/case/situation/position.state(只用单数)状况,状态 in a state of repair / war/ in a good state of mind(health)/ones mental state / the state of affairs事态condition状况(state);健康状况(UN); 环境,情况(pl.=circumstances);条件(UN).circumstance(pl.) 环境,情况,形势 Circumstances permitting, well set off on Monday. The s forced her to resign. in/ under thes /in / under nos(决不)(句首,倒装)Under no s should you be late again.case情况;事例;病例,案例 in this/that/no case/in case of fire/in most case/Thats not the case/looke into the case situation境遇,处境,情境;形势,局势 Its important to employ a word or phrase according to the situation inlanguage studies. The international situation is favourable to us. in this the case/ situation/scene/point where/ in which-clause.position位置,职位;阵地 What position do you stand in a football game? land a good position in the company.Ex.School children must be taught how to deal withdangerous_(states/conditions/situations/positions)The farmer is in good_, but his living_are very bad.This car is in_bad condition_you cant drive it.(so, that/ such, that/ such a, that/ too, that)10.top leaders/ scientist/universities/secret顶尖的、一流的、最好的 a top university/the best universityat the top of ones voice/on the top floor/at the top speed/on (the)top of/be(feel)on top of the world11. concernvt. 涉及,关系到(concern sb.);使担忧、挂念、关心 concern oneself with / about关心The environmental problems all of us.(涉及到) She (关心)her sons future.As parents we should (关心)not only our childrens study but also their virtue. CN(利害)关系;所关切的事;关心,担心,挂念 I have no concern with that company/ The development of economy is a major concern of the government./She has a deep concern for the safety of the children. have/feel/show/express(a deep)concern about/for / over关心，担心concerned: adj.(前置定语,表语)关心的,关切的 with a concerned look/(后置定语)有关 all parties concernedconcerning: prep.-regarding有关,关于 a book cocerning environment. as concerns(关于)this matter, I would like to saybe concerned about/for/over your health/safety/future-concern oneself about/ for / over-have a great concern about/for /over关心,担心,挂念be concerned with与有关,涉及到 关心,对感兴趣eg: Her book is concerned with environmental protection. Now more and more people are concerned with environmental protection.be concerned with current affairs/concern oneself with state affairs.be concerned in/concern oneself in从事,参与 she is concerned in banking business /the new project.c.f: That fellow was concerned about/with/in the matter.as/so far as sb/sth is concerned就而言 As far as Im concerned./The car is good as far as the engine is concerned.Ex.The result of a presidential election often_the whole nation.(shows/satisfies/disappoints/concerns)As far as I_, he is concerned_the matter.(A. know, at B. am concerned, to C. concerned, in D. know, in)As far as the tourism in china_, there is a long way to go.The teacher stressed that point in particular that we should_(关心)the disabled child. He isnt concerned himself with the details.(改错) All cases concerned children are dealt with in a special childrens court.(改错)12. welfare:UN.福利（事业）;救济金;幸福 China welfare Institute/public / state/live on/care about(be concerned about)ones13. institute学会,协会,学院(指专业性的研究或教育机构) institution机构,组织,团体(指银行、医院、大学、监狱等大型的社会机构,团体或组织)14. project n.(政府,公司或其他机构组织的)计划,工程,项目(需要收集某物详细信息的)课题,作业、研究项目. the Hope Project. The university has a new research project on language development in babies.15. specialist. n.专家 specialist/an expert in specialist knowledge/training special(adj.)/specially(adv)/specialist (n.)/specialize(vi)in sth.16.devote oneself/ones life/energy/effort/attention/time/money to sth/doing sth.be devoted to sth/doing sth. devoted to(定、状)be(get)used to/be accustomed to/stick to/object to/lead to/refer to/ devoteto/look forward to/get down to/pay attention to /preferto be addicted to/see to/contribute to sth./doing sth.(prep.)devoted: adj.忠诚的,奉献的,热衷的,专心的 a devoted friend/father/son devotion n.献身,热爱、热诚Ex.His whole life has been devoted_the cause of cancer.(A.to study B.to studying C.to the study of D.both B and C)Considering the time she has_the work, she has tried her best to do it.(A. attended to B. devoted to C. contributed to D. helped to)Her son, to whom she was so_, went abroad ten years ago.(loved/cared/devoted/affected)They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed_at meals. (to talk/to not talk/to talking/to not talking)Mother Terasa has_herself to caring for the poor. she is a _mother of the poor. Her_to the charity work has inspired many people.17.as a young man/a child/a young girl-when she/he was As a young man, he worked as a porter.18.instead of n./pron(代替)/doing/prep/adj./adv.(而不是) prep. You are going to the meeting instead of the headmaster/me Instead of smiling, each of them made a face./Well have tea in the garden instead of in thehouse./It got colder instead of warmer.instead: adv.(句首，句末)(不是),相反,反而 He never studies. Intead, he plays tennis all day.He plays tennis all day instead of studying.in place ofinstead of 仅表“代替” You can use plastics in place of wood.take the place of v.代替 It is certain that TV sets can never_the cinema.Ex. Last night Mr. Crook didnt come back at the usual time._, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.(However/Yet/Instead/while)19.connection. CN/UN.联系,关系;连接;亲戚; (供中转旅客及时换水的)联运交通工具(火车,飞机)a connection between A and B/ have a direct/close/strongwith/make a(with)/break a/form a/good socials/inwith sb/sth./in/in this(that) We arrived in time for the connection to paris.connect sth with把与联系起来/connect sth to sthjoin sth to把与连接起来/be connected with e.g: This railway connects London and Edinburgh./There was nothing to connect him with the crime/We connect the wordblue with the colour of the sky/Connect me with Jaipi,please(接通) /This wire connects with that one/Will you connect this wire_the computer?/The young man still doesnt believe that heart disease is_smoking.与有关系: be connected with /be in connection with / have sth. to do with / be related to / be linked with / be involved in / be in relation to / be concerned withEx.The gold medal winner really realized the connections_hard work and achievement.The company_(有密切的联系) a number of American firms.The teachers often deal with problems_education.(和教育有关的问题)This road_Beijing_Tianjin. We are waiting for the telephone_(接通) The case shows that crimes are usually_with peoples social_.As we all know, there is a strong_between smoking and heart disease.she was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would lose her_of Scotland.(junction/connection/seat/carriage)The two countries have made up and_a connection(broken/connected/made/set)Before repairing the water pipe, the worker cut off the_of the house pipes to the water supply.(gas/electricity/heating/connection) (11)Many people connect Germany_beer.20.human beings 与动物、鬼神相对比的人类/man(单,无冠词)人类/mankind(无冠词)UN. the human race/right/nature/vegetable.e.g: The disease can be fatal in_./The history of_covers tens of thousands of years./He always maintains his belief in the goodness of_.21.protect sb. from/against Ex. A line of forts(炮台) was built along the border to protect the country_attack.22. campaign n.运动,活动 vi. 参加活动 a for /against/to do sth./be on afor/against/compaign(vi) for/against/to do sth.e.g: They started the election/a against smoking. They ran a to prevent a new airport from being built /Joan ising for equal rights of women.c.f: campaign 指为达到特定目标而进行的活动、运动/movement历史上的一些运动 The May Fourth Movement is a historic event for the chinese peoplen.战役 The Spanishand theto seize Moscow were both failures.c.f: war战争/campaign(大规模的)战役/battle (小规模的)战役,战斗/fight 战斗,搏斗,打架/struggle(政治、精神)斗争，(生活事业上的奋斗、拼搏)the Huaihai Campaign/the Battle of WaterlooEx.China has started a _to stop using shopping bags to protect the environment.How well do you know about the_between Iran and Iraq? The two countries were at_for 8 years. Many American soldiers lost their lives in the_which took place in that small village in Irag last week.In the Chinese Liberation_, there were three great_. They are the Liaoshen_, the Pingjin_and the Huaihai_.He got into a_with a man in the bar.He is engaged in a battle_with his rival to get control of the company. The government started a tree-planting_to beautify our environment. Its a _between life and death.23.asas possible/one can: He worked carefully to make_mistakes_in order to get the test passed.A. as many, as possible B. as few, as he can C. as few possible, as he could D. few, as anization. n.组织,机构,团体/organize vt/organized: adj./organizer, n.Ex.WTO is short for World Trade_. Song Qingling was the_of china Welfare Institute for women and children.We had an_trip to the seaside last week. We _a trip to. 25.rather than/other than/more than or rather would rather do sth/have done/sb_/_. would rather_than_/prefer_rather than_.Ex.Rather than_a car, he prefers_a bike to go to work.(A. driving, to ride B. drive, to ride C. driving, riding D. to drive, to ride)It was the way he spoke_his words that made me angry with him.(as well/but also/rather than/because of)He phoned me to tell me the news rather than_to me.(write/writes/to write/wrote)26.The group_ made up of 10 scientists. The group _ doing their own work. The group_ discussing the plan.27.behave: vi.vt.-act (人)行为举止,表现;(机器)运转(良好) behave well/badly/like a gentleman/in an odd way oneself 守规矩,举止得体 Behave yourself/Do behave.规距点 a well/ill/badly-behaved child.e.g: My car has been behaving well since it was repaired. / You should learn to behave (yourself)./ He behaved badly to/towards the customers.Behave yourself during my absence./she behaved like a child / as if she were a child.behaviour.UN.行为,举止,习性 study the_of bees./ones towards sb/sth./be on ones good/best举止规距,行为检点/put sb. on his best规劝或警告某人要规规矩矩eg:Their _ towards me shows that they dont like me.behave. 人的“行为,举止,表现” conduct 强调自我控制、约束“为人处世”e.g: The teacher encouraged the child to behave well.Considering the hard condition, I think he conducted himself admirably.Morals should be in a high standard; conducting oneself in society should be in an upright manner; behaving oneself should be in a courteous way. 品德,应该高尚些,处事,应该坦率些;举止,应该礼貌些Ex.Its hard to train children to_at the table.(举止得体) She was ashamed of her childrens_.(不规距) I want you to_(守规矩)at Grandpas. The little boy_(表现勇敢)in face of danger.Tom,_yourself. Did you forget the school rules? (believe/conduct/perform/behave)Usually a childs _is a reflection of his family environment.(behave/act/action/behaviour/activity)Pay much attention to your_. I think youd better_well from taday on.(A. behaviours, behave B. behaviour, to behave. C. behaviour, behave D. behaviours, to behave.)The boy_himself well all day,_pleased his parents very much.(A. behaving, which B. behaved, which C. behaving, tat D. behaved, that)28.动名词短语作主、表、宾、定语：Being lost in a forest can be a terrifying experience. It is no use /no good/useless doing sth.Is it any good explaining that to him?/Her job is taking care of the baby./ seeing is believing/In some parts of London missing a bus means waiting for another hour./He apologized for his not being able to attend the meeting.a sleeping bag/a fishing pole/ drinking water/swimming pool.动名词的复合结构:名词所有格/adj.物主代词+动名词(主、宾、表)不在句首做主语时，可用名词普通格/代词宾语+动名词Toms not taking medicine on time made his mother very angry./Would you mind Toms/Tom/his / him coming late? What made me angry was your telling lies. Ex.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. HavingIt is no_arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.(help/way/time/useSometimes as simple as_some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.(to dring/drinking/to be drinking/drunk)I cant imagine_with that terrible man for such a long time(to stay/staying)29. meanmean doing/to do stop/remember/froget/try/regret/go on/cant help to do/doing She says I ignored her, but I didnt mean to. be meant for/to do/what do you mean by?e.g: Missing the chance means our failing to see him this time. /We sometimes didnt mean to hurt others feelings but we did indeed.Do you mean to go without money? You are meant to leave a tip.I didnt mean that.Ex.I mean_(have)the meeting tomorrow, but what he has just said means_(put off) the meeting.-That would mean_(waste)a lot of labour. Really? I dont mean_(waste)any labour.You should have brought her back when you left. I meant_, but when I was leaving, I couldnt find her anywhere.(to do/doing/doing so/to)Ouch! You hurt me! Sorry. But I_any harm. I_to drive a rat out.(A.didnt mean, tried B. dont mean, am trying. C. havent meant, tried D. didnt mean, was trying.)I still remember_(take)to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Susan wanted to be independent_her parents. She tried_(live)a lone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.Why havent you bought any butter? I_to, but I forgot about it. (liked/wished/meant/expected)30. leave sb./sth. doing/ done/to do / adj./n./prep. 使处于某种状态、听任 leave sb. waiting/leave the work unfinished/leave the window opene.g:They went off and left me_(sit)there all by myself. He asked for leave, leaving his work_(undo).31. shade: n.(和冠词连用)树荫，阴凉处 v.遮蔽，挡光 What a pleasant shade the tree gives us!/ in(under)the shade of a tree/in the shade(of)/put sb.(sth.)in the shade使黯然失色/shade sb(sth.)from/against给遮挡she shaded her eyes against the sun with her hand.c.f: shade荫凉处/shadow影子；(喻义)阴影 the shadow of war/Dont always sit in the _of trees./what you see is only the_of the tree.Ex. In the wonderful picture, the tree near a temple is throwing a_on the ground. The_ of the tree grew lo