Unit 10 Ode to Public Transport.doc

Unit 10 Ode to Public TransportText ANew words1. proclaim v. 宣布；宣告；声明2. sector n.（尤指一国经济的）部门，领域，行业3. necessity n. 必需的事物；必需品 necessary necessarily4. arrangement n. 安排；筹备5. territory n. 领土；版图；领地6. upfront adv. 预付地；预交地7. sunburn n. 晒斑；晒伤8. groceries n. 食品杂货9. radius n. 半径（长度）10. expense n. 费用；价钱11. annually adv. 一年一次地12. household n. 一家人；家庭13. commute n. 上下班路程14. switch v. （使）改变，转变15. transport n. 交通车辆；运输工具；旅行方式16. carbon n. 碳17. majority n. 大部分；大多数 major minorminority18. wean v. 使逐渐戒除恶习（或避免依赖）19. dependence n. （生存或成功必需的）依靠，依赖，依存 dependdependent (on / upon)independent (of)dependently Independence Day20. approximately adv. 大概；大约；约莫21. petroleum n. 石油：原油22. exception n. 规则的例外；例外的事物 （except prep.）23. electrical adj. 电的；用电的；发电的24. economic adj. 经济的；经济上的；经济学的 economicaleconomyeconomicseconomist25. electricity n. 电；电能electrical electrician 联想：-ian作为名词后缀：musician, Italian, Asian, comedian, tragedian等。26. stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的 stabilityunstableinstability27. strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固28. consequently adv. 因此；所以29. lessen v.（使）变小，变少，减弱，减轻30. resource n. 资源；财力31. ease n. 舒适；安逸；自在 /v. 减轻；放松；缓和32. inhabitant n. （某地的）居民，栖息动物33. limited adj. 有限的（具体参考Unit 1，Text B） limitlimitationunlimited / limitlessPhrases and Expressions1. bask in 晒太阳；取暖2. account for 数量上、比例上占3. be reliant upon 依赖；依靠4. be attributed to 把归因于，认为是由于 The Importance of Public TransportationA US Congressman once proclaimed that, There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our economy. I know exactly what he means.（承上启下句）In this day and age, access to transportation is considered a necessity.公共交通的重要性 一位美国国会议员曾经说过，“毋庸置疑，交通业是我们经济中的支柱行业。”我很清楚他的意思。在如今这个时代，交通出行已是生活中必不可少的部分。Public transportation is defined as a service that is available for use by the general public. It is a cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative. It is not a transportation service that you can arrange privately to suit your own personal convenience (although you may, to a certain extent, such as paying for a cabin or suite on a train or ship) since you have to consider other passengers who are riding and making similar arrangements with you.公共交通被定义为能为大众所使用的一种服务。它是一种相对便宜并且对环境有利的出行方式。公共交通不是那种根据个人需求而随意安排的交通服务(虽然在某种程度上也可以这样做，比如说你可以付钱包下火车或船上的一个包厢)，因为你需要考虑那些和你一起并和你做相似安排的其他乘客们。I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is.公共交通有多重要，我亲自经历过，所以深有体会。I live in Saipan, a US territory and the closest things we have to public transportation are tourist and school buses. You have to have your own car or bike, rent a car, or pay upfront for a taxi to go from point A to point B. Otherwise you end up basked（使沐浴）in sweat and sunburn traveling to work every day. When I first came here, I walked. I walked going to and from work. I walked to the store and lugged（使劲拉）my heavy groceries back to the house. I walked to church and I barely got to go to places farther than a twenty-mile radius from my house since I did not own a car then, and I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time.我住在美国塞班，在那里只有游客公交和学生公交这种公共交通工具。你不得不拥有自己的私家车或者自行车，或者租一辆汽车，或者付费搭乘的士从一个地方到另一个地方，否则你就只能每天走去工作，太阳当空，大汗淋漓。当我刚来这里的时候，去哪儿我都步行，我步行上下班，步行去商店，然后徒步拖着大包小包的东西回家。我步行去教堂，由于没有小汽车，而且租辆小车或者打的对于当时我这样一个年轻的单身妈妈来说是笔不小的开支，所以我很少去离家超过20英里远的地方。本部分重点及难点： 1. There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our economy.毫无疑问，交通是我们经济体系最至关重要的领域。2. I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is. 我亲身体验过公共交通的重要性。3. I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time.(1) consider doing sth.consider(to be) such an expense(2) a starting single mother 刚刚起步的单亲妈妈For me, public transportation is very important because of the following reasons:1. It saves money.According to research done by the American Public Transportation Association（美国公交协会）, individuals can save up to $9,515 annually by parking their cars at home and using public transportation instead. In this economy, saving money has become a main concern in most households. With the rising prices of fuel and other vehicle-related expenses, doing the public commute（通勤） to work and school certainly saves money.于我而言，公共交通非常重要，主要是因为以下几个原因：1节约开支根据美国公共交通协会的一项研究，如果把车停在家里而使用公共交通工具，每个人每年可以节省9515美元。在如今的经济形势下，如何攒钱已成为大部分家庭关注的主要问题。随着油费的不断上涨和其他与车辆相关的开销日益增大，使用公共交通上下班和去学校毫无疑问能节省很多钱。2. It helps the environment.When you switch from driving your car to taking public transport, you are reducing your carbon footprint（碳足迹；碳排放量）and making a great step forward in saving the environment. The environmental costs of individuals using their cars every day have done massive damage to the environment and if the majority or all individuals like you and me use public transport instead, think of what good we could do for the environment.2有利于环境当放弃开小车而改乘公共交通工具时，你正在减少二氧化碳的排放量并为拯救地球环境而贡献自己的力量。开私家车出行对环境造成极大的破坏，如果大多数人都能像你我这样使用公共交通工具的话，那么我们的环境就会好多了。3. It will wean（使戒除）us out of energy dependence. According to a paper made by Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Claude Comtois, transportation accounts for（占比例；解释）approximately 25% of world energy demand and for more than 62% of all the oil used each year. Ninety-five percent of transportation is almost completely reliant upon petroleum products with the exception of railways using electrical power. While the use of petroleum for other economic sectors, such as industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in transportation demand.3逐步减少对能源的依赖根据JeanPaul Rodrigue和claude comtois博士所写的一篇文章，交通所耗费的能源大概占世界能源需求的25，每年的耗油量超过62。除了铁路使用电力外，95的交通基本上完全依赖于石油产品。而其他使用石油的经济领域，诸如工业和电力行业都保持相对稳定，石油的需求日益增加主要归因于交通需求的增长。When we strengthen our public transportation services, we are consequently lessening this oil demand and dependence. It will also motivate us to consider alternative energy and fuel resources.当我们加强公共交通服务时，相应地也在减少对石油的需求和依赖，这同时也激励我们考虑可替代的能源和燃料资源。本部分重点及难点：4. While the use of petroleum for other economic sectors, such as industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in transportation demand. attributeto 归因于，归功于American parents always attribute their childrens success to natural talent and hard work.注意区分：oweto4. It provides ease and convenience.Having public transportation definitely eases some of the burdens of people who do not have cars or prefer not to own one. They are provided with choices to use public transport. Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area but to tourists as well. When a tourist visits a place, which does not have public transportation, their choices are limited and the experience they get is limited, too.4为人们提供舒适感和便利使用公共交通毫无疑问会减轻那些没有车或者不打算买车的人们的压力。他们可以选择使用公共交通工具。公共交通不仅为当地的居民而且也为游客提供服务。当游客来访一个没有公共交通工具的地方，他们的选择就会受限，他们的旅游经历也会受到相应的限制。本部分重点及难点：Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area but to tourists as well.not just / onlybut as well相当于not onlybut also请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】21. We _ Moonlight Sonata（月光奏鸣曲）to Beethoven.A distributeB tributeC contributeD attribute【答案】D【解析】本题考查attribute / contributeto。attributeto相当于oweto意为归功于，归因于，contributeto意为捐款，投稿。本句的意思是我们把月光奏鸣曲归功于贝多芬。【知识点】attribute / contributetoAll in all, public transportation improves our way of life, strengthens the community, provides new jobs for the public and gives us a cleaner environment.总而言之，公共交通改善我们的生活，加强社区之间的联系，为公众提供新工作，并且还给予我们一个更加清洁美好的环境。课后习题参考答案Text AI .1.A 2. B 3. D 4.D 5.CII . Section A1. Economic 2. Arrangement 3 . Dependent 4. Valuable 5 . Exception 6. easeSection Bl. Necessities 2. Strengthen 3. Lessening 4. Limited 5. Proclaimed 6. commutesSection C1. for 2. on 3. To 4. up 5. to 6. inIII. 1. Limited 2. running out of 3. refers to 4. Low 5. Require 6. another7. compared to 8 . Personal 9. Positive 10. economic. Section A1. basking in the warm sunlight2. accounts for 35% of the corporate revenue3. attributed her success to her hard work4. up to more than 500 guests5end up in prisonSection B 公共交通是比自己开车更理想的选择吗？这取决于个人的偏好或者个人所处的环境。有些人更喜欢自己开车，但是这并不意味着对于许多人来说，公共交通不是更合适的方式。综合考虑，公共交通可能比较便宜，不用为支付汽车贷款或者保险费而担心，不需要支付保养或者燃料费用。从环保的角度来看，好多人一起外出旅游的话，乘坐公共交通更有效。V.2 4 3 5 6 l.公共交通在中国已经成为人们迫切的需要了。在像北京、上海这样的大都市里，拥挤的道路上，车辆越来越多了。越来越多的汽车就意味着消耗越来越多的能量，造成越来越严重的空气污染。在某种程度上，公共交通可以缓解车辆增多带来的越来越大的压力。作为有责任心的公民，你能针对促进公共交通的发展，呼吁绿色出行，为当地或者中央政府想出一些合理可行的建议吗？III. 部分练习讲解P305 Bridging the GapDirections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.解题方法：把词分类动词形容词 代词/限定词compared to low anotherrequire personalrunning out of economicrefers to positive limitedOften referred to as green transport, sustainable transportation is the way of the future. Transport powered by gas and petrol is running on a 1 limitedtime frame（时间范围，期限）, as both these sources are unsustainable in the long run. In contrast, sustainable transportation offers an option to a world rapidly 2 running out ofrenewable（可再生的） fuel sources. It 3 refers toany kind of transport that has a low impact on the environment, such as walking, cycling, mass transit, green vehicles, and car pooling（集体用车，拼车）, amongst others.Any mode of transport is deemed sustainable if it has a 4 lowenvironmental impact and uses little or no fuel. Walking is the best example of sustainable transportation, as it does not 5 requireany gas. However, walking can be impractical if you are travelling longer distances. Cycling is 6 another green transport option and is a far more practical option for longer commutes.Using public transportation, such as buses or trains, is also more sustainable 7 compared toprivate vehicles. The amount of fuel used to transport a bus full of people is more effective compared to a single person driving a 8 personal car. A sustainable transport system has a 9 positiveimpact on the environment, and helps to promote social and 10 economicsustainability（可持续性） in the communities it serves. Increased mobility usually results in better socio-economic conditions:Text BNew words1. advantage n. 有利条件；有利因素；优势disadvantage 联想：merit, demerit2. authentic adj. 真实的；真正的3. assurance n. 保证；担保 assure4. intentionally adj. 有意地；故意地 intend intention intentional unintentional非故意的，无意识的 well / ill-intentioned5. harsh adj. 残酷的；严酷的；严厉的6. respectfully adv. 恭敬地respectrespectablerespectfulrespectiveWe should show respect for our elders.Each walk of life is equally respectable, no matter whether it is an engineer or a dustman.He is very respectful to his teachers.After school, they went back to their respective homes.7. able-bodied adj. 健康的；健壮的 (disabled)8. warmth n. 热情；友情warm -th: warmth, length, growth, strength, width, breadth等9. guts n. 勇气；胆量；决心；毅力10. particularly adv. 特别；尤其11. ferry n. 渡船12. destination n. 目的地；终点13. maintenance n. 维护；保养maintain14. economical adj. 节俭的；节约的；简洁的 economic15. untoward adj. 异常的；意外的；棘手的；不幸的16. incident n. 发生的事情（尤指不寻常的或讨厌的）17. transit n. 运输；运送；搬运；载运18. aggravate v. 使严重；使恶化19. push n. 矢志的追求；坚定的努力20. sustain v. 使保持；使稳定持续 sustainable sustainability unsustainable无法维持的，无法支撑的21. accumulate v. 积累；积聚22. heed v. 留心；注意；听从（劝告或警告）23. habitat n. （动植物的）生活环境，栖息地24. stand n. 停车处；站Phrases and Expressions1. pick up 让人乘车；搭载2. by and large 大体上；总体上3. conduct oneself 举止；表现4. in public 公开地；在别人（尤指生人）面前5. give up. to. 把交给（或让与）6. save on 节省；节约7. keep tabs on 监视；密切注视8. God/Heaven/Lord forbid (that.) 但愿这事不发生 Personal Advantages of Taking Public TransportationWhen I take public transport, I always end up seeing a balanced view of regular folks, which is different from how theyre usually depicted in the profit-driven media. I meet real, authentic people who may have the same concerns as mine. Whenever Im on a bus, or the train, or even at times in a taxi that I share with other passengers, whom the driver picks up along the way, I get assurances that most folks mean well to me, i.e., they dont mean to harm me intentionally, despite a few terrible, harsh experiences Ive had with some bad people before.个人搭乘公共交通的优点我搭乘公共交通工具的时候，我总是看到普通人一副秩序井然的景象，这不同于盈利性媒体所描绘的那样。我遇到与我有相同情感的真正的、真实的人。无论我在公共汽车上还是火车上，甚至偶尔在出租车上，我都会与司机沿途搭载的乘客分享。除去我曾与一些坏人有过部分残酷的不愉快经历，我相信大多数人对我的用心是好的，也就是，他们并不会故意伤害我，。The meaningful experience of receiving respect from and giving respect to others关于接受尊重和给予别人尊重的有意义的经验People generally behave as politely and respectfully as they can whenever they take public transportation. Thats how all of us were taught, by and large, by our parents, our elders and the generations before. We always need to conduct our best selves when in public. Its a great experience seeing able-bodied men giving up seats for the elderly, disabled, or pregnant women. I even see women give up seats to others. I see people move a bit on their seats just to share space to those needing seats. I see people smiling and talking with each other. I feel more warmth among people when on a bus or the train. I see people behaving genuinely pleasant toward co-passengers, and I realize it takes a lot of guts to do this especially during these difficult times.人们在搭乘公共交通时普遍都会尽可能的有礼貌和客气。就像我们先前被父母、长者以及前辈所教育的那样。我们经常需要在大众面前表现最好的自己。看到强健的男人给老人、残疾人和孕妇让座是很重要的经历，我甚至看到女人给其他人让座，看到人们在座位上挪动一点仅仅是为了给需要座位的人一些空间，看到人们微笑着相互交谈。当我处在公共汽车或者火车上的人群中时，会感受到更多的友情。我看到人们对同行的旅客表现出真诚的愉悦，也认识到在现在这些困难时期这样做需要很大的勇气。Save cash for other purposesI always get the opportunity to save money, and am actually gaining pennies these days. This is particularly true when you live in a city, like New York, where subways and buses are in place. Ive done the math: its far cheaper to take the subway and the bus, plus the ferry if you live in Staten Island like me, than to keep a car and drive yourself to your usual destination. You save on the parking fees, the toll fees, the insurance cost, the repair and maintenance costs, and the perceived costs of aggravation（加重；恼怒）from motorists on the road, the fuel, among other costs. On public transportation, you simply just pay the fare.为其他目的省钱我经常有很多可以省钱的地方，而且近期的确省了不少钱。尤其是你生活在像纽约这种地铁和公共汽车网络发达的城市时，我曾经做过计算：如果你是像我这样住在斯塔腾岛的话，搭乘地铁、公共汽车或是轮渡会比你买一辆小汽车然后开车去经常去的地方要便宜得多。你节省了停车费、通行费、保险费、修理保养费、马路上汽车司机开车造成的环境恶化的成本、燃油费，以及其他费用。而在公共交通方面，你只需简单地买张车票。本部分重点及难点： 1. I see people move a bit on their seats just to share space to those needing seats.(1) see sb. do sth.(2) those needing seats 需要座位的人2. You save on the parking fees, the toll fees, the insurance cost, the repair and maintenance costs, and the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road, the fuel, among other costs.(1) save on sth. 节省，节约(2) the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road 我们可以感觉到的马路上的汽车司机开车造成的环境恶化的成本(3) among other costs 以及其他成本Light baggage to bring with youJust carry myself and my tiny baggage. I occupy the least space, which is actually wherever I happened to be standing or sitting, which contributes to（有助于，促成）my baggage being very economical and lighter to carry. If ever there would be untoward（麻烦的）incidents while in transit, Id always be assured that I only have myself to worry about, which is unlike when youre in your car. If an accident happens while you are in your car, you will be doubly aggravated（恼怒的）because you will have to keep tabs on things other than yourself (who, by then, may be extremely anxious or even, may the Lord forbid, in a worst situation).随身携带轻重量的行李我出行仅随身携带少量的行李，行李的简约和轻便使我无论是站着或是坐着都占用最少的地方。如果在出行时有一场意外事故，与你在你自己的车里不同的是，我能保证只需担心我自己。当你在车里有意外发生时，你会使情况恶化，因为你必须注意除了你自己以外的东西。（而你，在那个时候，可能会非常紧张，甚至是在最糟的时候希望这事不曾发生。）Strong push for long-term environmental projectsI am confident that I contribute more to efforts in sustaining and keeping a much cleaner environment. Motorists always have to consider that they actually are contributing more to accumulated environmental damage when they use fossil-sourced fuel for their cars. Those who are concerned about the environment, especially policymakers, leaders and managers, might as well（不妨，倒不如）heed（注意）this by taking the chance to take public transportation if time allows them. Their followers will eventually get the message: youll be contributing more to saving whats left of our habitat by keeping away from using less of the natural resources.对环保工程的长期强力促进我自信于我为保持更清洁的环境做出了很多贡献。驾驶员必须认识到他们的汽车使用化石能源更多的是在积累对环境的破坏。那些为环境而忧虑的人，尤其是政策制定者、领导人和管理者，如果时间允许的话，也应该通过抓住使用公共交通的机会而注意到这些。他们的追随者最终会获得这样的信息：你将会通过避免使用有限的自然资源，为保护我们家园剩下的资源作出更大的贡献。Movement and exerciseI get the chance to do my exercises walking from my place to the bus stand (or the subway station, or the ferry station). I actually feel a much healthier me whenever I take public transportation.Come, join me and everyone else taking public transportation.运动与锻炼我获得了从住处走到公共汽车站（或者地铁站，或者轮渡港口）锻炼身体的机会。我无论何时搭乘公共交通都会确实感受到一个更健康的自己。来吧，加入我和大家一起搭乘公共交通。本部分重点及难点：3. If ever there would be untoward incidents while in transit, Id always be assured that I only have myself to worry about, which is unlike when youre in your