定语从句高考考点复习1.doc

定语从句高考考点复习一、定语从句概况： 定语：修饰名词和代词的成分 如：a beautiful flower; a tall boy 定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句。如：This is the best film that I have seen. 关系词的作用：引导定语从句、代替先行词在从句中充当成分。关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose关系副词指代所充当的句子成分when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语二、定语从句高考考点归纳考点1：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。修饰先行词无逗号隔开可以用that，而且作宾语时可以省略。非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词/整个句子有逗号与主句隔开不能用that 不可以省略例：Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：只有一个哥哥）The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. (有that，作宾语时可以省略)The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.(无that ,作宾语时不可以省略)考点2：that 与which 的区别（1）只用that的情况:先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。先行词为人和物的组合若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。练习： This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. whatThe last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itHe talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school . A. which B. that C. it D. whomThere is no dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it（2）只用which 的情况：逗号后面 介词后面Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A.on which B that C which D.this考点3:介词+关系代词提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配 方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替。练习：把下列两句话连接成一个句子用合适的关系词填空The man is from Beijing University . I talked about him at the meeting.The man ( ) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.注意：关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。考点4：whose 用法及转换形式 whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 Thats the child whose father is a teacher.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。 Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? This is a book whose cover is green. whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同，即whose+名词=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.考点5：as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。而which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。 e.g. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. =The moon travels round the earth once evey month, as/ which is known to everybodyas 本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.练习：_ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. AsSuch signs _ we use in the experiment _Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like考点6：that 与who的区别在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”.Anyone _breaks the law is punished. Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.考点六7:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：先行词 关系词在从句中充当的成分。关系词在从句中做主语，宾语，定语用关系代词；做状语用关系副词I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.考点8: 有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。He has got himself into a dangerous situation_he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. which C. while D. whyI can think of many cases_students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. whyB. whichC. asD. whereHer illness will not develop to the point_ no medicine can cure her. A. whereB. whichC. thatD. as考点9：定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。I am not one who _afraid of difficulty Don t choose me, who _not fit for this jobThis is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have writtenShe is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing定语从句解题思路：1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3. 分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题4. 先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。5. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主、定或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。1.Is this the factory _ we visited last week? A、where B、that C、to which D、the one2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、where B、that C、of whom D、which3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A、when B、what C、which D、why4. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which5.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A.who B、who want C.who wants D、what6.a. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. b.I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. c.I like this house, _ doorway is just enough to get . d.I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whose7. I，