必修4_Unit_3_A_taste_of_English_humour.doc

_(幸运地),I arrived at the office on time.It is said that most farmers are _ _(穷的) in that area. The school was then _ _(缺少) for teachers.We were _ _（使电话中断）in the middle of our conversation.She _ _(切下)a small piece of bread and gave it to me.The director wanted to _（使.为主角） her in the new film.He _ _(主演) dozens of films during his lifetime.Every man is the architect of his own _(财富；运气).He got a _(直达) flight to England.When the uncooked meat arrived he was _（压倒）by shame because he couldnt eat it.It was clear that this policy was a _(失败).Im _（使吃惊） that he paid so much for the ring. He _(使满意) himself with one piece of cake.Let the world _(滑动).Here is a _(具体的困难或难事) for you to get over.Can the _ (杰出的)scientist win the national prize for science? With a _ (满口) of rice, he could hardly say anything.She _ (耳语) a warning to me and then disappeared. Are you _ （满意的）with your life?Unit 3A taste of English humour学习重点重要词汇词汇相关提示slide vt.&vi.(使)滑动;(使)滑行n.滑;滑动;幻灯片请了解slide的相关短语及slide into,let.slide的用法;区别slide,slip与glide作“滑”解时的意义。contentadj.满足的;满意的n.满足 vt. 使满足请掌握和content相关的短语和作名词和动词的用法。astonish vt. 使惊讶要掌握与astonished有关的词组与句型;对比astonished与astonishing的意义。particularadj. 特殊的;特别的 n. 细节;细目注意in particular，be particular about的意义和用法以及particular作形容词时与special的区别。failuren. 失败(者);破产;不及格请掌握failure作为可数名词和不可数名词的区别,并掌握其动词fail的用法。difficultyn. 困难;难点请注意掌握difficulty的用法,以及have difficulty in doing sth.等短语的用法。pick out挑出;辨别出请注意掌握pick out的用法以及pick的另一短语pick up的用法。cut off切断;断绝请认真掌握以cut为核心的相关短语。directv. 导演;指示;指挥adj. 径直的;直接的;直率的adv. 直接地请重点掌握direct作动词时的一些用法;比较副词direct与directly的用法。star in担任主角;主演请注意star in的各种用法,并掌握star的用法。knock into撞上;撞见请掌握 knock into的用法,同时掌握knock其他短语的用法:knock at,knock over等。fortunen. 富有;财富;运气;幸运请学习have good(bad)fortune与make ones fortune的意义;注意fortune作可数名词和不可数名词时的用法。swing vt.&vi.摇摆;摆动;旋转请注意swing常与介词by连用。重点句式Expressing emotions(表达情感)I enjoy this very much because.我非常喜欢这个是因为This is fun because.这很有意思,因为How wonderful/surprising!真精彩真让人惊讶！It surprises me that.让我吃了一惊。Its amusing that.真有趣。I felt happy because.我感到高兴是因为重点语法掌握动词的-ing形式作表语。掌握动词的-ing形式作定语。掌握动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语。写作要求借助于本单元的内容,利用本单元的单词和短语,发挥自己的想象以及集体的智慧,编写有趣的幽默故事。重点单词【巧记提示】glide(流水)slide,在流水上滑行。【经典例句】Let the world slide.人世沧桑,听其自然。Slides are shown once a week in our school.我们学校每周放一次幻灯片。【考点聚焦】1)过去式:slid;过去分词:slid或slidden;现在分词:sliding。2)与slide相关的一些短语:slide into(渐渐地;不知不觉地)进入;陷入(某种状态);let.slide对放任不管;听任自然发展。3)show slides放幻灯片4)slide与slip,glide的区别:slide在一个光滑的表面持续地滑动。slip常指意外而不自主地滑动。glide与slide同义,但另有“滑翔”之意。【活学活用】1.完成下列句子1)He_(在冰上一滑)and fell.2)They_(放幻灯片)of their winter holidays.答案：1)slid on the ice2)showed slides【巧记提示】context(文章脉络)content,对文章脉络满意。【经典例句】She was content to step down after four years as chief executive.她在担任了四年主管之后甘愿让位。Her answer seems to content the teacher.老师看来对她的回答很满意。Content is better than riches.知足者常乐。【考点聚焦】 content的用法集萃:1）content+to do sth.,如:She was not content to remain at home.她不满足于待在家里。2）content+that从句,如:Im more than content that theyve done everything I asked.他们做了我要他们做的一切,对此我心满意足。3）content sb.with sth.用使某人满意,如:He contented himself with one piece of cake.他吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足。4)content作名词,除了“满足;满意”,还有“容量;含量;题材;内容;要旨”的意思。5)与content相关的一些词组:be(feel)content with以为满足;content oneself with满意于，满足于;be well content to do sth.非常乐意做某事【活学活用】 2.选择The boy often contents himself_ interesting storybooks.A.of B.withC.by D.for答案：B【巧记提示】as(像)+tonish(时髦的),像这样的时髦让人惊讶。【经典例句】Im astonished that he paid so much for the ring.他花这么多钱买这枚戒指,这使我感到很惊讶。【考点聚焦】 1)astonish是一个及物动词,其形容词有:astonished惊讶的;astonishing令人惊讶的。其名词为:astonishment惊讶；短语to ones astonishment令某人惊讶的是。2)be astonished+that从句如:We are all greatly astonished(that)she has failed.她失败了,我们很惊讶。3)be astonished at sth.对某事感到惊讶如:He was astonished at the news.他听到这个消息感到很吃惊。4)be astonished to see/learn.看到/得知感觉很惊讶如:He was astonished to see his father here.在这里见到他父亲他感到很惊讶。5)同义词:amaze,surprise6)形容词astonished与astonishing的区别:astonished感到惊讶的,指人的主观感受;astonishing令人惊讶的,指事物本身特征。【活学活用】 3.改错The girl was astonishing to see that her boyfriend was eating with another girl.答案：astonishingastonished【巧记提示】part(部分)+icular,icular这部分很特殊。【经典例句】My graduate school training should qualify me for this particular job.我在研究所的训练使我适合这份特别的工作。Id like you to give us full particulars of what happened.我希望你能为我们提供事情的全部详情。【考点聚焦】1)与particular相关的一些词组:in particular特别，尤其;be particular about对于(过于)讲究的，挑剔的，苛求的2)近义词:special,especial3)派生词:particularly adv.特别地 4)particular作形容词时与special的区别：special常指一般场合下的“特殊”，较普通；particular常可与special通用，但含有个别的意味，强调特殊场合下的特殊情况。【活学活用】4.完成句子On that_(特定的)day the stores are closed.答案：particular【巧记提示】fail(失败)+-ure(名词后缀)【经典例句】This plan is nothing but a failure.这项计划只能是失败。The failure of the bank caused a panic in that small town.这家银行的破产在城镇里引起恐慌。His failure in the exam made her mother worried.他这次考试不及格,这让他妈妈担忧。【考点聚焦】1)failure作为“失败”,不可数名词。如:Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。2)failure作为“失败的人或事”,可数名词。如:It was clear that this policy was a failure.显然,这项政策失败了。3)词根:fail,其主要用法有:fail in失败;不及格;不足;缺乏fail+to do sth. (表示否定)不能;没有,如:I failed to persuade him.=I failed in persuading him.我没能说服他。4)failing与failed的区别:failing指“失败中的;不及格的;减弱(或衰退)中的”,如:failing marriage瓦解中的婚姻;a failing grade不及格;failing light渐弱的光线。failed指“失败了的;不成功的;破产了的;倒闭了的”。如:a failed attempt失败的尝试;a failed candidate落选的候选人;a failed firm倒闭的公司【活学活用】5.用动词的适当形式填空1)My brother failed_(realize)his dream of becoming a scientist.2)Seeing his_(fail)health,we become more and more worried.3)He didnt lose heart in spite of his_(fail)attempt.答案：1)to realize2)failing3)failed【巧记提示】difficult(适合)+-y(名词后缀)【经典例句】All the difficulties have to be solved.所有的难点都必须要解决。【考点聚焦】1)difficulty作为“困难”,是不可数名词。如:The students have great difficulty with this type of problem.学生们对这类问题有很大困难。2)difficulty指“具体的困难或难事”,是可数名词。如:Here is a difficulty for you to get over.这儿有件难事要你克服。3)派生词:difficultadj. 困难的4)常见句式:have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某件事情有困难;have difficulty with sth.做某件事情有困难。这两个句式中的difficulty可以换成trouble。5)相关短语:get/run into difficulties遇到困难;in a difficulty有困难;out of a difficulty摆脱困难;with difficulty困难地,费力地;without difficulty不费事地,轻易地【巧记提示】over(越过)+come(到达),越过困难,到达胜利战胜【经典例句】The teacher overcame all his students with his excellent speech.老师用精彩的演讲征服了所有的学生。【考点聚焦】1)overcome的过去式为overcame,过去分词为overcome。2)overcome常用在被动语态中表示“(感情等)压倒,使受不了”，常与by和with搭配。如:The child was overcome by weariness and slept.孩子疲倦之极,睡着了。3)over-作前缀时可表示以下含义:过度;太甚,如:over-study用功过度,over-talk过分多言;在上;在外;从上;越过,如:over-bridge天桥,overcoat外衣,over-fly飞跃,oversea(s)海外;颠倒;反转,如:overthrow推翻;overturn倾倒;倾覆【活学活用】 6.说出下列单词中词缀over-的含义。1)overturn _2)overcoat _3)over-talk_4)over-bridge_5)oversea _答案：1)颠倒2)在外3)过分4)在上5)越过【巧记提示】di-(dia贯通)+-rect(词根,正)始终让它走正道指导【经典例句】He directed many Shakespearean plays in London.他在伦敦导演过许多莎士比亚的戏剧。He got a direct flight to England.他乘坐了直达英格兰的飞机。Well,I just contacted his office direct.哦,我直接联系了他的办公室。【考点聚焦】1)direct作动词时的一些用法:direct+宾语+不定式,如:The general directed the troops to attack.将军命令部队进攻。direct+that从句,如:The general directed that an advance(should)be made the next morning.将军命令部队第二天早上向前推进。2)派生词:direction n.方向，方面;director n.指导者;directory n.姓名地址录;directly adv.直接地3)副词direct与directly的区别:direct的意思是“径直地、直接地”。如:You must go direct to see a doctor.你必须直接去看医生。(意思是不要耽搁)directly着重对事物的直接影响,不着重实际距离。如:She has never spoken directly about Tom.她从不直接谈论汤姆。(意思是她较为含蓄)【活学活用】 7.翻译句子1)火车直接到那儿。_2)我的朋友将指引你到那儿。_答案：1)The train will arrive there direct.2)My friend will direct you there.【巧记提示】fortun(e)(财富)+-ate(形容词后缀)【经典例句】Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。Fortune smiled on us.幸运之神垂青我们。【考点聚焦】 1)fortune作“财富;财产”解是可数名词；作“运气;幸运”解时是不可数名词。2)和 fortune相关的一些词组:have good(bad)fortune运气好(不好);make ones fortune发财;发迹3)派生词:fortunate adj.幸运的;fortunately adv.幸运地 【活学活用】 8.选词填空（fortune，fortunate，fortunately）1)_ knocks once at least at every mans gate.2)_,I arrived at the office on time.3)He was _ in having such nice friends.答案：1)Fortune2)Fortunately3)fortunate【巧记提示】s+wing(翅膀),摆动像蛇(s)一样的翅膀。【经典例句】The children are playing on the swingsin the park.孩子们在公园里玩秋千。The lamp swung in the wind.灯在风中摇摆。【考点聚焦】1)swing作动词时,常用swing+宾语+副词介词的结构。如:They swung themselves down from the top of the wall.他们从墙头翻下。2)swing的过去式和过去分词都是swung;现在分词是swinging。3)swing作名词“秋千;摇摆”时,是可数名词。4)相关短语:swing at抡起拳头(棒子)打;swing into action迅速采取行动;swing ones weight运用自己的影响;swing around突然转过身;in full swing全面展开。重点短语badly off穷的;缺少的【经典例句】It is said that most farmers are badly off in that area.据说在那个地区,大多数农民都很穷。The school was then badly off for teachers.当时学校缺少教师。【考点聚焦】1)比较级worse off和better off常常与than,rather than搭配使用。如:I went to his home and found his living conditions were worse off than mine.我去他家,发现他家的生活条件比我家还差。2)反义词:well off富裕的;富有的;富有的;有许多的;比较级:better off境况更佳。3)同义词:short缺少的 【活学活用】9.翻译句子我们缺少时间和金钱。_答案：We are badly off for time and money.pick out挑出;辨别出【经典例句】Have you picked out the movie you want to see?你挑出你想看的电影了吗？I can pick you out even if you are wearing the same clothes as others.即使你和别人穿着同样的衣服,我也能认出你。【考点聚焦】1)pick out接代词作宾语时,要把代词置于pick与out之间。2)pick out接名词作宾语时,名词可以置于pick和out之间或后面。3)含有pick的短语归纳:pick up拾起,学会,无意中得到,接某人上车pick off用手摘下来pick on选择,挑选,找茬pick ones way小心往前走pick at啄食,吃得少【活学活用】10.用pick的短语填空1)The bird _ the bread on the ground.2)Can you _ your friend in that group?3)I _ the telephone and asked for the number of his office.答案：1)picked at2)pick out3)picked upcut off切断;断绝【经典例句】 She cut off my apology.她打断了我的道歉。We were cut off by the tide and had to be rescued by boat.我们被潮汐隔绝,必须让船只营救。【考点聚焦】1)cut off还表示“使死掉”,常用于被动结构。如:He was cut off when he was still very young.他还很小的时候就死了。2)cut off还可以表示“使电话中断”。如:We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.我们正谈着,电话中断了。3)cut off表示“切下来,剪下来”。如:She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me.她从面包上切下一小块,给了我。4)含有cut的短语归纳:cut in插嘴,干预cut into插进来,参加谈话cut out删掉,停止cut through穿过,穿透cut up切碎,使痛苦cut down砍倒,消减,减少cut across抄近路穿过cut sb.short打断某人(的话)cut sth.short剪(切、割等)短某物;使某事缩短;使某事中断star in担任主角;主演【经典例句】He starred in dozens of films during his lifetime.他一生主演过几十部电影。【考点聚焦】1)同义词组:play the lead in2)star也可作及物动词,“以为主角”。如:The director wanted to star her in the new film.导演想让她在这部新影片中担任主角。【活学活用】 11.翻译句子张柏芝在这部电影中担任主角。_答案：Zhang Baizhi stars in this movie.knock into撞上;撞见【经典例句】The car knocked into him before he knew it.在他意识到之前,汽车撞上了他。He knocked into his teacher in the street yesterday.昨天在大街上他偶然遇到了他的老师。【考点聚焦】 1)同义词组:bump into,run into,come across表示“(偶然)遇见”,还可用以下形式表达:happen to meet.,meet.by chance,chance to meet.2)含有knock的短语归纳:knock at/on敲(门、窗等)knock down撞倒knock over撞翻knock off停止knock around/about游历,讨论knock back喝下(酒精饮料) 【活学活用】 12.用以上短语填空1)The old man _ the door but no one answered it.2)I ran so fast that I _ a child who was running fast too.答案：1)knocked at/on2)knocked into重点句子Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road?当你看见有人踩上香蕉皮滑倒,或看到有人在拐角处撞到另一个人身上,或看到有人掉进路中的一个洞里时,你会觉得滑稽可笑吗？【剖析】 这是一个一般疑问句。其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语 to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road。不定式短语中的sliding.,bumping.,falling.都是动词的-ing形式,用作宾语补足语。【拓展】 see sb.doing sth.“看见某人做某事”。在一些表示感官和心理状态的动词,如see,notice,hear,find等后面,通常用动词的-ing形式或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。动词的-ing形式常表示动作正在进行。He played a poor and homeless person,who wore large trousers,worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick.他扮演了一个身无分文、无家可归的人,穿一条肥大的裤子、一双破烂的鞋子,戴一顶小而圆的黑帽,手拿一根拐杖。【剖析】 1)这是一个含有非限制性定语从句who wore large trousers,worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick的复合句,先行词是person。2)walking在此作定语,修饰stick,表示stick的用途。【拓展】 1)非限制性定语从句的明显标志是其前面的标点“,”。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句那样紧密,去掉后前面句子的意思仍旧完整。2)动词-ing形式作定语时,动名词表示所修饰词的用途,而现在分词表示所修饰词的特点、性质或动作。3)如何区分现在分词和动名词作定语:用for带入原含有v.-ing形式的词组中,如果意思通顺,则该v.-ing形式为动名词。例如:a dancing halla hall for dancing(hall供跳舞的)另外,也可以采用转换定语从句法加以验证。一般说来能转换成合理的定语从句的v.-ing即为现在分词。如a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping.This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者,但是所有观众喜爱这个角色,因为他有战胜困难的决心并能善待不善待他的人。【剖析】 1)这是一个由but连接的表示转折关系的并列句。在第二个分句中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句和一个由when引导的时间状语从句。2)第二个分句中by短语和for短语都可看成是谓语动词be loved的搭配,分别交代了他被谁爱戴以及为什么被爱戴。其中,for的宾语是his determination in overcoming difficulties和 being kind even when people were unkind to him的并列。【拓展】 all who watched the films for his determination.可以改写为:all the people watching the films for his determination.He makes it seem as if it were one of the most delicious meals that he has ever enjoyed.他把吃皮鞋的情景表演得像是他吃过的最香的一顿饭。【剖析】1)句中as if引导的从句作表语从句,意为“仿佛;好像”,用了虚拟语气。2)that he has ever enjoyed是定语从句,修饰meals。在这个句子中,因为meals被最高级the most delicious修饰,所以只能用that,不能用which。【拓展】1)as if从句中的内容有时候有主观的想象或夸大性的比喻,此时从句中常用虚拟语气。其时态用法如下:从句情况发生在主句之前,用过去完成时。从句情况与主句同时发生,用一般过去时或过去进行时。注意:如果从句的内容发生的可能性很大,则不需要用虚拟语气。2)that在定语从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句:先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等;先行词被序数词和形容词最高级所修饰时;先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰;先行词既有人又有物时;当句中已有who时,为避免重复;用作关系代词,修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment等,代替when。How hungry would you have to be to eat a shoe?要吃鞋子充饥,这该是饿到什么程度了？【剖析】 这是一个特殊疑问句，动词不定式短语to eat a shoe用作结果状语。【拓展】 句中的you是泛指,相当于a person,anyone,one,意思是“任何一个人”。重点语法动词-ing形式作表语动名词作表语一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作,表语和主语的位置可以互换。如:Her job is teaching.(=Teaching is her job.)她的工作是教书。Her duty is taking care of the babies.(=Taking care of the babies is her duty.)照看婴儿是她的职责。怎样区别作表语的现在分词和动名词动名词和现在分词构成形式一样(都是在动词词尾加-ing),且均可在句中作表语。究竟是现在分词还是动名词在句中作表语呢？下面介绍几种辨别的方法：(1)倒置法将句中的主语和表语位置互换,谓语不动,若新组成的句子与原句意思相符,句中v.-ing形式就是动名词。否则,就是现在分词。例如:His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。His job is interesting.他的工作有趣。互换位置后成为:Teaching English is his job.“教英语是他的工作。”与原句意思相符。句子通顺。第一句中的teaching是动名词作表语。Interesting is his job.句子意思不成立,与原句意思更不相符。故原句中的interesting应为现在分词。(2)加入法在表语前加上副词very,so或more,most等。句子通顺、意思明确者,为现在分词。否则,为动名词。如:My job is interesting.My job is very interesting.(句子成立)故interesting为现在分词。My job is teaching English.My job is very(so)teaching English.句子不成立，故teaching是动名词作表语。同理,我们还可以在表语后加个能作宾语的词,若句子成立应为动名词,否则,为现在分词。如:My job is teaching English.My job is teaching you English.句子成立,teaching为动名词。My job is interesting.My job is interesting you.加you后的句子不成立,故句中的interesting为现在分词。(3)提问法 能用how对表语提问的是现在分词,反之是动名词;能用what对表语提问的是动名词,反之,为现在分词。如:My job is interesting.How is your job？用how提问,句意通顺,故表语是现在分词。My job is teaching English.What is your job？用what对表语提问,句意通顺,故表语是动名词。动词-ing形式作定语(1)单个的动词-ing形式作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之前,而-ing短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之后。如:a waiting room等候室a dancing girl一个跳舞的女孩teaching methods教学方法a swimming pool一个游泳池 The man talking with our headmaster is my father.和我们校长谈话的那个人是我父亲。 Time is money.时间就是金钱。(2)现在分词也可以作定语修饰名词,表示该名词正处在一种什么样的状态,现在分词这个动作实际上是由所修饰的名词所发出的。如:a sleeping beauty(a beauty is sleeping)睡美人a running dog(a dog is running)奔跑中的狗 a dancing girl(a girl is dancing)跳舞的女孩(3)区别一个作定语的-ing形式的动词是动名词还是现在分词,我们可以用下面的方法:将被修饰的名词作主语,用be来连接带有-ing的动词,如果逻辑上行得通,那就是现在分词,反之就是动名词。如:a flying bird换成a bird is flying后在逻辑上行得通,因此flying就是现在分词。a dining room换成a room is dining就行不通了,因此dining就是动名词。我们也可以把be换成for来进行检验。如:a barking dog换成a dog for barking,不符合逻辑和常识,因此,barking是现在分词。a swimming pool换成a pool for swimming就顺理成章了,因此swimming是动名词。动词-ing形式作宾语补足语(1)动词-ing形式和动词-ing形式短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(如see,observe,notice,watch,hear,smell,listen to,look at,feel等)以及其他使役、致使动词(如catch,set,have,make,get,start,leave,keep,find)的宾语后面,作宾语补足语。如:Do you think you can get the radio working?你认为你能修好这个收音机吗？ I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfish pond.我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。(2)在一些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略to的不定式宾补也可以接动词-ing形式宾补,其区别在:动词的-ing形式宾补表示动作正在进行,不是指全过程;不定式宾补表示动作的完成,指全过程。另外,短暂性动词的动词-ing形式宾补表示动作的反复,而不定式则表示动作的一次性。如:I saw the thief getting on the train.我看见那贼正在上火车。I saw the thief get on the train and disappeared.我看见那贼上了火车,消失了。He heard the door slamming.我听见门一直在砰砰作响。He heard the door slam.他听见门砰地响了一下。【活学活用】13.选择1)(2006安徽高考,28)Tom sounds very much _ in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A.interested B.interestingC.interestingly D.interestedly 2)My brother saw the children _ near my house when he went to work a