江苏省江阴市成化高级中学高中英语 Unit2 Witnessing time Welcome to the unit教案 牛津译林版选修9 (2).doc

unit 2 witnessing time welcome to the unit thoughts on the design:这是本单元的第一课时，主要是利用直观图片激发学生对本单元有关文化遗址这一话题的兴趣。本节课是以提高口头表达能力为主的教学课。通过创设各种情景引导学生对本单元话题进行操练。并通过本节课的学习，拓宽视野，不仅了解国内的，也了解更多有关世界其他国家文化遗产的知识，从而提高保护遗产的意识。teaching aims: after learning this section, the students will be able to get more information about a lot of world heritage sites and become more aware of the need to preserve the cultural heritages. they will improve their reading ability and speaking ability by reading, discussing and expressing their opinions about some historic sites. teaching procedures:step 1 leading in and brainstorming 1. lead in by asking the question: what can witness time? possible answers: 1) the precious antiques; 2) the historical documents (历史文献); 3) the historic sites (ppt5 在学生回答完上面问题后，呈现这些答案进行简单归纳。) show students an example: the picture of qinshihuangs mausoleum and terra-cotta army (ppt6 呈现这张图片举例说明historic sites , 并导入下文。) 2. have them try to think of some more famous chinese historic sites with the following question: can you name some famous chinese historic sites you are familiar with? possible answers: the great wall; the palace museum; zhoukoudian: home of the peking man; the mogao grottoes at dunhuang; the huangshan mountain; huanglong; qufu, confucius mansion, temple and cemetery; ancient buildings on the wudang mountain; potala palace ) （ppt7-ppt9） explanation俗话说“好的开端是成功的一半”，新课的引入是保证课堂教学成败的重要环节，因此，根据话题的内容、学生的兴趣等特点引入新课，充分调动学生的学习热情和兴趣，寓教于乐。通过直观图片，引起学生的兴趣。在要求学生列举熟悉的古迹时可以允许用中文来表述。 step 2 reading and exchanging information lead in by asking: do you know some historic sites in other countries? have you heard of them before? (ppt10) divide the students into four groups. give one group a paper which has the information about two world heritage sites, getting them to know some background information about them. each group has different sites. when reading, try to follow the following questions: 1. what is the chinese name?2. when and where wasbuilt？3. what was it used for?4. can you tell us more about it? (ppt11)after reading, get them to exchange the information about the heritage sites according one or two of the questions. （ppt14-25）before exchanging information, give them an example about the colosseum. (ppt12-13)1. whats the chinese name?2. when and where was the colosseum built? in the 1st century. in rome, italy.3. what was it used for? it was an amphitheatre or arena that was used for displays of combat and wild-beast shows.4. can you tell us more about it?/ can you tell me the other information? it was designed to hold 50,000 spectators.appendix: the information about more heritage sites:1. the angkor watangkor is one of the most important archaeological sites in south-east asia. stretching over some 400 km2, including forested area, angkor archaeological park contains the magnificent remains of the different capitals of the khmer empire, from the 9th to the 15th century. they include the famous temple of angkor wat and, at angkor thom, the bayon temple with its countless sculptural decorations. unesco has set up a wide-ranging programme to safeguard this symbolic site and its surroundings. there are two great complexes of ancient temples in southeast asia, one at bagan in burma, the other at angkor in cambodia. the temples of angkor, built by the khmer civilization between 802 and 1220 ad, represent one of humankinds most astonishing and enduring architectural achievements. from angkor the khmer kings ruled over a vast domain that reached from vietnam to china to the bay of bengal. the structures one sees at angkor today, more than 100 stone temples in all, are the surviving remains of a grand religious, social and administrative metropolis whose other buildings - palaces, public buildings, and houses - were built of wood and are long since decayed and gone.2. the colosseum the colosseum or flavian amphitheater was begun by vespasian, inaugurated by titus in the 1st century. and completed by domitian. located on marshy land between the esquiline and caelian hills, it was the first permanent amphitheater to be built in rome, italy. its monumental size and grandeur as well as its practical and efficient organization for producing spectacles and controlling the large crowds make it one of the great architectural monuments achieved by the ancient romans. the amphitheater is a vast ellipse with tiers of seating for 50,000 spectators around a central elliptical arena. below the wooden arena floor, there was a complex set of rooms and passageways for wild beasts and other provisions for staging the spectacles. eighty walls radiate from the arena and support vaults for passageways, stairways and the tiers of seats. at the outer edge circumferential arcades link each level and the stairways between levels.3. the st. basils cathedralthe famous st. basils cathedral was commissioned by ivan the terrible and built on the edge of red square between 1555 and 1561. legend has it that on completion of the church the tsar ordered the architect, postnik yakovlev, to be blinded to prevent him from ever creating anything to rival its beauty again. (he did in fact go on to build another cathedral in vladimir despite his ocular impediment!) the cathedral was built to commemorate ivan the terribles successful military campaign against the tartar mongols in 1552 in the besieged city of kazan. victory came on the feast day of the intercession of the virgin, so the tsar chose to name his new church the cathedral of the intercession of the virgin on the moat, after the moat that ran beside the kremlin. the church was given the nickname st. basils after the holy fool basil the blessed (1468-1552), who was hugely popular at that time with the muscovites masses and even with ivan the terrible himself. st. basils was built on the site of the earlier trinity cathedral, which at one point gave its name to the neighboring square.4. suzhou gardenssuzhou in jiangsu province is a famous historic and cultural city that is more than 2,500 years old. suzhou features more than 200 ancient gardens. the small private gardens are especially famous nationwide and reflect architectural styles of the song, yuan, ming and qing dynasties.5. notre dame de paris, france 巴黎圣母院the cathedral was completed by the end of the 13th century, with the exception of the western front.notre dame is a world heritage site steeped in history and characterized by its french-gothic architecture, natural-looking sculptures and beautiful stained glass windows. a stop-off at this fascinating cathedral is as important as visiting designer stores when in paris.6. the great barrier reef 大堡礁 the great barrier reef is the only living organic collective visible from earths orbit. the great barrier reef, off the east coast of australia, is one of the wonders of the natural world - it is the worlds largest coral reef ecosystem. it was declared a world heritage area in 1981 and added to the national heritage list in 2007. the reef is scattered with beautiful islands and idyllic coral cays and covers more than 300,000 square kilometres. the great barrier reef system consists of more than 3000 reefs which range in size from 1 hectare to over 10,000 hectares in area. dunk island is one of more than 600 islands of the great barrier reef.7. kremlin and red square 克里姆林宫和红场both the red square and the seat of government kremlin are located at the heart of moscow.the city of moscow was founded in 1156 as a seat for the czars. the current kremlin dates from the 19th century. it consists of several buildings: churches, palaces and places in political use. a red brick wall surrounds the complex. the st. basils cathedral is the well known, colorful building with the towers that decorates the red square. it is an example of classical russian building, and was founded by iwan the terrible. the colors were added later.8. longmen grottoesthe grottoes and niches of longmen contain the largest and most impressive collection of chinese art of the late northern wei and tang dynasties (316-907). these works, entirely devoted to the buddhist religion, represent the high point of chinese stone carving. justification for inscriptioncriterion (i): the sculptures of the longmen grottoes are an outstanding manifestation of human artistic creativity. criterion (ii): the longmen grottoes illustrate the perfection of a long-established art form which was to play a highly significant role in the cultural evolution of this region of asia. criterion (iii): the high cultural level and sophisticated society of tang dynasty china is encapsulated in the exceptional stone carvings of the longmen grottoes.9. the taj mahal palacethe taj mahal palace hotel resort was commissioned by jamsedji tata and first opened its doors to guests on december 16, 1903.it is widely believed that tata decided to build the luxurious hotel after he was refused entry to one of the citys grand hotels of the time, watsons hotel, as it was restricted to whites only. however, this story has been challenged by some commentators that suggest that jamsedji tata was unlikely to have been concerned with revenge against his british adversaries. instead they suggest that the taj was built at the urging of editor of the times of india who felt a hotel worthy of bombay was needed1.the original indian architects were sitaram khanderao vaidya and d. n. mirza, but the project was completed by an english engineer w. a. chambers. the cost of construction was 250000 (127 million today).2 during world war i, the hotel was converted into a 600-bed hospital. the dome of the hotel is made from the same steel as used in the eiffel tower. jamsedji tata imported the same steel during that time. the hotel was the first in india to install and operate a steam elevator.10. the london towerit has been the seat of british government and the living quarters of monarchs . the site of renown political intrigue, and the repository of the crown jewels . it has housed lions, bears, and (to this day) flightless ravens . not to mention notorious traitors and framed members of court, lords and ministers, clergymen and knights.the tower of london, founded by william the conqueror in 1066 has outstanding universal value for the following cultural qualities: its landmark siting, for both protection and control of the city of london: as the gateway to the capital, the tower was in effect the gateway to the new norman kingdom. sited strategically at a bend in the river thames, it has been a crucial demarcation point between the power of the developing city of london, and the power of the monarchy. it had the dual role of providing protection for the city through its defensive structure and the provision of a garrison, and of also controlling the citizens by the same means. the tower literally towered over its surroundings until the 19th century. as a symbol of norman power: the tower of london was built as a demonstration of norman power. the tower represents more than any other structure the far-reaching significance of the mid 11th-century norman conquest of england, for the impact it had on fostering closer ties with europe, on english language and culture and in creating one of the most powerful monarchies in europe. the tower has an iconic role as reflecting the last military conquest of england.11. venicevenice (italian: venezia, venetian: venesia or venexia) is a city in northern italy, the capital of the region veneto, a population of 271,251 (census estimate january 1, 2004). together with padua, the city is included in the padua-venice metropolitan area (population 1,600,000). venice has been known as the la dominante, serenissima, queen of the adriatic, city of water, city of bridges, and the city of light. it is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world.1the city stretches across 118 small islands in the marshy venetian lagoon along the adriatic sea in northeast italy. the saltwater lagoon stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the po (south) and the piave (north) rivers. the population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole comune of venezia; around 62,000 in the historic city of venice (centro storico); 176,000 in terraferma (the mainland), mostly in the large frazione of mestre and marghera; and 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon.the venetian republic was a major maritime power during the middle ages and renaissance, and a staging area for the crusades and the battle of lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain and spice trade) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century.12. yuanmingyuan parkthe yuanmingyuan park (yuan ming yuan) is located in the northeast part of beijing. it is a masterpiece of royal gardens in china and is worldly known as a famous scenic spot. the construction of the park buildings started in the 18th year of emperor kangxi in qing dynasty (1709a.d.), went through six emperors and finally finished building of yuanmingyuan park, chang chun garden, and wan chun garden, after more than 150 years. these three gardens are often referred to as a joint name: the yuanmingyuan park.the word yuanming in chinese means round and bright. the implication of the word here is: roundness is moderate while brightness will cover the whole nation. it is the doctrine of confucianism, and indicates that emperor kangxi was a brilliant leader who will bring happy life to people.the yuanmingyuan park covers a total area of 350 acres and the architecture area of 160, 000 square meters, 10,000 square meters larger than the forbidden city. inside the yuanmingyuan park, bridges are everywhere, about 100 bridges. scenic spots are all over, with more than 100 beautiful sights. buildings with carved beams and painted rafters, pavilions, studios are in various shapes and in different sizes, which made out of splendid materials.13. machu picchu (马丘比丘)fortunately for the world the spaniards never discovered mach picchu, and so one of the worlds most wondrous historical sites survived the wholesale destruction that befell many of the other sacred objects of the inca people. in 1911 hiram bingham, a yale archaeologist, rediscovered the ruins of machu picchu , in peru (秘鲁)_and a steady flow of adventurers has trekked there ever since. the self contained 5 square mile city of machu picchu, perched some 2,000 feet above the valley below, is thought to have been used by the incas as some kind of ceremonial city. machu picchu fell into disuse in the 16th century, but many of the structures are still well preserved, giving an amazing insight into a long lost and mysterious civilization.14. the statue of libertythe statue of liberty was a gift to the united states from the people of france, conceived and designed as a monument to a great international friendship. but its significance has broadened and for many people throughout the world it has become the recognized symbol of liberty. see dedication poem: the new colossus construction of the statue began in france in the year 1875, by sculptor auguste bartholdi. the final completion date of the individual sections was in june of 1884, and it stood in paris until it was dismantled in early 1885 for shipping to the us. engineering of the structures assembly was done by gustave eiffel. physical details: winds of 50 miles per hour cause the statue to sway 3 inches (7.62 cm) and the torch to sway 5 inches (12.7 cm). there are 25 windows in the crown which comprise the jewels beneath the seven rays of the diadem. the tablet which the statue holds in her left hand reads, in roman numerals, july 4, 1776 the day of americas independence from britain. explanation这一步骤中，由中国的遗址拓展到全世界，这些是书本第23页word power中要求了解的名胜古迹，所以通过欣赏更多的相关图片，同时根据这些图片精心设计有关问题自然引出与这些历史古迹有关的背景知识，目的是激发兴趣与导入本课主题，观赏图片把教学内容视觉化，通过补充阅读和小组信息交流的方式不仅培养了学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，而且培养了学生处理信息的能力。扩充阅读前的四个小问题有利于学生在阅读时把握要点、有话可说，增强任务的可操作性。可以根据班级实际，挑选使用部分材料。step 3 discussion (ppt26)1. some people hold the view that historic sites should be rebuilt. what do you think of it? （通过前面圆明园的图片导入讨论话题） 2. which modern buildings do you think will be famous in 1,000 years? why do you think so? explanation第一个讨论是社会上有争议的关于文化遗产重建的话题，第二个话题结合学生实际经验讨论一些他们所知道的标志性建筑（国内的或者所在城市的标志性建筑，如北京天安门、上海东方明珠、南京中山陵、苏州新博物馆等），挑战学生的发散思维能力和英语表达能力，提高学生对历史性建筑的认识。step 4 homework (ppt27)1. read a passage about more world heritage sites. 2. preview the new words of the reading. explanation通过第一个练习学生可以了解更多有关世界遗迹的知识，拓宽视野，教师也可以根据情况挑选更适合本地学生的材料；第二个练习是预习作业，为下一节课做好准备。appendix: the world heritage sites1. the great wallthe great wall, located in northern china, is 6,700 kilometers long and thus known as the “10,000-li great wall”. construction of the wall went on for more than 2,000 years, from 7th century to 14th century ad. the wall has become a symbol of both chinas proud history and its present strength.2. the palace museumthe palace museum, also called the forbidden city, is located in the center of beijing. the imperial palace used by emperors of the ming and qing dynasties is the largest and most complete ancient wooden-structure building complex in the world. construction of the forbidden city started in 1406 and lasted 14 years. 24 emperors were enthroned there.3. zhoukoudian: home of the peking manremains of the peking man (homo erectus) are located on the dragon bone hill at zhoukoudian village, fangshan district, beijing. in the 1920s, archaeologists discovered the complete skull of peking man. later, more skull bones as well as stone and bone instruments were unearthed. peking man lived 690,000 years ago, during paleolithic times. findings