词序、语序与倒装t.doc

词序、 语序 与 倒装 涂 兴 仁 一. 全部倒装1.表示地点的状语(表示地点的副词或介词短语)、表示动作方向的副词位于句首时, 全部倒装; 但是主语为人称代词时, 谓语动词不倒装。(here, there, in , out, away, up, down, along, into, among, below, under, between, .) Here comes your sister . There stood a desk . Between the two trees lies a horse . (但是: Here you are . Here it is . Towards me she walked . ) 2.表示时间的状语(now , then , soon , thus等 ) 位于句首, 且动词为come, go , begin, follow 等少数动词时, 全部倒装。 Now comes your turn . Then came the day of his examination . 3.动词be的表语位于句首时, 全部倒装。 Such are they . Among them were two girls . Best of all was this new design . Hanging on the wall was a beautiful painting . Fastened to the pole was the national flag . To be considered are the following questions . Gone for ever are the terrible days . 二. 谓语动词原形倒装1.as引导的让步状语从句, 动词原形位于句首。Try as she did , Mary couldnt persuade me . Call him as you may , he will not come . 2.though引导的让步状语从句, 动词原形可以位于句首。 Fail though he did , he was not disappointed . Come though you can , you cant attend the meeting .3.某些相当于让步状语从句的固定结构, 动词原形位于句首。 Come what may , I will support you . Say what you will , I wont change my mind . 4.表示祝愿的long开头的句子, 动词原形位于主语前。 Long live our motherland ! Long live our friendship !三. 部分倒装1.表示否定的状语位于句首时, (主句)部分倒装。 Hardly when, No sooner than , Not only but also , Neither nor , Not until ; Hardly , Rarely , Barely , Seldom , Never , Nowhere , No longer ; Not often , Not for a moment , At no time (永不), By no means , In no way ,In no case, On no account , In no circumstances(决不) , In vain(徒劳) , stillless (更别说) Hardly had we got on the bus when it began to rain . = No sooner had we got on the bus than it began to rain .(注意主句和从句的时态) Not only did he win the championship in the race , but he also broke the world record . (比较: Not only he but also I was late for school .) Neither at this meeting nor at the previous one did anyone raise the problem . (比较: Neither you nor he likes watching TV .) Not until he finished his job did he feel very tired . (比较: It was not until he finished his job that he felt very tired .) Hardly could I make sense of his words . Nowhere were they to be found . In vain did he persuade me to give up smoking . 2. 表示否定的宾语位于句首时, 部分倒装。 ( little, few, not a word, not a soul ) Little did he think of the consequence . Not a single word did she say for a whole hour . (比较: Few people knew the truth of the matter .)3.So that , Such that 结构中, 当so , such位于句首时,部分倒装。 So young was he that you must excuse him . Such a noise did Jimmy make that his sister told him to be quiet . 4.Neither , Nor , So , As开头的句子表示“也 / 也不”时, 部分倒装。 You havent read the book . Neither / Nor have I . If you leave next Sunday , so will I . Our eating habits have changed , as has our way of life . (比较: Mother told me to help her out and I did so . Its a fine day . So it is and so will it be tomorrow .)I came late to school and was scolded . So it was with Xiao Ming .= It was the same with Xiao Ming .= It was the case with Xiao Ming )5.Only 修饰状语(从句)位于句首时, (主句)部分倒装。 Only last year did he graduate from college . Only when I visited him did I realize how ill he was .6.某些状语位于句首时, 部分倒装。 ( often, well, long, gladly, many a time / day )Often did we swim in summer . Many a time has he tried that method . 7.表示祝愿的may位于句首。 May you succeed . May you be happy .8.if引导的虚拟从句, 省略if时, were, had, should位于主语前。 Were you to eat too much , it would cause weight problems . Had I come earlier . I would have caught the train . Should you be in trouble , they would help you . 9.含do you think / believe /.插入语的特殊疑问句。 Who do you think is the best player ? (比较: Who do you think he is ? )四. 非动词语序1.当as表示“尽管”时,可把表语/ 副词放as前。 Cold as / though the weather is , the boys are still playing outside . Child as / though he is , Xiao Ming can speak English . Hard as we worked , we all failed the exams . 2.however , no matter how 引导的从句。 She has the window open , however cold it is . No matter how carefully I explained , she still didnt understand . 3. too / so / as / how + 形容词 + a/an + 名词, much too +形容词 / 副词, too much + 名词 He is too young a boy to follow me . = He is so young a boy / such a young boy that he cant follow me . He is not so / as young a boy as I am . How nice a watch it is ! = What a nice watch it is ! = How nice the watch is ! Portia is so young a woman with so wise a head . There is too much money for her to spend . He is much too old to move about .4.倍数关系的语序结构。 (not) three times as as / three times more than / three times the size of / three times what/ three times sth This box is not three times as big as that one . I offered three times the money . You take three times more money than I do . (比较: You take more than three times your money .) more than a little + 形容词: “非常” little more than + 名词 / 数词: “不到, 只有, 只不过” She is more than a little tired . She felt tired and more than a little worried . He left little more than an hour ago . He was in point of fact (实际上) little more than thirty . He is little better than a thief .5.nothing / something / anything (else) + 形容词, 形容词 + enough , always / often / sometimes / really + be , another three chairs = three more chairs , many such people , all my / the books , half an hour There is nothing else important . It is a large enough coat . Is he always late ? Yes , he always is .The growing movement makes the most of British cultural diversity to see it as it really is .6.名词前的修饰语的语序:“先限定, 后描绘; 大三角, 新颜色; 国家材料有用途。” A good big round new yellow Chinese wood eating table 限定词 描绘性 大小 形状 新旧老少 颜色 国家的 材料 用途 中心词限定词: a,an,the;this,that,these,those;my,our;two,second;any,such,many,all,no 描绘性词: good , nice , beautiful , expensive, bad , .大小词: big , large , huge , vast , small , little , tiny , .形状词: round , square , flat , .新旧老少词:new , old , young , .颜色词: red , blue , white , yellow , brown , purple , .国家的词: Chinese , Japanese , American , .材料词: wood , gold , coffee , leather , glass , .用途词: eating , writing , .高 考 真 题 ( 1997-2012年 )1. _ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together . (97全国卷21)A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 2. If he had _ , Id visit Europe , stopping at all the small interesting places . (98全国卷11)A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough3. Well have to finish the job , _ . (99全国卷22)A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes 4. _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills . (00全国卷08)A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave5. It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science . (01全国卷28)A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 6. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _ . (02全国卷33)A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 7. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home . (03全国卷23)A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much8. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other . (03全国卷34)A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled C. have they quarrelled D. had they quarrelled9. I would never come to this restaurant again .The food is terrible ! _ . (04全国卷III32)A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I10.It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe . (04全国卷III33)A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much11.Lizzie was _ to see her friend off at the airport . (04全国卷IV33) A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad C. sad more than a little D. a little more sad than12.John Smith , a successful businessman , has a _ car . (04辽宁卷)A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white13.Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace . (04辽宁卷) A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find14. _ snacks and drinks , but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest . (04上海卷41)A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 15.The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years . (04江苏卷32)A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little16. _ students are required to take part in the boat race . (04浙江卷24)A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese17.It was _ back home after the experiment . (04湖北卷24)A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go18. I have always been honest and straightforward , and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to . A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom (04广东卷23)19.Of the making of good books there is no end ; neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives . A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there (04广东卷30)20.The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her . (04重庆卷33) A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income 21.I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies . (04重庆卷) A.I realized B.I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize22.Mary never does any reading in the evening , _ . (05全国卷III16) A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt too D. nor does John23. _ , the more expensive the camera , the better its quality . (05全国卷III17) A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally24.This _ girl is Lindas cousin . (05北京卷23) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish25.As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him . (05北京卷29) A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 26.Well , I do think the rabbit is a beautiful , gentle animal which can run very fast . _ . A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does (05辽宁卷32)27.In the dark forests _ , some large enough to hold several English towns . (05辽宁卷35) A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand28.At a rough estimate , Nigeria is _ Great Britain . (05上海卷28) A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 29.Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today . (05上海卷39)A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was 30.Mum is coming .What present _ for your birthday ? (05福建卷26)A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got31.Only after my friend came _ . (05福建卷32)A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired 32.What a table ! Ive never seen such a thing before . It is _ it is long . (05湖北卷28)A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half33.Father , you promised ! (05湖北卷34)Well, _ . But it was you who didnt keep your word first.A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did34.John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself . (05安徽卷31)A. five feet eight as tall as B. as tall as five feet eightC. as five feet eight tall as D. as tall five feet eight as 35.Maggie had a wonderful time at the party . _ , and so did I. (05安徽卷35)A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she 36. _ , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (05重庆卷27)A.A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student37. _ , Carolina couldnt get the door open . (05广东卷)A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try38. _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research .A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple (05江苏卷35)C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious39.Did Linda see the traffic accident ? (06天津卷03)No , no sooner _ than it happened .A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone40.Ive tried very hard to improve my English . But by no means _ satisfied with my progress .A. the teacher is not B. is the teacher not C. the teacher is D. is the teacher (06重庆卷)41.I reminded you not to forget the appointment . _ . (06江西卷31)A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I42.Never in my wildest dreams _ these people are living in such poor conditions . (06安徽卷31)A. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldnt imagine D. couldnt I imagine43.So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice . (06广东卷33)A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found44.At the foot of the mountain _ . (06四川卷28)A. a village lies B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village 45.Only then _ how much damage had been caused . (06陕西卷16)A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize46. _ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest . (06福建卷30)A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little 47.Its a burning hot day , isnt it ? Yes . _ yesterday . (06福建卷34)A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it 48. _ fired , your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (06湖北卷31)A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 49. _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies . (06浙江卷)A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet50.Although she did not know Boston well , she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building .A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily (06湖南卷)51.We all know that , _ , the situation will get worse. (07全国I28)A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 52.If Joes wife wont go to the party , _ . (07全国II11)A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will53. _ , his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting . (07重庆卷34)A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 54.Little _ that we were watching his every move , so he seemed to be going his own way in his business . (07安徽卷22)A. he realized B. he didnt realize C. didnt he realize D. did he realize55.My room gets very cold at night . _ . (07江苏卷31)A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does 56. _ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere . (07陕西卷10)A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business57.The lit