语法标注解释.doc

语法标注解释A指该形容词须直接置于所修饰的单词之后。 Eg:(T)the president elect.(F) the elect president./The president is elect. B指该形容词只能置于所修饰的单词之前。 Eg:(T)the front garden(F)The garden is front. C可数名词，可以用a/an/one修饰，亦可加-(e)s构成复数，用few/many等修饰。 Eg:a/onecat/adesire/anapplethree books/fewfactories/manyideas D通常不加the的名词。Eg:Whitehall/Santa Claus E指该形容词只用作或主要用作表语(predicative)，置于系动词之后。 Eg:(T)John is drunk.(F)John is a drunk man. F指后接单、复数动词均可的名词，如集合名词。 Eg:The Government has already made it clear./The Government are facing three crises.集合名词单数形后接动词，美式英语多用单数，英式英语则单、复数皆可。 G指该动词常用被动语态。 Eg:Please be seated. H指只与单数动词或单数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是单数亦可是复数)。 Eg:Our clothing protects us from the cold./Physics is an interesting subject and I like it very much. I指只与复数动词或复数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是复数亦可单数)。 Eg:What are his wages?/These jeans are pretty./All his cattle were grazing in the field. J系动词(linking verb)。这类动词与后接的表语(predicative)一起表述主语的特征或状态。表语可以是形容词、名词、副词，或介词短语等。 1、系动词形容词Eg:These apples taste nice.2、系动词名词Eg:The hall would make a good theater.3、系动词副词Eg:Whats on tonight?4、系动词介词短语Eg:She looks like her sister.5、系动词不定式Eg:He appears to be sincere.6、系动词动名词Eg:The difficulty is not knowing what to do.7、系动词从句Eg:The biggest problem was that we didnt have enough funds.K单复数同形。 Eg:This sheep looks small./All those sheep are ours. L指该及物动词在宾语后尚须接副词或介词短语。 Eg:(T)The porter set the suitcase down./She set the child in the chair.(F)The porter set the suitcase./She set the child.1、动词间接宾语直接宾语Eg:He gave me the book.2、动词宾语有to的不定式Eg:I asked him to help her.3、动词宾语无to的不定式Eg:We heard them talk in the next room.4、动词宾语v-ingEg:I saw him walking across the street.5、动词宾语that从句Eg:He told me that the problem had been solved.6、动词宾语wh-从句Eg:They asked her why she was absent.7、动词宾语过去分词Eg:Ill have my car repaired.8、动词宾语形容词Eg:He considered her suitable for the job.9、动词宾语名词Eg:I considered it a great honor.M指该词只用复数形。 Eg:The proportion of students in arts is high.指该词只用复数形式，须与the连用。Eg:The authorities in Russia have refused to compromise.指该词常用复数形式。Eg:meat and vegetables.N指该不及物动词必须后接副词或介词短语。 Eg:(T)Phil behaved rather oddly./ The mob behaved like animals.(F)Phil behaved./The mob behaved. O指该形容词可与the一起构成名词。 Eg:The poor are getting poorer and poorer./The deceased left almost nothing to his wife.P指该词只用单数形，通常与不定冠词连用。 Eg:Pride comes before a fall.指该词只用单数形式，通常与定冠词连用。Eg:The action takes place in a small town.指该词常用单数形式。Eg:They put him in a very difficult position. Q不可数名词。通常不与a/an/one连用，无复数，后接单数动词，用little/much等修饰。 Eg:little water/a lot of salt/some furniture/Air is a mixture of gases. R指该动词通常不用进行式。 Eg:(T)He knows how to swim.(F)He is knowing how to swim. S指该动词的宾语不可以是一个名词或代词，但可以是从句或其他短语。 Eg:Then, she added that she would call him again. T 指该形容词无比较级和最高级。 Eg:(T)a dead man(F)a deader man/the deadest man U指该词可后接if引导的从句。 Eg:Do you mind if I smoke? V指该动词可以后接v-ing。 Eg:Don tried to avoid answering her questions. W指该词常后接由某介词引导的短语或某副词,圆括号表示也可不接。用于及物动词时,表示在宾语后可接该介词引导的短语或副词,但也可不接。 1、动词Eg:We are talking (about the plan)./I love wandering (about)./Will you add some wood (to the fire)?/We saw him off (at the station).2、名词Eg:They had a long talk (with them).3、形容词Eg:She seemed tired (of his preaching). X指该词可后接that从句，圆括号表示that可省略。 1、动词Eg:I think (that) he is wrong.2、名词Eg:The reason (that) she didnt get the job was that her French was not good enough.3、形容词Eg:I am afraid (that) Tony wont come. Y指该词可后接to-v。 1、动词Eg:Mary wants to see you.2、名词Eg:The little girl has the ability to read and write.3、形容词Eg:I was glad to hear it. Z 指该词可后接what,why,when,where,who,whether,how等引导的从句或短语。 1、动词Eg:I wonder what re