高三英语二轮专项复习-阅读表达.doc

高三英语二轮专题复习 阅读表达Passage 1TOKYO (Reuters) - Japan plans to vaccinate 6,000 medical workers and quarantine officers with stockpiled bird flu vaccines to check their effectiveness and possible side-effects, the health ministry said on Tuesday.The plan, which follows suggestions made by some lawmakers and experts that vaccinations take place before a feared flu pandemic, will be submitted to a panel of experts for approval on Wednesday, an official said.If approved, vaccination will take place before the end of the fiscal year in March 2009, and mark the first case in the world in which the vaccines - based on strains of the H5N1 virus from China and Indonesia - have been given to such a large group of people prior to a possible pandemic.Japan has stockpiled vaccines for 10 million people using strains of the H5N1 virus from China, Indonesia and Vietnam. So far the governments stance has been to use them only after a breakout.If the first vaccination is deemed effective, the ministry will consider vaccinating an additional 10 million people, mainly those involved in maintaining social infrastructure such as gas and electricity networks, the official said.While it is impossible to predict what strain of the virus could trigger a pandemic, the main suspect is the H5N1 bird flu virus that has killed more than 200 globally.The government estimates that in a case of a pandemic, a quarter of the population could be infected with the virus and that up to 640,000 people would die.The stockpiled vaccines have already been approved in Japan and have been produced by the Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University and the Kitasato Institute, the ministry said.There have been 238 human deaths globally from the H5N1 strain since 2003, with Vietnam and Indonesia accounting for most fatalities, the WHO said.73. Why will Japan vaccinate so many medical workers and quarantine officers with stockpiled bird flu vaccines? (不超过8个字)74. Only under what circumstance does the Japanese government use the stockpiled vaccines?不超过10个字）75. If the first vaccination proves effective, who will be mainly involved in the vaccination at once ? (不超过8个字) Passage 2Starting in the 1800s, hundreds of thousands of Americans decided to move away from the original 13 colonies and move west .States like Oregon and California didnt exist yet; in fact, no one had even drawn a complete map of the area .Explorers like Lewis and Clarke were the first to brave nature and hostile Native Americans to explore the land, and settlers soon followed. Not like today-there are airplanes and roads, the trek to the West was hard. And life in the Wild West was difficult.When pioneers arrived at their destination, their journey only just began. With few resources, settlers had to rely on themselves and the land. Hunting wild animals provided some food and the leather for clothing. New settlers also gathered wild fruits, nuts, and berries until they could plant their own crops.Pioneer families tended to be large. Children were helpful in new lands. Girls soon learned important household tasks gathering, cooking, spinning, weaving, mending, sewing, and making soap and candles. Boys worked in the wood and fields with their fathers. They learned to chop wood, to clear out brushes and to build fences.Of course, pioneers had more to worry about than just everyday household duties. The arrival of so many Americans on the western frontier sparked a war with Mexico over land. As pioneers demanded more land, problems with Native American tribes also increased. Many tribes resisted and fought back against the American government and settlers, but all of the tribes were defeated.Through their labors and accomplishments, pioneers helped define the character of America. Looking for opportunity and happiness, families risked their lives to build new communities far from the settled east coast.73. Whats the whole passage talked about? （回答词数不超过5个）74. Why was life in the Wild West difficult? （回答词数不超过5个）75. What was the probable attitude of Native American tribes towards the new settlers? （回答词数不超过6个）Passage 3Desegregation (废止种族隔离) of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses. The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for low and middle class white students, especially at institutions that adopted open admissions policies of accepting all high school graduates.Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 34,000 to over 750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million.In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly (主要地)black.Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States.Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems.College completion rates for young blacks have increased considerably, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3 percent of whites in that age group had completed college.Blacks continue to be considerably under represented in graduate and professional schools in the United States. During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, but over half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline education. In general, since the cry of reverse discrimination was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed. 73. What brought about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities? (回答词数不超过7个)74. According to the passage, where did the most educational and professional successful blacks graduate from? (回答词数不超过5个)75. What can be inferred about the higher education for blacks in the United States? (回答词数不超过10个)Passage 4Culture shock is a special disease for people who have suddenly moved to a foreign country. Like most illnesses, it has its own symptoms and cures.Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs of social communication. Those signs include many ways in which we are used to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say, when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to do shopping, when to accept and refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These signs, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend on hundreds of these signs, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when a person enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are eliminated. No matter how broadminded or full of good will you may be, a series of supports have been removed from under you, followed by a feeling of failure in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes discomfort. The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad. When foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure that they are suffering from culture shock.Another phrase of culture shock is regression (退化) ?The home environment suddenly becomes very important. To the foreigner, everything becomes unreasonably beautified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. 73. In what situation do people suffer from culture shock? (回答词数不超过8个) 74. What do people suffering from culture shock usually do? (回答词数不超过9个)75. What causes culture shock according to the passage? (回答词数不超过10个)Passage 5Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of, say, the construction of a supersonic(超声速的) jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of societys available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly. 73. How can we deal with the relative scarcity of resources ? (回答词数不超过9个)74. According to the passage, what is the relationship between production and resources? (回答词数不超过8个)75. What does this passage mainly discuss? (回答词数不超过6个)Passage 6Lets pretend were sailing down the Rhine River on a pleasure boat. The Rhine is one of the main waterways of Germany and the river traffic is heavy. Its interesting to watch the many boats going up and down the river. But the river traffic is not nearly so interesting as the beautiful scenery along the banks and hillsides. The boat is passing many old castles. We can see people working in the vineyards (葡萄园) on the hillsides. There are vineyards as far as the eye can see. Wine from the Rhine Valley is well-known all over the world.Suddenly our boat slows down and begins to turn a little. We are coming to a sharp bend in the river.On our right we can see a rocky cliff over 400 feet high. At first it looks quite ordinary, but there is nothing ordinary about it. There are many stories, poems, and songs about the cliff. We are looking at the Lorelei.Then someone on the boat begins to sing in German, the song of the Lorelei. It is a song about a siren who has lured many sailors to their deaths.The beauty is supposed to sit on the rock combing her long golden hair and singing. The sailors who hear her forget to steer, and the current of river hurls their boats on the rocks and dashes them to pieces.Soon other people on the boat begin to sing. The beautiful song adds to special magic to the moment, and you begin to realize why so many people have made this trip down the Rhine to see the rock of the Lorelei. 73. What is the song of the Lorelei about?(回答词数不超过8个)74. What is the Rhine Valley famous for? (回答词数不超过6个)75. Whats the writers opinion about the rocky cliff? (回答词数不超过5个)Passage 7Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami, adding weight to notions that they possess a sixth sense for disasters, experts said on Thursday.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean islands coast seemingly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found. No elephants are dead, not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening. H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lankas Wildlife Department, said on Wednesday.The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km (2 miles) inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lankas biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards. There has been a lot of anecdotal evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven, said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. There have been no specific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting, he said. Other authorities agreed with this assessment. Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters, said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators(捕食其他动物的动物).The .notion of an animal sixth sense or some other mythical power-is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lankas battered coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls as signs of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.The tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean on Sunday. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. 73. What does the term “sixth sense” in the text mean? (回答词数不超过8个)74. What is the authors purpose to quote Clive Walkers words? (回答词数不超过8个)75. In the authors opinion, why could wild animals have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami? (回答词数不超过8个)Passage 8Native TongueAt first Kate thought the Romanian girl could not speak and understand English. Nadia would not reply to anything Kate said. Kate was in charge of showing Nadia around on her first day at Buckminster Grade School. Kate could not figure out why the school had put Nadia in a class where she could not understand what people were saying.Why did they do this? Kate wondered aloud. I mean, you cant learn if you cant understand the teacher.Nadias voice was a whisper. I understand English. 1 will learn. Nadias English was perfect.Kate was perplexed. She couldnt understand why Nadia did not like to speak. Then she realized that moving to a new country probably wasnt the easiest thing to do. There were hundreds of unfamiliar and unusual things to learn-all at the same time.Therere a lot of new things to learn, huh? said Kate.Nadia nodded rapidly. In a quiet voice she replied, Many things people say, I do not understand. I have been speaking English and Romanian all my life, but I do not know what some children are saying. For example, yesterday a boy asked if I could help him find the USB port on a thin black box he was carrying. Isnt a port a place for ships? I was confused.Dont worry, said Kate. Youll figure everything out in time. You see, that thin black box was a computer. A USB port is a place where you can connect other machines to a computer. Nadia and Kate were quiet after that. They took notes while the teacher gave a maths lesson. To Kate surprise, Nadia put up her hand and offered to answer questions at the blackboard.Nadia handled every question the teacher gave her. Some of the questions were really difficult, and no one understood what was going on except Nadia and the teacher. When the teacher said that Nadia answered everything correctly, the whole class clapped their hands.Nadia was smiling when she sat back down next to Kate. Some things, she said in a normal voice, are the same all over the world. 73. What made Kate perplexed?(回答词数不超过5个).74. Why didnt Nadia like to speak? (回答词数不超过10个)75. At the beginning, Nadia was very shy. But what do you know about her later? (回答词数不超过6个)Passage 9What would you do if a hungry shark attacked you? Why sharks attack?No one knows why sharks attack people. Scientists say that it may be a case of mistaken identity? To a shark, a swimmer can look like a seal (海豹). And many sharks eat seals.Tourism may be a bigger problem. Many people want to see sharks up close. So they throw fish parts into the sea. Hungry sharks then swim toward the tourists boats. Sharks may learn to go to the same places again and again to find food.Sharks may not even like how people taste. Scientists point out that sharks often leave after just one bite. Of course, even a single shark bite can be deadly.Whos afraid of whom?Shark attacks are nasty. Luckily, they are also rare. Worldwide, sharks attack fewer than a hundred people a year. Only about six die. Overall, though, sharks have far more reasons to fear us than we have to fear them.All sorts of sharksAbout 400 shark species swim in the worlds o