高英上册修辞整合.doc

Lesson 1Metaphor:dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etcform a closely knit guild. Simile:a vast sombre cavern of a roomOnomatopoeia:creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashingPersonification:The Middle Easter bazaar takes you.dancing flashesThe beam sinkstaut and protestingHyperbole:takes you .hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuriesLesson 2Metaphor I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came to an end.I was again crushed by the thought.when the meaning . sank in, jolting me.Metonymy.little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers .struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactMetonymy can be derived from various sources:Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasanteg: He was sentenced to prison-He is now living at the governments expenses.The boy is a bit slow for his age.to go to heaven-deadto go to the bathroom, do ones business, answer the natures call, put an end to my life.Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.Irony:Hiroshima-the Liveliest City in Japanthe good fortune that my illness has brought meAnti-Climax:a town known throughout the world for its-oystersAlliteration:slip to a stoptested and treatedRhetorical QuestionWas I not at the scene of the crime? Lesson 3understatement： The prospects of a good catch looked bleak. (bleak: hopeless) alliteration: Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef. metaphor: This “noctilucent cloud” occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness.rhetorical question:But, without even considering that threat, shouldnt it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we cant see these clouds for what they area physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?metonymy: We have reshaped a large part of the earths surface with concrete in our cities.Lesson 5Metaphor: They will be rounded up in hordes.I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold.Means of existence is wrung from the soil. cataract of horrorsrid the earth of his shadow.liberate people from his yokeThe scene will be clear for the final act.Alliteration: dull, drilled, docile.for his hearth and homewith its clanking, heel-clicking.Assonance: the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive wordsclanking, heel-clicking,cowing and tying .plodding on like crawling locusts, .smarting from many a British whipping.easier and safer preyRepetition: We have but one aim and one single purposenothing will turn us-nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate.This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastlyParallelism: The past, with its crimes,its follies, and its tragedies.I see,.I see.the return of the bread-winner,of their champion, of their protector We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the airAny man or state. Any man or state.Let us. Let us.Noun phrases: I had not the slightest doubt where .With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences: When I awoke on.invasion of Russia.If Hitler imagines that. woefully mistaken. Lesson 6Metaphor:.the nerves of both . were excessively frayed.his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone .withered.self-assurance.flickered.The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himIll spell it out.Euphemism:.and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the bartheyll throw the book,.Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongue 1. As a result the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.2. The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.3. His wife shot him a swift, warning glance.4. You drove there in your fancy Jaguar, and you took a lady friend.5. The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.6. Her voice was a whiplash.7. Eyes bored into him.8. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly.lesson 9 （p. 162 exercise X）1)antithesis 2)euphemism 3)metonymy 4)alliteration 5)alliteration 6)personification 7)euphemism 8)antithesisMetaphor: Mark Twain - Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night.main artery of transportation in the young nations heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States All would resurface in his books.that he soaked up.Steamboat decks teemed.main current of.but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand.the epidemic of gold and silver fever.Twain began digging his way to regional fame.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.took unholy verbal shots. Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of.a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:.cruise through eternal boyhood and .endless summer of freedom.The cast of characters. - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember . the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies.the river had acquainted him with .to literatures enduring gratitude.an entry that will determine his course forever.the grave world smiles as usual.Bitterness fed on the man.America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:.between what people claim to be and what they really are.took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:.mens final release from earthly struggle Alliteration:.the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.with a dash and daring.a recklessness of cost or consequences.Metonymy:.his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeSynecdocheKeelboats,.carried the first major commerce Lesson 10. (p.180) 1)snowball: metaphor; grow or develop rapidly 2)circus atmosphere: metaphor; riotous holiday spirit 3)sprout: metaphor; grow or spring up quickly 4)spar: metaphor; fight with words, engage in argument 5)thunder: metaphor; say loudly and angrily 6)like a prairie fire: simile; spreading quickly, rapidly and overcoming all obstacles 7)scorch: metaphor; wither, thoroughly defeat hot breath of his oratory: metaphor; the fiery speech, the caustic condemnation 8)a duel: metaphor; a life and death struggle 9)a storm of applause：metaphor；loud applause by many people 10)the oratorical duel：metaphor；the speech contest 11)spring the trump card：metaphor；take the most decisive course of action which one believes cannot fail 12)oratorical storm，blew up：metaphors；the great debate that took place like a fresh wind：simile；brought new and healthy changesThe great debate initiated by Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone in the little court in Dayton brought new and healthy changes throughout the schools and legislative offices of the United States1)hyperbole 2)transferred epithet 3)synecdoche 4) ridicule 5)sarcasm 6)irony 7)sarcasm 8)antithesis 9)hyperbole 10)ridicule，simile 11)ridicule 12)oxymoranMetaphor:No one,. that may case would snowball into. .our town .had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street .sprouted with .He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.champion had not scorched the infidels.after the preliminary sparring over legalitiesSimile:.swept the arena like a prairie fire.a palm fan like a sword. Metonymy.tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers.The Christian believes that man came from above. .below.Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldRidicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted .Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn.Repetition: The truth always wins.the truth.the truth.Pun:Darwin is right - inside.Oxymoron: formed by conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms. Malone called my conviction a victorious defeat.bitter sweet memories proud humilityorderly chaosa damned saintan honourable villain.Irony:marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryHiroshima-the liveliest city in the world.Transferred epithetTwo high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydons cheeks.two points of high colour (high colour 指红晕) lesson 11Personification:The storm.that greeted.An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment.The Yew York Times, .felt it The Journal .saw.Alliteration:.very little light on Lincoln.on LifeSarcasm: a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.so simple a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.Assonance:The difference between the much-touted . and the much clouted .Synecdoche:But neither his vanity nor his purse is .What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges.MetonymyThe Washington Post, .keep Your Old Webstersin short, .written in the language that the 3rd International describes.Zeugma: the use of a word to modify or govern 2 or more words usu. In such a manner that it applies to each in different sense or makes sense with only oneThe issue of New York Times hail the Second as the authority and the Third as a scandalTo wage war and peaceWith weeping eyes and hearts lesson 13parody Britannia Rues the WavesThis is a parody of Britains proud boast, Britannia Rules the Waves.Rule, Britannia is a famous naval song much sung and played in the British Navy from the date of its first performance in 1740 to the present day, and generally recognized today as the official march of the Royal Navy. It was written by James Thomson and set to music by Dr. Thomas Arne (1740). The song runs like this:When Britain first, at Heavens command,Arose from out the azure main,This was the charter of her land,And guardian angels sang the strain:Rule, Britannia! Britannia, rules the waves!Britons never shall be slaves.The author means that today, instead of ruling the waves, Britain is sorry that it has lost its dominance on the high seas.Metaphor：Carving their way into the international shipping trade.But they make it easier to weather the bad times,Lesson 15课后练习 第10题 1)on a less practical plane 2)And now see how I stand, as sentimental and sensitive as any old maid 3)clear of cloud 4)I would never have believed in the simple blis