Working At Heights Safe work instruction 安全工作指导 非洲矿业有限公司AML HSE安全管理制度 英文版.docx

AFRICAN MINERALS LTDDocument No:SWI-0414Project No:MH0046WORKING AT HEIGHTSRevision:0Date :2010-04-24Page No:6 of 6SAFE WORK INSTRUCTIONSWI-0414WORKING AT HEIGHTSDocument Custodian:Manager HSEDocument Approved: TABLE OF CONTENTS1.SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES22.PROCEDURE22.1General22.1.1Training22.1.2Hierarchy of Controls22.1.3Avoid or Reduce Exposure to Elevated Works.23.PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS33.1Fall Prevention, Fall Restraint and Fall Arrest33.1.1Fall Prevention33.1.2Fall Restraint33.1.3Fall Arrest34.USE OF FALL PREVENTION EQUIPMENT34.1Inspection34.2Harnesses, Lanyards and Equipment34.3Self Retracting Lanyards34.4Pendulum Effect34.5Static Lines and Anchorages34.6Detaching and Reattaching Lanyards34.7Protection of Personnel Working Below34.8Tools and Equipment35.REFERENCES36.FORMS31. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVESTo establish a common understanding of the responsibilities of employees and supervisors who are assigned or are assigning task to be performed in elevated areas during the construction of the Project.2. PROCEDURE2.1 GeneralAll work that is to be undertaken in elevated positions shall be subjected to the following controls.2.1.1 TrainingAll personnel are to be trained and provided with adequate instruction and supervision in regard to all relevant aspects of fall prevention and the use of fall arrest equipment where required.Training may include but not be limited to: Formal industry or external training; Formal in house on-site training; Site induction; On the job training; and On the job mentoring with other competent personnel for “New to Industry and Young EmployeesTraining outcomes and competencies are to be assessed and recorded by a competent person following any chosen training program, prior to allowing any untrained personnel to work at heights.2.1.2 Hierarchy of ControlsWhen assessing the risks of working at height always consider risk reduction using the hierarchy of controls method, note that PPE is the last resort method of control.The hierarchy of controls is simply described as the preferred order of control measures: Elimination of the hazard (i.e. eliminate the risk of a fall) Substitution of the work method (use of EWPs and scissor lifts, assembly of steel on the ground in modules). Isolation of the hazard ( put physical barriers in place, cover up holes etc, use of fall restraint equipment e.g. inertia reel lanyards) Engineering controls (modify tools to prevent slippage, tie-off ladders) Administration controls (signs, bunting, JSAs, procedures, site rules) PPE - Personnel Protective Equipment (fall arrest harnesses and shock absorbing lanyards).2.1.3 Avoid or Reduce Exposure to Elevated Works.Consider the possibility and feasibility of assembly of any structure or equipment at or on ground level to allow modularisation of structures and or equipment to minimise the exposure to work at heights.Assess the possibility of scaffolding, temporary work platforms complete with handrails toe boards and access, elevated work platforms or use of crane hoisted workboxes. (See Form SWI-F0414A Workbox Permit)Consider the use of temporary perimeter guardrails, rigid steel mesh fastened over open steel work.As a last resort assess the requirements for personal protective equipment such as full body harness, lanyard, fall arresters and static lines.3. PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMSAll personal fall protection systems such as safety harness, lanyards and static lines shall be manufactured in accordance with current Statutory Standards.3.1 Fall Prevention, Fall Restraint and Fall Arrest3.1.1 Fall PreventionFall Prevention must be always considered first, when putting in place control measures for any identified hazard. Fall prevention can be simply described as:The elimination or reduction of the risk of a fall from heights, enabling a person to move safely to and from the workplace.e.g.: Use of physical barriers; Covering of floor openings; Use of scaffolding and ladders; Use of elevating work platforms and scissor lifts; and Use of man cages (workboxes).3.1.2 Fall RestraintFall Restraint should also be considered when assessing the risk of a fall. Fall Restraint can be simply described as:The constraint of a person using Harnesses, Waist Belts and Lanyards thereby Eliminating the Risk of a Fall.Fall restraint is particularly useful to enable personnel to safely work off ladders and near edges of structures. Basically movement is restricted to the extent that it prevents a person going near openings edges or falling from ladders.e.g.: use of self retracting lanyards (inertia reels); and physical restriction of movement at edges or openings using harnesses, short slings and lanyards without shock absorbers fitted.3.1.3 Fall ArrestFall Arrest must be always considered a last resort, when putting in place control measures for any identified hazard. Fall arrest can be simply described as:The supporting of a person after a fall from heights has occurred, to prevent the person striking the ground.4. USE OF FALL PREVENTION EQUIPMENTA full body harness complete with shock absorber lanyard shall be supplied to all personnel who are required to work at heights, where the risk of a fall cannot be eliminated by other means. Remember: A full body harness fitted with a lanyard or inertia reel without a shock absorber fitted, when set up correctly can prevent a fall from heights4.1 InspectionAll fall arrest equipment shall be inspected by its user prior to usage. In addition an inspection program shall be implemented and all such equipment shall be inspected by a competent person. Inspection shall be carried out quarterly with inspection information recorded on the Safety Harness Inspection Record.4.2 Harnesses, Lanyards and EquipmentThe fall arrest harness shall comprise a single assembly of interconnected shoulder and leg straps. It shall not be capable of being separated into two or more elements without damage, which will render all parts unusable.The harness shall incorporate attachment hardware for attachment to the lanyard assembly, located in such a position that the wearer whether conscious or unconscious is retained in the head up position in the event of a fall.The harness should be connected to a lanyard incorporating a shock absorber (only when used as fall arrest) and be fitted with double action devices and as an assembly. Karabiners fitted with screw-locks are preferred instead of double acting snap hooks. Snap hooks without a double locking device or action must NOT be used.Equipment must be regularly inspected for signs of any damage from cutting or abrasion as outlined in this safe work procedure.Workers using safety harnesses who are outside the safety of handrails must be attached to an anchor point or a fall arrest safety system at all times.Workers using safety harnesses must not work alone. A worker suspended in a full body harness should be rescued as soon as possible, time is a critical factor in a persons medical condition and recovery after a fall has occurred.Scaffolders must provide a safe system of work or use fall protection devices including harnesses and lanyards.4.3 Self Retracting LanyardsSelf-retracting lanyards can be used to prevent falls where workers are required to carry out their work near an unprotected edge.Self-retracting lanyards are not designed for continuous support but become effective in the event of a fall. They should not be used as working supports by locking the system and allowing it to support the user during normal work.Inertia reels may be less effective for certain applications, e.g. stopping a person falling down an inclined surface. Inertia reels should be only sited from vertical to 45 degrees. A site test should be carried out if it is to be used on a slope less than 45 degrees.Self-retracting lanyards and safety harnesses can be used with a static line or fixed anchorages.4.4 Pendulum EffectThis is a potential hazard with the use of individual fall arrest systems.Swinging down can occur if an inertia reel or work positioning device is extended diagonally so that the line makes an extreme angle with the perimeter edge of the structure.In this situation, the forces generated in an arrested fall over the edge will cause the line to rotate back along the perimeter edge until it reaches a position directly in line with the anchorage point of the inertia reel and at right angles with the perimeter edge.As the line moves back in this way, its unsupported section lengthens, thus dropping the attached worker further than the original (arrested) fall distance. If the length of the unsupported line equals the height of the building then the worker will hit the ground.To eliminate the pendulum effect, place the anchorage point perpendicular to the position of the line at the perimeter edge. A mobile anchorage helps here. The use of second anchorages and belay devices is another way of minimising this effect.Swing back in an arrested outward fall, particularly from a perpendicular edge, a person will swing back into the building structure and collide with any obstructions in the path of the swing. If this situation can arise, the use of an individual fall arrest system should be re-assessed.4.5 Static Lines and AnchoragesAny static line or anchorage used in a fall arrest system shall be manufactured in accordance with current Australian Standards. Static lines and anchorages shall have an approved shock absorbing mechanism installed on at least one end of the static line. Any steel wire rope used in fall arrest systems shall have a minimum diameter of 10mm and a minimum breaking strength of 80kn (Kilo Newtons). All static lines shall be erected in such a manner so as to ensure that the static lines or associated equipment are not subjected to damage as a result of being exposed to sharp edges, hot work, equipment falling on or against them or chemicals, paints or alkalis.When wire cable is used as a static line, end connections shall a minimum consist of three double threaded cable clamps at both ends of the cable. All anchorage points shall designed and erected to ensure they have a minimum breaking strength of 22 kn.Static lines shall be erected at a practical height above employees who are to use it, which will ensure the distance of any potential fall is minimized and under no circumstances exceeds 1.8 metres.All anchorage shall be inspected by the employees using the static line prior to each use to ensure the anchorage has not been subjected to any damage or alteration.In the event that any of the safety devices incorporated in the fall arrest system have been damaged, removed or altered the systems shall be deemed to be out of service until such time as the areas of concern have been replaced, re-instated or alterations have been reversed. Any equipment that is found in a damaged condition shall not be used in a fall arrest system.4.6 Detaching and Reattaching LanyardsAt all time when working in elevated positions attachment to any fall arrest system shall be carried out from the safety of a completed platform. Anchorages shall where practicable be installed in such a manner that will prevent the need for personnel to detach their lanyard for any reason. Where this situation is not practicable two lanyards will be attached to the full body harness to enable the person to b