华工考研复试攻略.doc

复试英语1. 自我介绍(self-introduce)Good morning (afternoon), teachers. Im glad to be here for this interview. First of all, let me have a self-introduce. My name is , 23 years old. I come from College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering of University, which is located in , a beautiful and centuried city of Hubei. I major in applied chemistry. Generally speaking, I am a concentrated and hard working student, especially do the thing I am interested in and I have a strong ability of self-study. When I graduated from middle school, I bought a book of computer and learn it myself. From the day I come to university, I read far-ranging to broaden my horizon, and, as well, I study hard to know well about professional skill. In the second semester of sophomore, I was lucky enough to enter in my teachers lab for study and I spent the whole summer holidays in the lab. Here, I learned the data handling software of Origin and I am able to use it freely. In this condition, in the winter holidays of junior, I written a paper and published it in the journal of . Moreover, for the summer between my junior and senior year, I went to Wuhan University to learn the software of molecular modeling of Sybyl8.0 and Im familiar with the basic function. Besides the characters above, Im also a person who is open-minded, smart in thought and with the spirit of creative and persistence. In my spare time, I like reading and sports, such as running, playing basketball, playing tennis and so on. During the days preparing for the entrance exams for postgraduate, I insist on running and I can concentrate on my study every day, no matter what the weather was like. I believe that “Where there is a will, there is a way”. Now all my hard work got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.I hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate course in South China University of Technology. I will soon prove that your decision of choosing of me is the wisest. Thank you for giving me such a valuable chance. Thats all, thank you for you attention.2.考研原因 (reasons for my choice)First, I have a great interest in doing research, and I wish to get a further study to realize my self-value. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life. Life is short, but precious. It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially in this competitive modern world.Then, I was influenced by the trend of the craze for graduate school in some degree. We know that it is not easy to get a job for undergraduate and the life pressure is high. We have to improve our logical thinking ability, life skill and educational background, which may put us in a favorable position in the future jobmarket.The last but not the least, I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer. In my opinion, as one of the most famous university in our country, it provides us with enough room to develop ourselves.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after several years study here.3.研究生期间你的计划 (plans in the postgraduate study) First, if I have the opportunity to study in South China University of Technology, Ill dabble in as much as document about the specialty as possible to form systematic view of my major whatever I learn. At the same time, Ill try my best to improve my speaking skill and my English language ability.On the basis of familiar with my specialty, Ill try to find a breakthrough point and design my own experiment. In this period, the discussion with my teacher and the fellows is necessary. After this, begin my experiment and write the corresponding paper. The impact factor and the authority of the journal are important. If possible or necessary, I will go on with my study for a doctorate degree.4 .介绍你印象深刻的老师(about your teacher)The teacher who made a deep impression on me was my amateur research teacher. He always looks so kind and tries his best to give us valuable instruction in our life, study and work. And he has been voted as one of the most popular teacher with the students once. When I enter in his lab, I feel the personality charm of him from the bottom. I learnt not only specialty and experiment skill from him, but also logical thinking ability and life skill. So I am really appreciated of him.5.你的家庭(about family)There are four members in my family, my parents, my sister and me. My sister has got married and has her own little family. My parents do a dicker of breakfast. They are very laborious. They get up at half past four and work until twelve oclock. Of course, when I am at home, Ill do a favor. They never have a weekends or holidays. Spring Festival is a feast for them, and that is the only holidays after a year-round busy. Although they are busy in the forenoon, we go to the park near-by in the afternoon sometimes or go to shopping when there is a discount. During my preparing for coming here, my parents love and support have always been my power and I hope in the future I will be able to repay them.6.你的大学(about university)I studied in (Yangtze University). It located in Jingzhou, a famous historical city in Hubei province. It was founded in 2003 by combined four schools together and covers 26 disciplines. It is a comprehensive university with efforts of generations after the reform and opening up. Although it is not well known, I still appreciate it, because it offers me a chance to develop my abilities. The library meet us the demand of knowledge and enrich our brains. The computer center makes us know more about the world and broaden our horizon. The teacher is kind and dedicated. During my college years, I have made rapid and great progress in many areas, as a student, I work very hard and familiar with my specialty; as an amateur researcher, I work earnestly, also gain good comments from my teachers. In a word, I learned a lot in my college life.7. 你的爱好（Do you have any hobbies）In my spare time, I like reading, surfing the Internet, playing badminton， climbing, communicating with my friends, and so on.Among all my hobbies, I like reading best, especially the books about computer. Once I have the idea that I should major in computer science and technology. Its just a joke. I love my major now as well. As we know, with the development of the society, computer will be widely use in our daily life. It is essential for us to know more about computer. We can obtain a large of information from the internet and get advanced knowledge and technology from other nations through it. Moreover, it can make our life easier, for instance, if we meet troubles which we cannot handle with, we can get help from the internet. Remember that shopping online is helpful as well.8、毕业后的打算(your plan after finish your postgraduate)After I finish my postgraduate, I have two choices, work or study continuous to get a doctor degree. As for which choice I will take, it depends on the social situation. For my personal side now, I am partial to work, I need to consider for my family after all and my parents are older day after day. There is an old saying “The tree wants to be still, but the wind is blowing; the son wants to show his respect, but his parents have gone”. As a traditional Chinese, I think to be filial is important.9、介绍最好的朋友（best friend）专业英语汉译英1、烷烃的氧化选择性在化工生产中十分重要译：The selective oxidation of alkane is very important in chemical production.2、如图一所示,在最佳的条件下,甲烷的转化率达到百分之九十。译：As the figure 1 shows, at the best condition, the coversion rate of methane is 90 percentage.3、烷烃的转化在工业生产中很有用，可以生产很多化学药品译：The coversion of alkane is very usful, which can produce a lot of chemicals.4、烷烃的选择性氧化对化学工业非常重要，因为它可以产出一系列含氧化合物。译：The selective oxidation of alkane is very important in chemical industry, because it can produce a series of oxygenated chemicals.5、图标所示,甲烷的转化率是85 ，氢气的选择性是95译：As the figure shows, the coversion of methane is 85% and the selective of hydrogen is 95%. 6、在1000摄氏度下，甲烷的转化率为90%。译：At 1000 centigrade, the coversion of methane was 90%.7、图1 显示了这种反应器的设计概念。译：The figure 1 shows the design concept of the reactor.英译汉1、please do remind me when we arrive at west lake hotel?2、Sir，wouldyoupleaseremindmetogetoffat thewestlakehotelstation。3、Sir，could you please remind me to get off at the station of west lake hotel? 译：先生，请提醒我在西湖宾馆站下车。4、你去过国外吗?，老实说,在我去欧洲之前还没有去过其他任何国家（中文）译：Have you ever gone aboard? To be honest, I have never gone other country before I went to Europe.5、飞机上的每位乘客最多只能带60公斤的行李，手提行李除外译：Every passenger on the plane can take not more than 60 kilogram luggage 短文1、读研期间的打算2、用英语介绍一下你最喜欢的老师（用三分钟讲一个令你记忆深刻的老师）3、读完研后有什么打算、计划（what is your plan after you finish your postgraduate career）4、你今后三年的打算或10年5、介绍一个你最好的朋友6、my university and my major7、the relationship between health and happiness（生科院）8、自我介绍专业面试问题（汉语）1、有关于石墨和金刚石的性质，结构相关的问题，（金刚石和石墨的硬度，熔点为什么不同？；石墨和金刚石物理性质差别原因，各自是什么杂化方式 有没有听过石墨烯（10诺贝尔物理学奖）估计它有什么特殊性质；为什么金刚石硬度大不导电而石墨松软导电）回答：石墨和金刚石为同素异形体，是相同元素组成的不同形态的单质。金刚石每个碳原子都以SP3杂化轨道与另外4个碳原子形成共价键，构成正四面体。当切割或熔化时，需要克服碳原子之间的共价键，金刚石是自然界已经知道的物质中硬度最大的材料，它的熔点高。由于金刚石所有的价电子都参与了共价键的形成，没有自由电子，所以硬度大，熔点极高，但不导电。石墨是片层状结构，层内碳原子排列成平面六边形，同层的碳原子以sp2杂化形成共价键，每一个碳原子以三个共价键与另外三个原子相连，同层中的离域电子可以在整层活动，层间碳原子以分子间作用力（范德华力）相结合。对于同一层来说，它是原子晶体，层与层之间属于分子晶体，所以石墨是一种混合晶体。石墨是一种灰黑色、不透明、有金属光泽的晶体。天然石墨耐高温，热膨胀系数小，导热、导电性好，摩擦系数小。石墨烯（Graphene）是一种由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道组成六角型呈蜂巢晶格的平面薄膜，只有一个碳原子厚度的二维材料。其性质性质类似于石墨，可利用石墨来推测石墨烯的性质。2、四氯化碳是极性或非极性，如何用最简单的方法鉴别。（四氯化碳是极性分子还是非极性分子 其共价键是极性还是非极性 用简单实验如何验证（相似相溶原理）；CCl4是极性还是非极性，如何用实验判断？）回答：四氯化碳分子具有正四面体结构，C原子以sp3杂化轨道成键，因此它是一种非极性分子。判断：相似相容。3、南极温度高还是北极高，为什么？回答：相比较而言，南极更冷一些，因为南极主要为大陆，而北极主要为海洋，加上北极地区海洋有北大西洋暖流不断输送来自低纬地区的热量，而南极大陆周边被寒流性质的西风漂流围绕，低纬地区的热量不易输送到南极，因此南极要更冷。主要说明南极有大陆，北极没有，然后从比热容来讨论吧。4、精馏实验。5、装修后室内有毒气体有哪些？如何改善。（室内污染有哪些？如何消除？；新装修的房子为什么不能马上入住？有什么化学方法解决？；新装修的房子里有什么气体，怎样除去）回答：据统计，装修后室内有害气体的种类有400多种，其中主要的有害气体有甲醛、苯、氨气和具有放射性的氡气.改善方法: 1、通风法；2、植物吸收法；3、活性炭吸附法；4、光触媒分解法；5、化学制剂净化法6、如何开展一个课题？遇到困难如何解决？（如何开展一个课题？）回答：首先收集大量资料，明确研究目标；然后根据课题类型开展理论思维，提出研究假设；接下来理清研究思路，确定研究方法，制订课题研究方案； 接着按课题方案实施课题；搜集资料，分析所得的实验数据；最后得出结论，对课题进行评价。遇到困难要主动与导师及实验室的师兄师姐沟通，探讨。7、开展课题的选择。8、常压蒸馏、减压蒸馏的应用，减压蒸馏装置。（减压蒸馏和常压有什么区别，什么时候用减压？怎么操作？结束实验先关什么，为什么？；减压蒸馏的原因 实验结束时的操作是怎么样的；什么时候用减压蒸馏 什么时候用常压蒸馏？；常压蒸馏，减压蒸馏具体在什么情况下用？常压蒸馏所用的实验仪器，减压蒸馏实验仪器。；减压蒸馏的使用条件？常压蒸馏实验仪器都有哪些？）回答：1）应用：有些化合物的热稳定性较差，常在受热温度还未达到其沸点时就已经发生分解、氧化或聚合等副反应，对于此类化合物，常采用减压蒸馏。而常压蒸馏则一般用于沸点相差在30以上的混合物的分离和提纯。2）仪器：减压蒸馏的蒸馏部分：两个圆底烧瓶、克氏分馏头、直形冷凝管、真空接液管、安全瓶、温度计；抽气减压部分：用水泵或油泵抽气。常压蒸馏装置：圆底烧瓶、蒸馏头、温度计、具支接引管、直形冷凝管和两个接受瓶。3）操作：常压蒸馏：实验结束时，先停止加热，后关冷凝水。减压蒸馏：蒸馏结束后，停止加热并移去热浴，稍微冷后慢慢旋开毛细管上螺旋夹，并慢慢打开安全瓶上的活塞，使与大气相通，使压力计的水银柱缓慢恢复原状。待系统内外的压力达到平衡后，关闭油泵和压力计上的活塞。9、低碳生活的概念等。（如何看待低碳经济（对社会是否关注）；谈谈低碳,在生活中及化工生产活动中如何实现低碳？）回答：低碳生活意味着在生活中尽量减少能量的消耗和二氧化碳的排放量。在生活中，我们可以节约用水、用电，上班尽量少开私家车，多乘公共汽车或骑自行车。在化工生产中，努力寻找绿色合成路线，多利用太阳能、风能、地热等天然能源，减少化石燃料的使用。10、石墨烯是什么？（石墨烯是烯烃吗？导电性能如何？；石墨烯能不能导电，导电能力比石墨强还是弱？）回答：石墨烯（Graphene）是一种由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道组成六角型呈蜂巢晶格的平面薄膜，只有一个碳原子厚度的二维材料。其性质性质类似于石墨，可利用石墨来推测石墨烯的性质。石墨烯不是烯烃，而是平面的多环芳香烃的原子晶体。其具有很强的导电性，导电能力比石墨要强。11、若两个物质他们的分子式相同,他们的物理性质相同吗?化学性质相同吗?（分子式相同的一定是相同的吗? ）回答：不是。如C3H6可以是丙烯或者可以是环丙烷.他们的物理化学性质都不同。12、农民经常在湖水中,夏天晒盐,冬天晒碱,请你解释一下这种现象。碱是什么? （盐湖边上的人夏天晒盐,冬天捞碱.问你它的原理.）回答：溶解度随温度的不同而变化。冬天晒碱的原理是降温结晶，因为温度降低，物质的溶解度减小，溶液达到饱和了，多余的即不能溶解的溶质就会析出。夏天晒盐的原理是蒸发结晶，因为恒温情况下或蒸发前后的温度不变，溶解度不变，水分减少，溶液达到饱和了即多余的溶质就会析出。13、乙醇的水溶液,怎样在不分离的情况下判断出他的浓度?（ 95%的乙醇,你怎样知道其准确浓度?）回答：可以用阿贝折光仪测折射率。14、乙醇溶液怎么把乙醇和水进行分离，列举两种方法（95%的乙醇溶液是如何分离，如回答蒸馏法，还要问是普通蒸馏法么。；乙醇和水怎么分离；乙醇中有水,怎样分开?）回答：精馏（用苯做夹带剂）、用分子筛吸附、萃取。15、什么是三传一反?三传和一反分别指什么?回答：三传一反指的是动量传递、热量传递、质量传递和化学反应。16、化工常用的反应器有哪些？列举三个，完全返混的是哪个反应器回答：管式反应器，釜式反应器，塔式反应器，有固体颗粒床层的反应器，喷射反应器等。完全返混的是连续搅拌釜式反应器。17、常用的文献检索,中英文的各有哪些?（如何查阅文献；平时你常用的文献检索有哪些？；平时都在怎么查文献的？；谈下怎样查文献?）回答：常用的中文数据库有中国知网、万方和维普。常用的英文数据库有：SCIE、EI、Springer、Elsevier等。18、请你说出一个文献的格式?（论文有哪些部分组成；一篇完整论文的构成部分）回答：一篇论文完整的包含：标题、作者、摘要、关键词、前言、实验部分、结果与讨论、结论、致谢、参考文献。19、有一些数据,现在需要做出这些数据的线性方程,你用什么软件能完成? 直线的线性方程和线性关系怎么求出?（实验数据处理软件，如何处理数据）回答：Origin和Excel。直线的方程和线性关系由线性拟合后的数据生成。20、请你说一下学术道德问题，浙大造假事件,就是贺海波造假的事（对最近的学术造假案了解吗?）回答：我觉得学术造假是一种可耻的行为。学术造假会败坏社会风气、造成诚信缺失。阻碍学术发展和科学进步。破坏社会公平公正。影响我国的学术声誉。21.现在给你两分钟时间,给研究生们做一报告，关于学术规范问题!回答：22、现有一个黑箱,里面有100个红球,100个黑球,100个白球,现在需要你至少取出来几个球,才能保证你取出的这些球当中有三个球的颜色是相同的?回答：7次23、两个沸点相差比较大的有机物应该怎么分离？（两种沸点相差很大的物质，怎么分离？）回答：普通蒸馏就可以了。24、两杯温度相同的水和盐水，把冰块投入，哪个能溶，为什么（一杯盐水与一杯清水 体积一样 放入两块同体积的冰块，哪块先融化？；盐水和纯水中加冰哪个先融，为什么？；冰放入同温度的盐水和清水中那个溶解的更快？）回答：稀溶液凝固点降低25、现有两个方向 一个是前人已经探索过的 一个是正在探索的 你更倾向于哪一个（现在要合成一种新的功能材料，有三个方向，第一个，是国际上最新的研究方向；第二个，导师做的比较成熟的方向；第三个，是一种没人做过的方向，你选哪一个？然后就你所选的方向提问：为什么选这个方向，怎么去实现她？）（科研追求、个人性格，科研目的，坚持，不怕失败，与导师关系）26、减压蒸馏的装置复述一遍，并说明在减压蒸馏结束后。三步操作的正确顺序是什么？（减压蒸馏结束时的顺序：（1）关泵（2）停止加热（3）通大气，请排序。） 回答：减压蒸馏装置：蒸馏部分：两个圆底烧瓶、克氏分馏头、直形冷凝管、真空接液管、安全瓶、温度计；抽气减压部分：用水泵或油泵抽气。减压蒸馏结束的顺序：（2）停止加热；（3）通大气；（1）关泵27、 化工学科中的两大里程碑。回答：（化工原理前言）29、请列举化工工业对人类历史发展三个重大贡献。（开放性）回答：（化工原理前言）30、实验室合成了一个物质怎么表征？回答：紫外看共厄结构,红外看官能团，质朴看分子量,核磁氢脯看氢的相对位置,碳谱没学过。元素看元素分析31、烧水壶用久了出现水垢，是什么？在工业生产有没