高考英语李辉段落的秘密.doc

第七讲：段落的秘密一、 英文段落的基本结构：“文有定法“a) B:background 背景句b) T:Topic Sentence 主题句c) E:Explanation 解释句d) E: Example 举例子e) C: Conclusion 总结句二、 过渡词【心法】最好每句话都要用上过渡词！【范文1】写一个段落感谢Sue老师 Sue, needless to say, I thank you. First and foremost, there is no doubt that you taught so well that our English has been greatly improved. Additionally, it is obvious that we learned a lot; consequently, we all have fallen in love with this beautiful language. Last but certainly not least, no one can deny we had a great time together, which we will keep in mind forever.【范文2】写一个段落感谢你的妈妈。 Mom, needless to say, I thank you. First and foremost, there is no doubt that you love me so much that my life has been flooded with endless harmony and happiness. Additionally, it is obvious that you are doing whatever you can to(尽其所能去做某事) care about me so that I can enjoy a happy and healthy growth. Last but not least, no one can deny you look after me every day, which I will cherish forever. 【附】常用过渡词文章的过渡之所以必要,是因为写作时从一个时间到另一个时间、从一个地点到另一个地点、从一个人物到另一个人物、从一个事件到另一个事件,或者由于插叙和 倒叙的更替 、叙述和议论的变换、正面描写和侧面描写 的结合等多种情况 ,这就少不了过渡。过渡的实质是承上启下 ,就是在文章的结构上搭设 一 座逻辑的桥 ,把上下文所写 的两个内容衔接起来,使文章的思路自然通畅。要想过一条河方法很多可以游过去,可以乘船过去,还可以架桥过去至于选择哪种方法最合适,要根据河面的宽度、河水的深度而定。同样,文章的句与句、段与段之间也有大大小小的河,其过渡方式也多种多样,若能恰到好处地选择,文章就能前后一贯、逻辑严密、结构紧凑。【最常用的段落框架】（1） On the one hand,. . On the other hand,. .（2） For one thing, . . For another, . .（3） First and foremost, . Additionally,./In addition,. Last but (certainly) not least,. .（4） To begin/start with,. Moreover,. Furthermore,. / Whats more,. Finally,.【十五大类过渡词】温馨提示：有必要一一研读！对写作、完型、翻译都很有帮助！花30分钟抄几遍吧！最佳学习方法：先把全部的学一遍，再挑出你自己写作时可能用到的背过！(1)表并列关系的过渡词:and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only . but also, both . and, either . or, neither . nor(2)表递进关系的过渡词:besides, in addition ( 加之, 除之外) , moreover (此外, 而且), what s more ( 更重要的是) , what sworse(更糟糕的是)(3)表转折对比的过渡词:but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), although, despite, in spite of, whereas(而) , unlike, nevertheless(然而) , not only . but also, years ago . today, the former. the latter, the first . Whereas the second, once . now, on the one hand .on the other hand, some . others(4)表原因的过渡词:because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to(由于)(5)表结果的过渡词:So, .； Thus,.； therefore,.； as a result,.； so that,.； then,.；hence ( 因此),.； so .that.； such . That . ；(6)表条件的过渡词:If = on condition that(条件是)； as/so long as(只要)； unless； (7)表时间的过渡词:when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards ( 事后) , soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, from now on, at present, immediately, the moment(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, inthe end, at last, afterward( s) (后来) , meanwhile (几乎同时) , thereafter(在那以后) , last, finally,eventually(终于)(9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词:In other words,.； That is to say,.； To put it another way,.；(10)表进行举例说明的过渡词:for instance, for example, like, such as，including,(11)表陈述事实的过渡词:in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth(12)表强调的过渡词:certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most importantly, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously(13)表比较的过渡词:like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to(14)表目的的过渡词:for this reason, for this purpose(为此), so that, in order to, so as to(15)表总结的过渡词:in a word(总之, 简言之), in general, in short (总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary【按照写作文时的具体用法分类】 有关“启” 的常用词语用于引导主题句，或用于主题句的后面，引导第一个扩展句。first(ly)/ at first/ first of all 第一， 最初， 首先in the first place 首先， 第一at present /now 现在in the beginning 起初to begin/start with 首先， 第一for one thing 首先， (常与 for another 连用) （其次）on the one hand 一方面 (常与 on the other hand连用) （另一方面）currently 目前lately/recently 最近in general/generally speaking 一般来说2 有关“承” 的常用词语用于承接主题句， 或第一个 （或前一个） 扩展句。second(ly) 第二； 第二点third (ly) 第三； 第三点also/too 并且； 又， 也besides (this) 此外in addition 此外in addition to 除之外furthermore/ moreover/ what is more 而且,此外for another 其次for example /instance 例如as an example 例如namely 即, 就是then 然后of course 当然in other words 换句话说in particular 特别,尤其in the same way 同样地after that 此后afterwards 此后after a few days 几天以后after a while 过了一会儿from now on 从此later 后来just as 正如similarly 同样地meanwhile/ at the same time 同时by this time 此时soon 不久consequently 结果3 有关 “转” 的常用词语用来表示不同或相反的情况after all 毕竟but 但是yet 仍,然而however 然而nevertheless 尽管,如此though / although 尽管如此despite / in spite of 尽管on the contrary 相反地unlike 与不同on the other hand 另一方面unfortunately 不幸地still 仍然in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上4 有关 “合” 的常用词语用于小结段落中上文的内容， 引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。Finally/at last 最后,终于in brief /short 简言之in conclusion 总之in summary 摘要地说therefore 因此thus 因此to conclude/ summarize/ sum up 总而言之briefly 简单地说above all 最重要地as a result 结果as I have said 如我所述at length 最后， 终于eventually 最终indeed 的确surely 无疑no doubt 毫无疑问truly 的确so 所以obviously 显然certainly 无疑5 表示过渡的词这类词同样可以起到增强句子连贯性和文章流畅的词。表示增加的过渡词： also, and, and then, too, in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover, againanother, above all,表示时间顺序的过渡词： now, then, before, after,afterwards, earlier, later,immediately, soon, next, in a few days, meanwhile, gradually, first, second, finally, till.表示空间顺序的过渡词 ： near, near to, far, far from, in front of, beside,beyond, above,below,to theright, to the left, around, behind, on one side.表示对比的过渡词： but,still, however， on the other hand，on the contrary, yet, in spite of,nevertheless表示比较的过渡词： in the same way, similarity, just like just as ，表示结果和原因的过渡词： because, since, so, as a result, therefore,then , hence, thus ,as.【过渡词专项练习】这里面除了练习一些过渡词，还练习了一些黄金圣衣句型2005 年湖北卷 (in fact, in my opinion,for one reason, so, for another reason, therefore)Im very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. Ive been think-ing about the question you asked me. _, You should come back after you finish your studies abroad. _, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. _, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. _, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. I think its a good idea for you to return. _, what are you waiting for?答案：In my opinion, For one reason, In fact, For another reason, Therefore, So2005 年福建卷 (in my opinion, it is known to us all, what s more, on the other hand, so, but, instead of )My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations _that some students cheat in examinations at school.As students, we often take examinations at school._, sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. _, some of us are lazy and don t work hard at our lessons. _, when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. _, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard _ cheating in examinations._ ,we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.答案：It s known to us all, but, On the other hand, So, In my opinion, instead of, Whats more点评：这里的on the other hand有点不地道，anyway，这就是中国高考！2006 年福建卷 (as we all know, only in this way, surely, therefore, in my opinion, however, as well as,