高口0503听力原文.doc

高口0503听力原文 Part A: Spot Dictation Getting on well with colleagues, as anyone who works in an office knows, is a vital element in our working lives. Many office jobs involve a great deal of time _ (1). One British study of 160 managers, for example, found that they spent between _ (2) of their time with other people._ (3) are first brought about by the formal system of work, but are elaborated in several ways by _ (4) of different kinds. It is essential for such relationships to develop if _ (5) is to succeed. And good relationships at work are one of the main sources of _ (6).Are there any rules of relationships that might be useful _ (7) of what to do and what not to do in your dealings with others?Some researchers have found that there are such rules. _ (8) people they generated a number of possible rules. Then they _ (9) how important those rules were in twenty-two different kinds of relationships. These included _ (10), close friends, siblings and work colleagues as well as relationships between _ (11).Through studies and investigations the researchers discovered _ (12) that applied to over half of all these relationships:1. _ (13).2. Look the other person in the eye during conversation.3. Do not discuss what has been said _ (14) the other person.4. Do not criticize the other person publicly.5. Repay debts, _ (15) no matter how small.This doesnt mean that _ (16). It just means that they are seen as important. The looking in they eye rule, for example, is a crucial aspect of _ (17). It is very uncomfortable to have to talk to someone who _ (18) looks at you during the conversation. One needs to look at the person one is talking to to see if theyre still attending and to _ (19). To signal interest, the listener has to _ (20) who is speaking.【答案】1. spent talking1. works of subordinates and their superiors2. 1/3 and 90%2. five universal rules3. Working relationships13. Respect the others privacy4. informal contacts11. in confidence with5. cooperation at work15. favors or compliments6. job satisfaction and well-being16. nobody breaks these rules7. as general markers17. good social skills8. Through interviews with18. never or hardly ever9. ask others to rate19. monitor their reactions 10. relationships with spouses20. look quite frequently at the personPart B: Listening ComprehensionQuestions 1 to 5【原文】M: Yes, talking about illnesses, Im quite surprised to see that in the UK, illnesses are very different from those in Algeria, to some extent. For instance, in the UK people seem to suffer from heart disease and stress quite a lot, whereas in Algeria, they seem to suffer from bowel problems more often than in Britain by the sound of it. The reason for the being, I think, is diet, is connected with diet, in the way people eat. In Algeria, they tend to eat hot, spicy food, peppery things, very hot things, which I cant take myself. But the tendency is to eat hot food, and it seems to result in that. If you look at the pace of life in Algeria and in Britain, youd find that this explains quite a bit of differences in terms of illnesses. In Algeria, people I think, lead a much slower pace, because life is less hectic, less industrial for a start. And so they dont tend to get this type of illnesses that are related to stress, such as heart attacks.W: Do you get What else do you get here? You get quite a bit of cancer.M: Cancer? Well, cancer exists there as well. But I think its more frequent in Britain than it is there. The reason for it, I think, is mainly to do with pollution, the levels of pollution that Britain has. It goes again with industry, and of course, stress. Algeria is slightly developed in the north, and thats where we record, I think, Im not an expert in the matter, most cancers, whereas the south is pretty healthy. So there is that kind of illness that is recorded there, but not very frequent. Other types of illnesses that people suffer from, especially young children here is asthma. Theres a lot of asthma. When it comes to other types of illnesses, like psychological disturbances and psychiatric related problems, it appears to me that in Britain people are more mad than in Algeria.W: Really?M: It seems to be so. In the sense that less people go to the psychiatrist in Algeria than here. Is it a fashion? Is it a true reflection of the state of the society? Im not sure.W: Are there more psychiatrists here?M: Oh, far more psychiatrist here than in Algeria. Yes. And people in Algeria would resort to a psychiatrist almost as a last resort for mental illnesses. They tend to rely on the family, because the family structure is again very different from that one in Britain.W: Much stronger.M: Its much stronger. So the family would tend to support, or even hide, in some cases, theyre mentally ill. And try to help them within the family, often by ignoring their illness. Saying you are normal, therefore behave normally. And thats what expected from you. And it seems to work. But when you move away from these cases or psychological problems, you end up you fall into the category of normal medicine. Like, if you have a broken limb, you end up in hospital. And you find hundreds of people with broken limbs being treated the same way as they would be treated in Britain. Really. 99% of the cases will be treated the same way as in Britain. Yes, perhaps one thing to mention is that people use herbal medicine, or used to use herbal medicine more than in Britain. But I think now Britain uses it quite a lot as well. W: Well, it certainly has developed, yes. M: It has developed, hasnt it? The recipes may differ. People there, you know, they all seem to have their secret recipes coming down from their granny, whatever. But if you analyze them, youd find that the same ingredients for the same cures come and crop up in the books of herbal medicine. 1. What are the man and the woman mainly talking about?2. According to the conversation, there are several factors which can explain why people contract different illnesses. Which of the following is not one of these factors?3. In which part of Algeria do people record most cases of cancer? 4. What would people in Algeria tend to do for mental illnesses?5. If you have a broken limb in Algeria, how would you be treated?Questions 6 to 10【原文】JerusalemUS Secretary of State Collin Powell yesterday called for an end to violence, and asked Israel and Palestinians to facilitate Palestinian elections as he sought to revive a long dormant US peace-making role. Powell, on his first visit to Israel and West Bank in 18 months, met Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, and was to hold talks later with Palestinians leaders, who have taken interim control following President Yasser Arafats death on November 11th. Powell said Israeli leaders told him yesterday that Israel would cooperate and coordinate with the Palestinians over the presidential election they plan to hold in January. Israeli foreign minister Sylvan Shalom, at a news conference with Powell, said Israel would do everything in its power to ensure smooth the running of the January 9th ballot to choose a successor to Arafat.New OrleansMore than 60 countries agree to ban the killing of sharks for their fins in the Atlantic Ocean, a move that conservationists hope will increase protection of the threatened species around the world. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, ICCAT, drew up the agreement at its annual meeting being held in New Orleans on Sunday. The agreement bans the practice known as shark finning, in which fishermen slice off a sharks fin and throw the carcass overboard, leading room for more fins. Shark fins are delicacy in Asian countries, and command high prices. Shark fin soup sells for more than 100 US dollars in Singapore, according to Wild Aid, an environmental group. ColomboPakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz said yesterday that his visit to India this week will improve the atmosphere of relations between the two long time rivals, but warned against expectations for a breakthrough. Aziz, speaking in Colombo during a South Asia tour, said his trip to New Delhi, which begins today, was part of Pakistans commitment to peaceful relations with its neighbors, including India. “My visit should not be viewed as a transactional process, but as an ongoing process.” Aziz told a group of businessmen and journalists at the end of his two-day-tour of Sri Lanka. MunichGermany, the worlds 3rd biggest economy, can no longer rely on exports to fuel domestic spending, prompting economists to cut their growth forecast for next year to as low as 1%. A year long export bloom ended in the 3rd quarter, and investment and spending did not rise enough to make up the difference, dragging the pace of growth to the slowest in more than a year. Investment in Germany is weakening as companies including Volkswagen AG, Europes biggest car maker, use their profits to build factories and hire outside their home market. “The link between exports, investment and consumption is getting weaker,” said Hans-Werner Sear, president of the Munich based IFO Institute, who coined the term “bazaar economy” to describe the transfer of large parts of Germanys Industrial production to lower wage economies. “Im afraid the period of stagnation will continue for some years to come.”TokyoNissan Motor Corporation, Japans second biggest car maker, said total vehicle sales in the United States next year may be similar to 2004, even as the price of petrol rises and growth slows in the worlds largest economy. “Sales will probably reach 17 million vehicles in the United States, the worlds largest auto market next year, compared with an estimated 16.9 million units this year, as auto makers release new models and increase incentives,” said Nissan executive vice president Norio Matsumira in an interview in Tokyo. Last year, 16.67 million vehicles were sold in the United States, according to Auto Data. 6. Which of the following statements is true about US Secretary of State Collin Powells visit to the Middle East?7. What agreement did the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas reach at its annual meeting?8. What did Pakistani Prime Minister say before his visit to India?9. According to the report, what prompts economists to cut their growth forecast for German economy next year?10. What will total vehicle sales in the United States probably reach next year?Questions 11 to 15【原文】W: Forget drink and drug abuse. Rock stars now face a new hazard, voice abuse. After last weeks announcement that Genesis singer Phil Collins might give up touring because live concerts are ruining his voice, doctors are counseling stars about the dos and donts of voice care. Here in the studio with us today, we have Mr. Paul Philips. Mr. Philips is a consultant laryngologist at the Highfield Hospital, London, and counts many pop and rock stars among his clients. Mr. Philips, what advice would you give to singers facing voice problems?M: If pop singers have got voice problems, they really need to be more selective about where they work. They shouldnt work in smoky atmospheres and of course, they shouldnt smoke themselves. They also need to think about resting their voices after a show. For instance, they should rest their voices instead of straining them at parties or chatting to friends. Something else they need to be careful about is medicines, aspirin, for example. Singer should avoid aspirin. It thins the blood. And if a singer coughs, this can result in the bruising of the vocal cords. W: And, is it true that some singers use steroids before concerts to boost their voices when they have voice problems?M: Yes, this does happen on occasions. Theyre easily available on the Continent. And theyre useful if the singer has inflamed vocal cords and has to sing that night. But if theyre taken regularly and long term, they cause a thinning of the voice muscle. Most pop singers suffer from three things: lack of training, overuse and abuse of the voice, especially when they are young. They had difficult lives. When they go on tour, they do a vast number of concerts, sing in smoke-laden places, and they go after the next gig in an air-conditioned bus or on a plane. Now both of these have low humidity, and this damages the vocal cords. Then theyre expected to do very long tours, three months or so. No opera singer would ever dream of doing a tour that long. And they abuse their voices by forcing them so as to be heard over background noise. W: So what advice would you give to rock and pop singers?M: Warm your voice up before a show, and warm it down after. W: So, whereas late parties, pill-popping and cigarettes used to be derigueur for pop and rock stars, theyre now recommended to warm up their voices before a concert, and go straight home to bed with a cup of nice, hot coco after.11. Whats the main topic of this interview?12. Who is Mr. Paul Philips?13. Which of the following statements is true according to the interview?14. Which of the following things do most pop singers not suffer from?15. According to the interview, which of the following factors is good for the voice?Questions 16 to 20【原文】 We live in a society increasingly obsessed with material success. Were exhorted to get on, get ahead, or make it to the top. If you dont prosper, its easy to feel like a flop, that youve wasted your life, and failed your family. But is such success open to all? Do we all have the potential to be millionaires? And can success be taught? What can we learn from those who do make it to the top? Becoming a millionaire is a surprisingly haphazard affair. At school, were told that if we work hard and pass exams, we will do well. But a recent study by Professor Kerry Cooper of the University of Manchester refutes this advice. When he studied the lives of successful entrepreneurs, he found that nearly 60% left school early, either because they were thrown out or were bored. Other studies suggest there is little correlation between how well children do at school and the salary and job satisfaction they achieve as adults. The most certain route to riches is to start out wealthy. Over half the people in the most recent Sunday Times survey of the richest 200 people in the country inherited money. 25% of those who head large corporations were born into affluent families. If youre not born wealthy, you may be able to capitalize on another advantage - good looks. Good looks make early life easier. Teachers and other children will expect you to be kinder, cleverer, and to do better than plainer peers, explains Dr. Raymond Bow of Portsmouth University, expert on the effects of facial appearance. Being tall is also an advantage. Other qualities being equal, employers are more likely to select taller and more attractive people. However, unless you want to work with children, it can be a handicap having too pretty a baby face. Youre likely to be regarded as kind, but not very efficient. You may fare better by taking to crime. Juries are far more likely to acquit you. In a new book, Business Elites, Profess Cooper compares a number of successful entrepreneurs with people Cooper calls “intrapreneurs”. He defines intrapreneurs as those who rise through the ranks to the top of large corporations. Cooper found major differences between the two groups. Intrapreneurs tended to be the kids everyone thought would do well. Over half went to university. Theyre good organizers, and get on well with people. But the entrepreneurs often had early reputations as trouble makers. They probably left school early, had several business disasters, and are of awkward personalities. Theyre also intuitive and very determined. The most dramatic difference between entrepreneurs and corporation highfliers was that only 5% of Coopers entrepreneurs had both parents present throughout childhood, compared with 91% of the intrapreneurs. In some cases, the parent had died. In others, they had been absent for long periods. Coping with disaster early in life appears to give people vital resilience later on, suggests Cooper. But even if youre born poor and ugly, to parents who refuse to absent themselves from you, theres still plenty you can do to influence your chance of success. A range of courses and self-help manuals are available to help you forge your way to the top. Go into any large bookshop, and youll find a section with title such as The Magic of Thinking Big, or Riches While You Sleep. Theres even a magazine called Personal Success, filled with ads for courses that will unleash the power within, or transform your thinking, behavior, and relationships. Successful people, says Breen, an organizational consultant, are the ones who, when something doesnt work, try something else. Unsuccessful people keep on doing the same thing, only harder. 16. Whats the speaker mainly talking about?17. According to the passage, whats the most certain route to riches?18. Whats the definition of an “intrapreneur” given by Professor Cooper?19. Whats the most dramatic difference between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs?20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?SECTION 4: LISTENING TESTPart A: Note-taking And G