江苏省怀仁中学高一英语 情态动词 学生版.doc

江苏省怀仁中学高一英语 情态动词 学生版二、情态动词分类:表示能力：can, could, be able to表示职责：ought to, should, have to, must表示推测：might, may, could, can, should, ought to, must表示许可：can, could, may, might表意志：shall, will其它：dare, need1. 表示能力的情态动词:can, could, be able to1)be able to 能用于各种时态,而且能和其他情态动词连用。can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。2)can 客观上能够；而be able to 更侧重于“克服一定困难”“经过一定努力”“有能力”干某事,相当于manage to do sth. /succeed in doing sth.。但在否定句中两者没区别。如：though he had tried his best, he couldnt /wasnt able to finish the task on time. my brother can/is able to play table tennis well.(1).liming might _ win the chess game.( can/ be able to)(2) that big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. a. can b. should c. ought to d. is able to(3). they will _ run this machine on their own in three months. a. can b. could c. may d. be able to (4). the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to (5). -will you stay for lunch? -sorry, _. my brother is coming to see me. a. i mustnt b. i cant c. i neednt d. i wont2.表示职责的情态动词：should/ought to, have to, must语气依次增强should，ought to两者可互换，只是 ought to的语气更重，较多地反映客观。1). must “必须”，侧重说话人的主观看法2). have to (有多种时态）侧重于客观上的需要，含有“不得不”的意思have got to3).must 提问时，否定回答是need not/neednt 或do/does/did not have to(不必) 注意：mustnt 不应该，不许，禁止 dont have toneednt不必如:- must i hand in my exercises now?- yes, you must. (no, you neednt. no, you dont have to.)(1). -may i pick a flower in the garden? - _. a. no, you neednt b. not, please.c. no, you mustnt d. no, you wont(2).you _ return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like. a. shouldnt b. mustnt c. neednt d. may not3. 表示推测的情态动词might, may, could, can, should, ought to, must都可用来表示推测，可能性依次增强；1).must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定,肯定”.只用肯定句中进行推测2).cant或couldnt 表示“不可能” .can/could主要用于否定句和疑问句中进行推测。注意：表示猜测，can/could一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经验之谈”。 如：anybody can make mistakes 3).may not和 might not表示“可能不”. may/might用于肯定句和否定句中4).should也可以用来表示“推测”，意为“大概；按理应当”,相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。一般只用肯定句中进行推测(1).mary _ be in paris，for i saw her in the town only a few minutes agoamustnt bcant cshouldnt dmay not(2).peter _ come with us tonight，but he isnt very sure yeta must b may c can d will (3).-are you coming to jeffs party -im not sure i_ go to the concert insteada must b would c should d might (4).it _ last night，for the ground was wet this morning amust have rained bmay have rained cmust rain dmight rain (5). will mr wang offer us a hand？ he_ be glad tohe never refused our request acan bmust c may dshould (6). when can i come for the photos？ i need them tomorrow afternoon. they _ be ready by 12：00 acan bshould cmight dneed(7). its nearly seven oclockjack _ be here at any moment amust bneed cshould dcan(8). johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. a. wont ; cant b. mustnt ; may c. shouldnt ; must d.cant ; shouldnt4. 表示许可的情态动词: may / might, can / could 1). can, may, could, might用于主语为第一人称的句子，意为“我可以吗?”2).could/might常用于疑问句中，比can/may更加委婉表示礼貌。回答时，常用原形can或者may，不可再用过去式could/might。 (1). could i borrow your dictionary? yes, of course you _. a. might b. will c. can d. should(2). might i watch tv after supper? yes, you _. a. may b. must c. might d. can5. 表示意志的情态动词；shall, willshall1). shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示提供帮助，给出建议。shall we begin our class?（征求意见）when shall mike be able to leave hospital?(请示)2). shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，威胁。you shall go with me.(命令)you shall have the book when i finish it.(允诺)he shall be punished.(威胁)3).用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。(1).“the interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.a. may b. should c. must d. shall(2). it has been announced that candidates(考生)_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. a. can b.will c. may d. shall(3). sir, _ he go or stay? let him go. a. will b. shall c. might d. couldwill1). will用于二，三人称疑问句中表示请求，询问意愿等，不如would委婉will /would you pass me the book?will he pay for me?2). will 在陈述句中表示决定，决心 i will never do that again.i will give up smoking.3). will可以用来表示常出现的动作he will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。water will boil at 100. 水在摄氏100度时总是要沸腾的。(1). -write to me when you get home.-yes, i _a. must b. should c.will d.can6. used to和 would1). 都可以表示过去重复的习惯，used to 含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和often, everyday等连用。he would take a walk near the forest in the evening.（现在可能散步也可能不散步了）he used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）2). 不能用would的情况a. she isnt what she used to be. 她跟过去不一样了。（表示对比，不可用would）b. there used to be a park. 以前这里有一个公园。表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可用would。7.其它：need/dare：1）need 作情态动词，一般用于否定句和疑问句中，无人称和数的变化。we neednt_( go) there tomorrow. 我们不必明天去那里。need i_ (tell) you all the details? 我需要把一切详情告诉你吗？2）dare作情态动词，通常用在否定句和疑问句中，无人称和数的变化。i dare not _(stand )on the chair. 我不敢站在椅子上。how dare you _(say) such a thing? 你怎么敢说这种话？3）need作行为动词，need to do sth,需要做 sth need doing = sth need to be done 需要被do i need _( tell )you all the details? 我需要把一切详情告诉你吗？it needs _(do)at once. 这件事需要马上做。you dont need _( worry )about that. 你不必为那事担心。you didnt need_( come.) tomorrw. 明天你没必要来。4). dare 作行为动词,dare to do sth（i dare say除外）she dares _( go) out alone at night. 她晚上敢一人出去。did he dare_ (do) so? 他敢这样做吗？she dared not _(answer).she didnt dare _ (answer).4）惯用语：i dare say表示我相信theres something wrong with the radio, i dare say. 收音机恐怕有点毛病。i dare say you are right. 我想你是对的。判断t or fhow dare you say such a thing?( )how dare you to say such a thing?( )he darent to speak english before such a crowd, does he?( )he darent speak english before such a crowd, dare he?( )nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.( )nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.( )these dishes needed be cleaned carefully.( )these dishes need to be cleaned carefully.( )these dishes need cleaning carefully.( )三、情态动词+have done的用法 表虚拟：1. should / ought to have done 表示 “本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；shouldnt/ oughtnt to have done表示 “本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”；2. could/might have done 表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上却没有做”。3. neednt have done 表示 “本来没必要做某事，实际上却做了表推测：1. must have done 对过去事情的肯定推测，“一定曾”2. may/might have done 对过去事情的可能性推测，“可能已经” 3. cant/couldnt have done对过去事情的否定推测，“不可能做过”(1). i was really anxious about you you _ home without a word a. mustnt leave b. shouldnt have left c. couldnt have left d. neednt leave(2). i told sally how to get here, but perhaps i _ for her a. had to write it out b. must have written it out c. should have written it out d. ought to write it out(3). he _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. a. should b. must c. wouldnt d. cant (4). my sister met him at the grand theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_ your lecture.a. couldnt have attended b. neednt have attended c. mustnt have attended d. shouldnt have attended(5). -do you know where david is? i couldnt find him anywhere. -well. he _ have gone far-his coats still here. a. shouldnt b. mustnt c. cant d. wouldnt(6). mary _my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. a couldnt have received b ought to have received c has received d shouldnt have received (7). it _around nine oclock when i drove back home because it was already dark. a. must be b. must have been c. cant be d. should have been (8). johns score on the test is the highest in the class; _ a. he should study hard last night b. he should have studied hard last night c. he must have studied hard last night d. he must had to study hard last night (9). you_yesterday if you were really serious about your work. a. ought to come b. ought to be coming c. ought to have come d. ought have come (10). we didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. he_it.” a. mustnt attended b. couldnt have attended c. would have not attendedd. neednt have attended (11). you _all these parcels yourself. the shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. a. didnt need to carry b. neednt have carried c. neednt carryd. didnt need carry (12). mr. white _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. a. should have arrived b. should arrive c. should have had arrived d. should be arriving巩固练习： 1. he _ you more help, even though he was very busy. a. might have given b. might give c. gave d. may give2. jenny_ have kept her word. i wonder why she changed her mind. a. must b. should c. need d. would3. -could i borrow your dictionary? -yes, of course you_ a. might b. will c. can d. should 4. i told sally how to get here, but perhaps i _ for her. a. had to write it out b. must have written it out c. should have written it out d. ought to write it out5. -shall i tell john about it? -no, you _ . ive told him already. a. neednt b. wouldnt c. mustnt d. shouldnt6. -there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -it_ a comfortable journey. a. cant be b. shouldnt be c. mustnt have been d. couldnt have been7. when he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. a. would b. should c. had better d. might8. sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. it is for women and children only. a. oughtnt to b. darent c. wont d. neednt9.-i stayed at a hotel while in new york. -oh, did you? you_with barbara. a. could have stayed b. could stay c. would stay d. must have stayed10. sorry im late. i _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. a. might b. should c. can d. will11. i should have been there, but i _ not find the time. a. would b. could c. might d. should 12. my sister met him at the grand theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. a. couldnt have attended b. neednt have attended c. mustnt have attended d. shouldnt have attended13. mr. bush is on time for everything. how _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? acan bshould cmay dmust14. -may i speak to the patient now? -no, you _. he is too weak now. a. neednt b. may not c. mustnt d. oughtnt15. oh, im not feeling well in the stomach, i_so much fried chicken just now.a. shouldnt cut b. mustnt have eatenc. shouldnt have eaten d. mustnt eat16. -i heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-it _ true because there was little snow there. a may not be b wont be c couldnt be d mustnt be17.a left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially in a railway station. a. should b. can c. must d. will18. - i dont mind telling you what i know. - you_. im not asking you for it.a.mustnt b. may not c. cant d. neednt19. i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i _ report it to the police?a. should b. may c. will d. can20. mr. white _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.a. should have arrived b. should arrivec. should have had arrivedd. should be arriving21. you _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour.a. must not b. won t c. can t d. may not 22. -ill tell mary about her new job tomorrow. -you_ her last week. a. ought to tell b. would have told c. must tell d. should have told23. he paid for a seat when he _ have entered free. a. could b. would c. must d. need24. you should not have swum in that river. you _ have been eaten by fish.a. must b. can c. will d. might 25. -catherine, i have cleaned the room for you. -thanks. you _ it. i could manage it myself. a. neednt do b. neednt have done c. mustnt do d. shouldnt have done26.tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. a. have told b. tell c. be telling d. having told27. hes strange - he _ sit for hours without saying anything.a. shall b. will c. can d. must28. -the room is so dirty. _ we clean it? -of course.a. will b. shall c. would d. do29. tom, you _leave all your clothes on the floor like this！a. wouldnt b. mustnt c. neednt d. may not30. -is john coming by train-he should, but he _ not he likes driving his car a. must b. can c. need d. may31. -i hear youve got a set of valuable australian coins_ i have a look-yes, certainly a do b may c shall dshould32. helen _go on the trip