新GRE填空技巧之知识结构.docx

新GRE填空技巧之知识结构下面小马编辑就针对GRE填空技巧的短语结构解法进行介绍。以下就是GRE填空技巧短语结构解法的介绍，希望能够帮助大家更好地备考GRE考试。如果在某一空格的前部或后部出现下述短语结构-a. 现在分词短语，b. 过去分词短语，c. 形容词短语，d. 同位语短语，e. 介词结构 ，f. 动词不定式结构-则所有这些短语结构或是在空格前作预先的铺砌，埋下一处线索，或是在空格后作补充陈述，以示强调。空格的答案均可以同义词的方式从这些短语结构中求取。A:现在分词短语例 :At several points in his discussion, Graves, in effect, - evidence when it does not support his argument, tailoring it to his needs(A) addresses(B) creates(C) alters(D) suppresses(E) substitutes解答句末的现在分词短语tailoring it to his needs在复述空格所代表的那一特定的行为动作，it即指代evidence。空格只需从tailoring求取一同义词即可。答案为(C)。词汇tailor: 1.裁制 2.针对特定目的(或对象)作修改，使适应特定需要address: 1.对发表讲话，称呼 2.对付，处理解答在其讨论的某几处，当证据难于为其立论提供依据时，格雷夫斯事实上就对这些证据改弦易辙，将其改头换面以满足其需要。B：过去分词短语例 II:The self-important cant of musicologists on record jackets often suggests that true appreciation of the music is an - process closed to the uninitiated listeners, however enthusiastic.(A) unreliable(B) arcane(C) arrogant(D) elementary(E) intuitive解答如果音乐欣赏正是过去分词短语中所描述的那样，是closed to the uninitiated listeners的话，那全然是因为这一过程已变成(B) arcane的缘故。词汇cant: 1. 言不由衷之辞 2. 黑话 3. 行业术语，惯用套语uninitiated: 1. 未被接纳入会的 2.缺乏某种特定知识和经验的arcane: 神秘的，晦涩难解的中译唱片套上音乐家们妄自尊大的行话常常表明，真正的音乐欣赏实乃一种秘不可宣的过程，对尚未入门的听众全然封闭，不管他们是何等的热忱。C:形容词短语例 :The newborn human infant is not a passive figure, nor an active one, but what might be called an actively - one, eagerly attentive as it is to sights and sounds.(A) adaptive(B) selective(C) inquisitive(D) receptive(E) intuitive解答从空格之后表示伴随状况的形容词短语attentive to.”中可求得与其最接近贴切的近义词(D) receptive。此外，代入的正确选择须与另一形容词passive有关。中译新诞生的人类婴儿既不是个被动的人物，亦不是个主动的人物，而是那样一个可被称为以主动的方式显示出较强接受力的人物，实际上热切地注意着各种情景和声响。D:同位语短语例 ：The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, - between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are - to the maintenance of community.(A) a compromise . inimical(B) an interdependence. . subsidiary(C) a counterpoint . incidental(D) an equivalence . prerequisite(E) a reciprocity . conducive解答空格需代入一名词，与此前的a network of exchanged benefits在语法上构成同位语，以突出强调“互惠互利”这一概念。(E) reciprocity最好地体现了这一概念。(A) compromise 和(B) interdependence尽管尚能达意，但针对性不强。当然，在空格处，(A)(B)前后不通，(E) be conducive to(有利于)为正确。词汇inimical: 1.敌意的 2.有害的，不利的subsidiary: 附属的，次要的，补贴的counterpoint: 对位法，对比法incidental: 伴随的，次要的，偶发的equivalence: 相等prerequisite: 先决条件的，必要的中译国家是一个互惠和互信的结构，是统治者与公民之间的一种互利关系，以那些有利于维持一个社会的法律和程序为其基础。E:介词结构例 ：An investigation that is - can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction.(A) timely(B) unguided(C) consistent(D) uncomplicated(E) subjective解答在以but连接的两个句子中分别两次涉及“研究”(investigation search)这一概念。从search后面的介词结构in a definite direction可求取其反义词(B) unguided。中译一种漫无目的，无的放矢式的研究偶尔能揭示出新的事实，甚至是引人瞩目的事实;但是，普遍而言，此类事实的出现是有着明确方向的探索带来的结果。例 ：The Gibsons were little given to - in any form; not one of them was afraid of -, of being and seeming unlike their neighbors.(A) humility . absurdity(B) excellence . mediocrity(C) anger . confrontation(D) conformism . singularity(E) ostentation . eccentricity解答空格后面以of引导的介词结构无疑与该空格前的of结构属同一性质，作补充陈述。从unlike their neighbours可获取一“与众不同，标新立异”的概念代入空格，则求得(D) singularity和(E) eccentricity为正确。既然第二句陈述Gibson一家谁都不怕与众不同，这即意味着每人都敢于或愿意表现得与众不同。据此可推知，Gibson一家所不喜欢的是“与众相同”。正确答案为(D)。GRE词汇be given to: 习惯于;喜欢absurdity: 荒谬confrontation: 1.正视 2. 冲突，对抗ostentation: 炫耀，夸示中译吉布森一家不喜欢任何形式的墨守成规;他们当中无人惧怕标新立异，要显得与其邻居大异其趣。F：动词不定式结构例 ：An essential purpose of the criminal justice system is to enable purgation to take place; that is, to provide a - by which a community expresses its collective - the transGREssion of the criminal.(A) catharsis . outrage at(B) disclaimer . forgiveness of(C) means . empathy with(D) procedure . distaste for(E) document . disapprobation of解答空格之前的动词不定式to provide.无疑是对此前的那个不定式结构to enable purgation to take place的复述。据此，可将第一个不定式中的purgation一词直接移入空格，则求得同义的(A) catharsis为正确答案。词汇catharsis: 渲泄，净化empathy: