阅读理解解题技巧讲解-周子君 文档.doc

阅读理解的题型大体可以分为六种类型：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、观点态度题、文章结构题。一、细节理解题 AL1PITOR （ 2010湖南卷 ）ABOUT LIPITOR Lipitor is a prescription medicineAlong with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad，cholesterol(胆固醇)in your bloodIt can also raise “good cholesterol Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smokin9WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?Who can take LIPITOR：People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exerciseAdults and children over l0 Who should NOT take LIPITOR： Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn babywomen who are breast-feedingLipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your babyPeople with liver(肝脏)problems POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people：Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems，including kidney failureLiver problemsYour doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking itCall your doctor right away if you have：Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very firedSwelling of the face，lips，tongue，andor throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowingStomach pain Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle painUpset stomachChanges in some blood tests HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR DO：Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctorTry to eat heart-healthy foods while you take LipitorTake Lipitor at any time of day, with or without foodIf you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you rememberBut ifit has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，waitTake the next dose at your regular timeDont：Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctorDo not stal-t new medicines before talking to your doctor56.What is a major function of Lipitor?A. To help quit smoking B. To control blood pressure.C. To improve unhealthy diet. D. To lower bad cholesterol.57. Taking Lipitor is helpful for .A. breast-feeding women B. women who are pregnantC. adults having heart disease D. teenagers with liver problems58. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should .A. change the amount of your next dose B, eat more when taking your next doseC. have a dose as soon as you remember D. take the next dose at your regular time59. Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?A. Face swelling. B. Upset stomach. C. Kidney failure D. Muscle weakness.60. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery. B. To present a report on a scientific research.C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle. D, To give information about a kind of medicine.细节理解题的设题方式：(1)Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage? (2)Which of the following is (not) discussed/mentioned in the passage? (3)According to the passage, what/where/which/who/ why/when/how _? (4)All of the following are (not ) true/ mentioned/discussed except _. (5)How many/How much _? (6) The writer mentions that _. (7)Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? 二、 推理判断题题 B （2010湖南卷）When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesnt work out, youll have something to rely on. Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course, she recalls. The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her morn, I dont know how to use a computer, she admits. Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as anaward-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. I felt there was a need for a book like this, she says.I didnt want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when were self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease. But she hasnt always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up-again-and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. Everybody on earth can ask, why me? about something or other, she insists. It doesnt do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. Ive come to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.61. Why did Mary feel regretful? A. She didnt achieve her ambition. B. She didnt take care of her mother.C. She didnt complete her high school. D. She didnt follow her mothers advice.62.We can know that before 1995 Mary 。 A. had two books published B. received many career awardsC. knew how to use a computer D. supported the JDRF by writing63. Marys second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her _A, living with diabetes B, successful show businessC. service for an organization D. remembrance of her mother64. When Mary received the life-changing news, she _. A. lost control of herself B. began a balanced diet C. Med to get a treatment D. behaved in an adult way65. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Mary feels pity for herself. B. Mary has recovered from her disease.C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible.D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor.推理判断题题干中常常含有infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend等一类词。推理判断题题常见的形式有：（1） It can be inferred from the passage that. . . . （2） We may infer that. . . （3） When the writer talks about. . . , what he /she really means is. . . （4） The author suggests that. . . （5） The story implies that. . . （6） From the passage we can conclude that. . . （7） The passage is intended to. . . （8） It can be concluded that. . . （9） Which point of view may the author agree to? 三、词义猜测题 C （2010湖南卷） People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions-and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, Jack said. Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, Jack said. Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.66. The discovery shows that Westerners _A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliableC. observe the eyes and the mouth in different waysD. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions67. What were the people asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces.68. What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study.C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study.69. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to _A. do translation more successfully B. study the mouth more frequentlyC. examine the eyes more attentively D. read facial expressions more correctly70. What can be the best title for the passage?A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul B. Cultural Differences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 词义猜测题的题干形式：（1） According to the author, the underlined word“. . . ”means _. （2） From the passage, we can infer that the word“. . . ” is _. （3） The term “. . . ” can be best replaced by _. （4） As is used in the line. . . , the word“. . . ” refers to _. （5） What does the author probably mean by “. . . ”? （6） By “. . . ”, the author means that _.四、主旨大意题设题 A （ 2009湖南 ）Eddie McKay, a once-forgotten pilot, is a subject of great interest to a group of history students in Canada.It all started when Graham Broad, a professor at the University of Western Ontario, found McKays name in a footnote in a book about university history. McKay was included in a list of university alumni (校友) who had served during the First World War, but his name was unfamiliar to Broad, a specialist in military history. Out of curiosity, Broad spent hours at the local archives (档案馆) in a fruitless search for information on McKay. Tired and discouraged, he finally gave up. On his way out, Broads glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers. His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform. As he read the words beside the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization. “After looking for him all day, there he was, staring up at me out of the exhibiting case,” said Broad. Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view.Captain Alfred Edwin McKay joined the British Royal Flying Corps in 1916. He downed ten enemy planes, outlived his entire squadron (中队) as a WWI flyer, spent some time as a flying instructor in England, then returned to the front, where he was eventually shot down over Belgium and killed in December 1917. But theres more to his story. “For a brief time in 1916 he was probably the most famous pilot in the world,” says Broad. “He was credited with downing Oswald Boelcke, the most famous German pilot at the time.” Yet, in a letter home, McKay refused to take credit, saying that Boelcke had actually crashed into another German plane. McKays war records were destroyed during a World War II air bombing on London an explanation for why he was all but forgotten. But now, thanks to the efforts of Broad and his students, a marker in McKays memory was placed on the university grounds in November 2007. “I found my eyes filling with tears as I read the word deceased (阵亡) next to his name,” said Corey Everrett, a student who found a picture of Mckay in his uniform. “This was such a simple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.”56. What made Professor Broad continue his search for more information on McKay?A. A uniform of McKay.B. A footnote about McKay.C. A book on McKay.D. A picture of McKay. 57. What did the students find out about McKay?A. He trained pilots for some time. B. He lived longer than other pilots.C. He died in the Second World War. D. He was downed by the pilot Boelcke. 58. McKays flying documents were destroyed in .A. BelgiumB. GermanyC. CanadaD. England 59. We can learn from the last paragraph that McKay .A. preferred fight to his study B. went to war before graduationC. left a picture for Corey Everrett D. set an example for his fellow students 60. What is the text mainly about?A. The research into war history B. The finding of a forgotten hero.C. The pilots of the two world wars. D.The importance of military studies.主旨大意题设题形式：1. 主题型主旨大意题（1）The main point of the passage is _. (2)The main idea (central idea) of the passage is _. (3)The passage is mainly about _. (4)The passage mainly discusses _. (5)The passage is concerned primarily about _.(6)Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage? (7)Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (8)What is the passage mainly about? 2. 作者意图类的主旨大意题(1)The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _. (2)The passage is meant to _. (3)The authors purpose is to show _. (4)The purpose of the article is to _. 3. 标题类主旨大意题(1)The best title for the passage might be _. (2)The best title for the passage would be _. (3)Which of the following titles best summarize the main idea of the passage? 五、观点态度题 D 2010江西高考Modcm inventions have speeded up peoples lives amazingly. Motor-cars cover a bundred miles in little more than an hour. Aireraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every ycar motor-cars are produced which go even faster each new computer boasts（吹嘘）of saving preeious seconds in handling tasks.All this saves timc, but at a prick.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding aeross the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfoerable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel tlru they have been left bebind in anot ar nine zoors Again pending too long at compulers resuls in painti ninrts and fingers. Mobile phones also to dange according to some seientists; too much uss may thesmit h bul radiation into our brains, a we do not like to think about.Howave, what do we do with the time we have saved?Certainly not or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Pcrhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imavination take us into another world.There was a time when some peoples lives were devotcd simply to the cultivation of the land or the eare of eattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives wenl on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so ,we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faeed;:they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modem machinery has freed peope fre that primitive existcnee.68.The new rooucts opcome more and more time-saving beeause .A.our lose e u speed uts never-ending B.mo is liwhcdC.shi pnces are increasingly high D.the manufacturers boast a lot69.What does“the days”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.I maginary life B.Simple life in the pastC.Times of inventions D.Time for constant activity70.What is the authors attitude towards the modem teehnology?A.Critical B.Objective C.Optimistic D.Negative71.What does the pa mge mainly diseuss?A.The present and pad times B.Machin and human beingsC.Imaginations and inventions D.Modem teehnology and its influence1. 观点态度题常见的设题形式如下： The authors view is _. The author thinks that _. The author suggests that _. The author gives the impression that _. What is the tone of the passage? The tone of the passage can be best described as _. Which of the following can best