7A Unit5 表达与应用 袁恺义.doc

7A Unit5 表达与应用take是“拿、拿走、带走”的意思。take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：(1) take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是： It takes/took sb.some time to do sthSth.takes sb.some time. 例如： It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 (2) doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 Spend、 pay和 cost的用法spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3) spend money for sth. 花钱买。例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：(1) sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Don?蒺t worry!Ill pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。（5）pay money back 还钱。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。（6）pay off ones money还清钱。Match和fit用在衣服上可以认为fit是大小合适， match是都合适。match表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，即：与相配； fit作及物动词：适合，配上，合身，使人适应；作不及物动词，表吻合，合身； fit则强调大小合身。fit 指大小、形状的合适，引申为吻合、协调。match 多指大小、色调、形状、性质等的搭配。 This new jacket fits her well . 这件夹克很合她的身。 对比：This new jacket suits her beautifully . 这件夹她穿着真漂亮。几种Say sorry的英文句型 1、“Im sorry + 从句”对不起，昨天晚上没有给你去电话。Im sorry I didnt call you up last night.对不起，让你久等了。Im sorry Ive kept you waiting.2、“Im sorry to + 动词原形”抱歉，打扰你这么多真对不起。Im sorry to bother you with all this.很抱歉，我迟到了。Im sorry to have been late.3、“Im sorry/Excuse me for + 动名词短语” 请原谅我打扰你。Please excuse me for disturbing you.请原谅我没有事前和你说好。Excuse me for not speaking to you first.4、“Im afraid + 从句”花了这么多时间实在遗憾。Im afraid Ive taken up too much of your time.太麻烦您了。Im afraid Ive given you a lot of trouble.5、“It was very thoughtless/careless of me, I should have +过去分词”我真欠考虑，没有给你留个条。It was very thoughtless of me, I should have left you a message.我太粗心了，没有早些给你去个电话。It was very careless of me, I should have phoned you earlier.6、“Im dreadfully/extremely sorry , but Im afraid + 从句”实在对不起，把你自行车钥匙给弄丢了。Im extremely sorry, but Im afraid Ive lost your bicycle key.太对不起了，我把桌布上都泼上墨水了。Im dreadfully sorry, but Im afraid Ive spilled ink all over the table cloth.want /would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”want sth./would like sth. “想要某物”would like 比want 更委婉一些，此外一、在下列情况下，这两个词可以互换使用： 1、用于请求或有关请求的问句中（但这里不使用 would not like）： Customer：Id like some raspberries，please/I want some raspberries，please 顾客：请给我拿点儿木莓。 Greengrocer：Im afraid I havent anyWould you like somestrawberries？ 蔬菜水果商：对不起，我没有木莓了。您来点草莓怎么样？ Customer：No，I dont want any strawberries，thanks 顾客：不，谢谢，我不想要草莓。（这里不能用 wouldnt like。） I would like常常要比 I want更有礼貌。 would you like？要比do you want？更有礼貌，也更殷勤。 would you like？可以含有愿意满足别人的希望的意思。do youwant？则不含有这种意思。因此，与顾客或客人打交道时，通常用 would you like？： Caller：Id like to/I want to speak to Mr X，please 打电话者：我想找X先生说话。 Telephonist：Mr X is outWould you like to speak to Mr Y？ 话务员：X先生出去了。您跟Y先生说行吗？ 2、 如果不是提出请求而只是谈到愿望时，可以随意用would like或want的肯定式、疑问式或否定式。它们的意思没有区别，然而，I want要比I would like显得更自信。 I want通常不用于表示不可实现的愿望： I would like to live on Mars 但愿我能住到火星上去。 二、would like和want在下列用法中不能互换： 表示邀请时用 would you like？结构，而不能用do you want？结构： Would you like a cup of coffee？ 您想喝一杯咖啡吗？ Would you like to come to the theatre？ 您想来剧院看戏吗？ do you want？用于此处只表示一种询问，不含有邀请的意思各类商店书店 books store 粮店 grain store 食品点 food store 煤店 coal store 食品杂货（副食品）店 grocery 酱园 sauce and pickles shop 肉店 meat (butchers) shop 酒店 wine shop 水产店 aquatic products shop 家禽店 fowl shop 豆腐店 beancurd shop 烤肉店 roast meat shop 卤味店 sauced meat shop 饮食店 food and drink shop 小吃店 eating house (snack bar) 饭店 restaurant 冷饮店 cold drinks shop 蔬菜店水果店 green grocery (green grocers) 蔬菜店 vegetables shop 鞋帽店 shoes and hats store 百货公司 department store 百货商场 general merchandise market 服装店 clothing store 成衣店 ready-made clothes shop 呢绒绸布店 wool, silk and cotton fabrics store 药店（美：杂货店） drug store (pharmacy) 儿童用品商店 childrens goods shop 妇女用品商店 womens goods shop 钟表店 watch and clock ship 文具店 stationers (stationery shop) 日用杂货店 daily-use sundry goods shop 炊事用具商店 cooking utensils shop 家用器具商店 household utensils shop 五金商店 metal products shop 家具店 furniture shop 眼镜店 eyeglasses store 玻璃礼品店 glass gifts store 爆竹鞭炮店 fireworks shop 电器商店 electrical appliance shop 油漆店 paint shop 化工油漆染料店 chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop 地产建材商店 native building materials store 照相馆（摄影室） photographic studio 旧货店 second-hand goods store (used goods store) 寄卖商店 commission shop 综合修理店 general r