陈琦类比反义单项班笔记.doc

090516a.m.GRE单词讲义Section 1GRE串讲词汇讲义（反义词做题原则总结）1*拆开take apart sunder连接link= connect= yoke (yokel天真纯朴的人【反】sophistication老于世故的人) suture v.缝合【反】avulse 撕裂 *推翻overturn= overthrow= subvert (substitute代替品 convent n.皈依者（被别人转变）) *#上升ascend v. orient a. #下降go down= descend= plummet突然下降(n.木工使用铅锤) *突然#v. 说出 blurt: utter 移动 jolt= dart= flit: move 转弯 swerve: turn 阻止 check #n. gust: wind cloudburst: rainfall flare: light *scend(climb) ascend descend condescend(【类】（动作心理表现动作）arrogant) transcend crescendo(【类】: sound= acceleration: tempo)2*laconic a.简短的：speech= austere: design *轻浮#a. blithe= flirtatious(flirt v.调情)= frivolous= flippant= facetious(factious内讧的) #faction 内讧(【反】union)fraction 分数 infraction 违反 #n. levity= lever (levy: tax) *严肃 a. serious= grave= staid= sober= (sobriety n. 自制) somber= earnest *flagrant 臭名昭著的： fragrant 香的 *说话（长短）#简短的laconic= succinct= pithy= terse= concise#冗长的wordy= verbose= prolix circumlocution 惯用语(【反】straightforward 【类】（正面特征）redundant ) #locution elocution n.演说术 interlocution n.对话 superfluous 多余的(superficial) #话多（贬义）garrulous= loquacious glib(油嘴滑舌地说【反】profound有深度地说 gild （假）v.镀金 n.粉饰) #健谈（褒）voluble= talkative #寡言taciturn= reticent 3*长篇抨击性演讲diatribe= tirade= harangue(正面特征：1长2骂人critical abuse) screed n.长演讲 *一般性演讲discourse= address= speak= lecture sermon讲经布道 *演讲术elocution= oratory *oration演讲orator演讲者rostrum讲台 *颂词(praise) eulogy= tribute (criticism denounce attribute v.归因于retribution惩罚)= panegyric(n.上任【反】valediction告别词【类】farewell)= encomium= accolade= ode(颂诗【类】poem)4*empt(买)peremptory a.不容反驳（专横的） exempt v.免除(【类】（消除关系）liability责任requirement)#liability责任；债务【反】asset; 倾向【反】dislike aversion (unversed a.不精通的)preempt v. 优先买(precedence优先权) redemption 赎 contempt轻视#嘲笑ridicule= sneer= jeer= deride*轻率a. reckless= rash n. temerity= audacity*仔细n. circumspection 谨慎 a. careful: meticulous(【类】（程度）interested: agog) direct 【反】curb rein 阻止*gorge n.峡谷【类】: river= dune(迪奥香水): wind*grouse n.松鸡 v.抱怨complain【反】rejoice*gull n.海鸥 v.骗delude gullibility傻了吧唧的【类】（正面特征）credulity轻信090516p.m.guy n.支索【类】（支撑关系）: pylon索塔=buttress: wallH*hack n.1老马 2雇佣文人【类】（种属关系）: writer= mercenary: soldier mercenary a.唯利是图的【类】: money= vindictive: revenge v.乱砍【类】：carve*hamper v.阻碍 n.篮子basket【类】: laundry= mailbox: mail*harbor v.包庇【反】evict驱逐*hold n.船舱【类】(door): hatch= membrane: pore *hedge n.树篱【类】: prune= hair: trim n.保护措施【类】: loss v.躲避（问题）*hew v.砍【例】hew to遵从conform*humor v.迁就【反】纵容，溺爱*husband v.节约【反】squanderL*latitude v.自由【反】restraint strict limitation altitude n.高 platitude n.陈词滥调M*milk v.榨取: extract*mint n.大量【反】modicum v.铸币【类】: coin= strike: medal*minute a.小【反】ganzuan*minuet n.小步舞曲*minutes n.会议记录: meeting (agenda) log: ship dairy: personlyric n.抒情诗 spectacle n.眼镜 lyrics n.歌词 spectacles n.风景*mold= die n.模子 shape n.霉菌N*nice a.精确preciseP*pan v.严厉批评【类】: harsh严厉的 【反】rave盛赞*pen n.母天鹅【类】: swan= ewe: sheep*pine n.【类】: needle v. long for v.使憔悴invigorate*pluck v.弹拨 hap竖琴 n.勇气：quit(反面)*plumb a.垂直【反】horizontal v.测水深【类】: depth= assess: value assess v.检查scrutinize深入检查【反】examine superficially*purchase n.支点： slippageR*rail v.猛烈批评：vehemence n.猛烈S*scale n.天平： weight n.音阶【类】: tune= spectrum光谱: color n.鱼鳞: fish n.比例尺*shadow v.尾随：follow偷偷 shadowy a.模模糊糊【反】overt a.明显的 covert a.明确的*shoulder n.肩膀【类】: epaulet= finger: ring n.路肩（马路牙子）【类】: road/ way= margin: page*signal a.明显的remarkable【反】unremarkable*skirt v.躲【反】seek/ face*slight a.轻微的【反】grievous a.少【反】massive v.冷漠【反】respect*smart:brilliant程度 v.刺痛【反】soothe*stock a.普通common【反】unique*stomach: digest v. 容忍【反】refuse to tolerate*strength n.浓度=concentration delude稀释T*table【反】consider*tender 1a.敏感的【反】insensitive 2a.柔弱【反】hardy 3v.提出【反】withdraw*transport v.使狂喜*toy v.玩弄W*wax 打蜡月盈增强Section2(类比关系总结)1*单位calorie(heat) decibel(sound) gallon/ pint/ quart(liquid/ volume) light-year(distance) lumen(light) volt(electricity) watt(power) acre(land/area) ream(paper) cord(wood) pound(weight) inch(length) v.慢慢前进(【类】: move/ advance) =crawl: proceed *慢dwindle(diminish) drawl慢说(brawl争吵) lope慢跑 meander *.ped脚impede v.阻止 peddle v.沿街叫卖 pedestal pedestrian n.行人 a.有想象力的imaginative*pod脚podium讲台 podiatrist足病医生 tripod(camera) #tri tripod trio trident三叉戟 #dent牙 trident dentist denture: tooth2*画画easel n.画架 brush【类】: painter= chisel: sculptor雕刻家(marble) canvas画布canvass 【类】（支撑）(easel) palette调色板(color) limn v.清晰描绘【类】: line= enunciate: word stipple点画(dot) daub= doodle v.涂鸦daubster artless a.自然地【类】ramble乱写 fresco= mural壁画: wall petroglyph(rock) petrify(stone) putrefy(rotten) portrait(person) seascape(ocean) caricature n.漫画1扭曲distort 2 夸张 exaggeration illustrator插图家 cartographer-map(record) vaudeville曲苑杂坛3*小# hill(mountain) creek= brook= rivulet(river) pebble(rock) peddle v.沿街叫卖 cavity(hole) grove(woods (tree) hint= inking(suggestion indication) nuance(distinction) trinket (jewelry) gadget(tool) figurine(statuary) vignette(painting) anecdote1逗amuse2小saga n.传奇 skit(play) foible= lapse= peccadillo(error offense fallacy) glitch(flaw故障) miff= tiff= skirmish= spat= squabble(quarrel) sip(drink) nibble(eat) mince(stride) quibble(object) cabal(association) minutia(detail)4*悲哀#挽歌dirge= elegy（正面）sorrow grief（种属）song poem #哀悼v. bemoan= bewail= lament= deplore (implore恳求) #恶搞parody= spoof(【类】（特殊与一般）a light humorous parody)= travesty #证据testimonial= testimony= deposition(n.沉积物) perjury伪证（假） 假： mask bravado presendom fulsome backdrop counterfeit sophisms toupee denture placebo nostrum chamiary 5*无暇的impeccable= flawless= spotless *瑕疵flaw= blemish *天真的a. ingenuous(ingenious聪明的)= guileless= naive= simple= artless= unsophisticated n. yokel yoke 连接 art cunny sophisticated *骗 guile n. beguile v. gullible= credulous dupe n.易上当的人v.骗 duplicity n.骗 6*短暂transient= transitory= ephemeral= evanescent= fleeting= interim *持久lasting=everlasting= enduring= permanent= perpetual= persistent7*胆小a. timorous= timid= pusillanimous= trepid= gutless= spineless= nerveless= chinless= 胆小鬼n. recreant= craven= coward *大胆a. heroic= dauntless= undaunted= gallant= stouthearted= intrepid= bold= valiant= valorous= mettlesome(mettle n.斗志)= plucky(pluck n.勇气) *善变的volatile a.易挥发的(evaporate) versatile a.1多才多艺的2善变的 waving a.动摇的capricious(【反】resolute)= whimsical a.善变的(behavior) fickle= inconstant感情善变 mercurial(mood) mercury水银 erratic a.【类】（对立句子题）predict labile a.(liability n.1债务2倾向) protean a. metamorphous a.变态的【类】tadpole: frog= caterpillar: butterfly8*说#清楚地说articulate(clear talk)= enunciate(【类】: word= limn: line) #不清楚地说mumble(【反】resound)= murmur(indistinct不清)= slur(blur看不清)= mutter #含糊其辞地说(lie) equivocate= prevaricate= palter#乱说babble(sense)= wafflebelabor(mention) drawl慢说 elaborate详述【类】（缺乏）sketchy parrot v.学舌【类】（缺乏）originality新颖 pontificate自命不凡地说 bluster气势汹汹地说（傲） blurt(utter) #口吃stutter= stammer(halting)【类】: talk= limp: walk drone单调地说(monotonous粗略) hiss轻声说(sibilant)= whisper chuckle轻声笑*反对#小反对quibble= cavil#吹毛求疵的人quibbler= nitpicker persecute v.害人 prosecute v.控告 censure v.严厉批评9*吝啬 #吝啬鬼miser= niggard(sluggard laggard)= skinflint hoard v.囤积 skimp v.吝啬 #吝啬的miserly= tightfisted= stingy= parsimonious= penurious(penury n.赤贫 perjury n.伪证)（jury abjure v.放弃（【反】affirm） adjure= conjure v.恳求） #证据testimony= testimonial= deposition *慷慨a. generous= munificent= liberal #liberal deliberate liberate #literal literate alliteration压头韵 #挥霍a. improvident= extravagant= dissolute= profligate= prodigal v. squander dissipate(v.驱烟)【反】husband #挥霍的人spendthrift= wastrel(VAGABOND)(irresponsibility) solvent a.有偿债能力的(budget bankrupt)10*发酵 v. ferment 酵母yeast【类】（功能）decompose （种属）bacteria *变纯winnow(grain)= purify(dross)= filter= refine(oil)(refinery(【类】（位置）petroleum ) mill(grain) #文雅的refined = polished =urbane snobbish a.附庸风雅的) distill蒸馏 distillate n.蒸馏物 polish *掺杂adulterate(alloy n.合金) adulate v.极尽谄媚 pure（全部消除） purity（部分消除） purist（反面特征）(language) stickler一丝不苟的人 martinet n.对纪律严格要求的人(discipline)11*抛光polish= burnish= furbish=gloss= buff furnish v.装备 glossy a.有光泽的 gloss n.简短的解释(【类】: explanation= cameo客串: appearance) *臭的a. stinking= fetid= noisome= rancid 香的redolent(fragrant) piquant(+AW) pungent ( AW)= acrid tangy(+AW) bland unscented n. stench= malodor perfume odor= scent味儿 olfaction味觉= gustation gestation怀孕 12*抱怨v. gripe= grumble= grouch grouse n.松鸡 n. malcontent不满的人 discontent n.不满 disaffected不满的 affected unaffected不自然的13*刺耳的grating= piercing= raspy= strident= cacophonous (sound) *悦耳的dulcet= euphonious= mellifluous【类】: sound= ambrosial: food14*装饰物illumination装饰性图案(manuscript手稿) molding(furniture) frieze石膏线baseboard地脚线 *plicate implicate使关联 explicate详细解释 complicate使复杂 *卷入（不好）entangle= enmesh= involve *tangle disentangle解脱 untangle拆开；解决090517a.m.15*密码 #破解decipher= break【类】（动宾关系）hieroglyph象形文字（被破解对象） #密码code=cipher encode v.加密 cryptic a.秘密的(cryp) *倔强的，顽固的unmanageable= unruly= intractable= incorrigible(难控制的)= intransigent= refractory= recalcitrant= pertinacious= tenacious= obdurate= mulish= ossified= headstrong= wrongheaded(【类】willful advise)= willful *head figurehead傀儡【类】（正面特征）nominal名存实亡的 levelheaded冷静的【反】foolish headlong轻率地【反】深思熟虑的16*溶解solution溶液 soluble solvent n.溶剂a.1可溶解的2有偿付能力的 insolvent a.没有偿付能力的 dissolve resolve(1解决2做决定) resolution坚定 a. resolute【反】waving17*merc(business) merchandise n.商品 commercial: criticize= adulate: flatterskirmish: insignificant= duel: formalbox: fight= debate: arguelawyer: court= gladiator: arenapebble: rock= creek: river= minnow: fishSection512*tool(1人物及使用工具2功能) abacus(calculate) balance= scale(weigh) sextant(navigate导航) clasp n.扣环(fasten) lathe= die= mold(shape) drill(bore n.军训: recruit: soldier) awl(pierce) mortar臼 pestle杵(hash/grind捣碎) hammer(搭配carpenter anvil) vat染缸(dye) scythe镰刀(reaper) axe(wood cutter) scalpel手术刀(surgeon) whetstone磨刀石(sharpen)=flint stone reel n.卷轴(wind缠绕) scissor(tailor) saw(carpenter) tong钳子(grasp) stylus n.铁笔(engrave mark) lamp(illustrate) shield盾(impact n.碰撞)【类】: motto= tombstone: epitaph tackle滑轮(hoist v.提起) purchase(slippage) ballast压仓物(stable) splint(limb) sling吊带三角巾(support) girder大梁【类】: skyscraper= skeleton: body truss托架(support) bolster垫子(support) buttress1扶墙(wall)2支持【反】challenge strut支柱(wing机翼) guy1支索(pylon)2v.趾高气扬地走 bracket(shelf) splint木屑(wood)固定夹板【类】: mobility= lubricant: friction 2007年6月Section 1【类】8.（工具及功能）tongs: grasp= reel: wind= scissors: cut= whetstone: sharpen wire v.配线 snarl打结(knot)9.（单位unit）kilometer: distance= pound: weight= watt: power hue= color pitch音调10.（突然）plummet: fall= swerve: turn coax v.诱骗 repel v.击退11.（预先安排）itinerary: journey= outline: plot/essay= sketch: painting blueprint: drawing（种属） template模板12.（不愉悦的感觉）discordant: sound= malodorous: scent constricted狭窄的13.（同义）赞美v. laud : n. approbation= commiserate: sympathypetition v.请求deny克己solicitude关心14.（正面特征）apologist: defend= patron: support= leader: guide15.（位置）cell: confinement= rostrum: oration conciliation平息 proscenium舞台前部 improvisation即兴创作 【类】intersection: road= confluence: stream16.（被）exemplar: emulate= goal: attain获得maintain维持represent扮演，描绘faade n.（物体的）正面policy保单【反】28.nullification无效(nullify使无效) validation compensation弥补 intercession调停29.instill灌输 remove encroach蚕食 truncate截短length30.inept proficient inordinate无度的 pensive深思的（忧郁）31.resonant洪亮的 muffled(muffler围巾neck) peripheral外围的 lurid耀眼的dazzling(lucid明晰的)32.thwart阻止= foil(薄金属片) enable collude串通 straiten【反】bend33.adulation ridicule somber阴森的, 昏暗的, 阴天的, 忧郁的 state of denial【反】affirmation34.tedious interesting conspicuous显眼的 intricate复杂的 prominent卓越的35.accolade denunciatio