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图表或柱状图的写作训练指导Part One Get started Steel production in Liaoning Province is increasing fast. This graph shows the rise in steel output from 1997 to 2005. Study it carefully and then read the paragraph below and answer the questions .Steel Production in LiaoningSteel production in Liaoning has been increasing fast. In 1997, for example, the production of steel was 885 million tons, but by 1999, the figure rose to 968 million. This shows an increase of over 80 million tons. The greatest progress, however, was seen between 2001 and 2003. The difference was 123 million tons. By 2005, the yearly steel output reached 1262 million tons, 377 million tons more than in 1997. All the achievements should be owed to the wise leadership of our party, the introduction of advanced technology and the whole workers efforts.Answer the following questions according to the above passage1. 1.Has the production of steel in Liaoning province been increasing? _2. How much steel did Liaoning produce in 1997? How about in 1999? _ _ 3. When was the greatest progress made? _4. What is the difference between the steel production in 1997 and 2005? _5. Which sentence tells you the main idea of this passage?Key 1. Yes. It has been increasing2. Liaoning produced 885 million tons of steel in 1997 .2.And 968 million tons in 1999.3. It was made between 2001and 20034. 4.The difference is 377 million tons.5. The first sentence tells us the main idea.Part Two Learn to write A: Composition focus : write the topic sentenceA paragraph has ONE main idea. This main idea is usually expressed in one sentencethe topic sentence. When readers read this sentence, they know what the writer wants to describe in the paragraph.Exercise A Write the topic sentence for a paragraph that describes the graph or the report. The topic sentence : The output of TV sets has_ in the recent months. /since August.A Big Problem!90% of the provinces rivers are polluted.The air in the cities are getting dirtier.Acid (酸性的)rain is killing plants.Noise is becoming a big headache for people.The topic sentence : Pollution has _ a serious problem / a headache in the province.Part two Learn to write B: Grammatical The Compound SentenceThe simple sentence expresses one idea. When two ideas are related, we may use “and”, or “but” and so on to link them. Such sentences are called compound sentences Example Sentences1. The simple sentence expresses one idea. Example: Coal production in Liaoning is increasing.2. “And” adds one idea to another. Example: Industrial output has been increasing in the past five years, and it will continue to go up in the next five years.3. “But” shows contrast between two sentences. Example: More color TV sets are produced, but fewer people buy them. Exercise B: Read the paragraph, and when it is possible, change the simple sentences into compound sentences.China is turning out too many color TV sets. Every month, the whole country produces one million sets. Only half a million can be sold. This year, 11.94 million sets were turned out. 3.53 million sets were sold. This figure is much lower than that of last year. The figure will continue to drop next year.Part three Expressions to Learn: These verbs and adverbs will help you describe changes in amounts or numbers.slowlyslightlya littlefastrapidlysteadilydrop by 20%decrease to ¥200go down in numberhold at +数 /at the level of+ 日期rise by 30%increase to $300go up in number一 文首概述图表常用的句型As can be seen from the chart / graph / table,.As is shown by the chart / graph / table,.It can be shown that 例如:As is shown by the chart , there has been a rapid increase in the country in the past five years .正如柱形所示, 近5年来该国人口飞速增长.二. 各种常用的描述图表内容的句型或短语.1. 表示数量总计: come/sum up to 例如:All the costs sum up to $200 .全部费用合计200美圆.2表示数量增减: increase/rise/grow/climb from to; decrease /drop/ fall fromto例如:1) The number of color TV sets produced by the factory increase from 5,000 in 2000 to21,000 in 2006 . 该厂生产的彩电以由2000年的5,000台增加到2006年的21.000台.2) The number of teachers in this school has decreased to 700. 这个学校的教师人数已减少到700人。3)The cost of living continues to rise .生活费用继续上涨。4)The river has risen by several metres.河水上涨了好几米。5)The price of cigarettes is going up .烟价上涨了。6)The wind , temperature , water level has dropped considerably .风势已减弱了,温度已下降了,水平面已降低了很多。7)The price of oil has dropped sharply /dropped to $12 a barrel .油价急剧下降/跌到12美圆一桶。8)The standard of work has gone down.工作的标准降低了。9)The value of the dollar has gone down.美圆又贬值了。10)The neighbourhood has gone down to a lower social level in the last few years.这几年这个住宅区的地位已衰落下去。另外,在表示数量增减时要特别注意的是动词后面的介词“to”和“by”表达不同的含义例如:1) The number of population increased / decreased to 2 million.人口上升/下降到200万。2) The number of population increased / decreased by 2 million.人口上升/下降了200万。3表示比较: compared with ,Compared with that of last year, the output of 13 main products this year has increased to a great extent.与去年相比,今年13项主要产品的产量都有了大幅度增长。4表示程度;缓慢地/轻微地:smoothly /steadily/slightly 逐渐地:gradually 陡然地/大幅度地:sharply /greatly例如:1)The number of population decreased slightly/ gradually / sharply 2)The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。5表示过量:1) 递进:then(然后)besides (还有)furthermore (而且)moreover(此外)2) 转折:however(然而)but(但是)after all(毕竟)3) 总结:finally(最后)at last(最后)4) 强调:indeed(确实)certainly(一定)surely(确实)above all(确实)5) 对比:in the same way (同样地)just as(正如)on the one handon the other hand(一方面另一方面)三 结尾段中常用的句型:It can be concluded/seen / shown from the table/graph that .例如:1) It can be seen from the table that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased /grew/rose rapidly from 1985to1990 .从表格可以看出,从1985到1900中国的人均收入迅速提高。2) It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great fall in birth rates in China in the past five years.从曲线图可以得出结论,近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。此外,结尾段中还可以用in my opinion ,./Personally , I /In short,/In conclusion,/ As far as I m concerned ,/ To conclude, it seems clear that 等句形来表达自己的观点。Exercise C: Complete the sentences that describe the changes shown in the list.Oct. 1998: $380Nov. 1999: $400Dec. 1999: $550 Jan. 2000: $684The price of gold per ounce(盎司): The price of gold _Mar. 2.50Apr. 2.40May. 2.30June. 2.20The price of eggs per pound():The price of eggs _.1996 4571997 4821998 5271999 4592000 4122001 371Sales of fridges in a shop(sets):The sales of the fridges in a shop _.Part Four : Write in Class Study the graph and information carefully, and then complete The paragraph.Chinas meat output(in millions of tons)1989: 13 million 1999: 28million2000: 31 million 2001: 34 millionChinas meat production _ _ In 1999, the whole country _This shows an increase _ within a ten-year period of time. Between _. By _ I 首尾概述图表常用的句型As can be seen from the chart /grap/table ,. As is shown by the chart /grap/table ,. It can be shown that .例如: As is shown by the chart , there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.II: 各种常用的描述图表内容的句型、短语1 表示数量总计:come/sum up to Example : All the costs sum up to $200.一、审题抓要点 1、 紧扣图表中的转折点。 2、 获取提示中的说明点。 (e.g. In 1959 per capita income was no more than 300 Yuan. The peasants earned about 200 Yuan in 1969. Great changes have taken place since 1978. In 1989 peoples per capita income reached almost 1,000 Yuan. Per capita income was more than 2,000 Yuan in 1999.) (e.g. Its a small village with high mountains around it. 一、审题抓要点 1、 紧扣图表中的转折点。 2、 获取提示中的说明点。 e.g. In 1959 per capita income was no more than 300 Yuan. The peasants earned about 200 Yuan in 1969. Great changes have taken place since 1978. In 1989 peoples per capita income reached almost 1,000 Yuan. Per capita income was more than 2,000 Yuan in 1999.) (e.g. Its a small village with high mountains around it. The peasants plant apple trees and grow wheat. There are six trucks in the village. All the peasants live a happy life in their own new buildings.) 二、扩充连成文 _Key :Chinas meat production increased fast from 1979 to 1991, the whole country produced 28 millions tons of meat. This shows an increase of 15 million tons within a ten-year period of time . Between 1989and 1990 there was another increase of 3 million tons. By 1991 China would prodece 34 tons of meat. The population in China increased fast from 1953to 2000. In 1993 there were 601 million people in our country . By 1964 the figure rose to 723 million . The difference was 122 million . Yet, between 1964 and within another ten yearstime ,by the year 2000, the figure went up to 1295 million . This shows an increase of totally 694 million since 1953.二、扩充连成文 Its a small village with high mountains around it. It was poor forty years ago in “Red Flag Village”. There were more than two hundred people there. Per capita income was no more than 300 Yuan in a year. But the peasants earned less in 1969. They got poorer. Great changes have taken place since 1978. The peasants began to plant app
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