英语听力入门第二册第七单元.doc

unit 7 For the glory of sportaims: place name and date of some yearsdifficulties: proper names and special termspart 1A. Vocabulary: Hemisphere: a top or bottom half of a globe A half of a sphere; 半球eg. If you cut a round fruit into two, each half is a hemisphere.如果你把一个圆的水果切成两半，每一半就是一个半球。eg. The Northern Hemisphere is the part of the world north of the equator, and the Southern Hemisphere is south of the equator.北半球是地球赤道以北的部分，南半球是赤道以南的部分。Melbourne: melbn 墨尔本A city of southeast Australia southwest of Canberra. Settled in 1835, it was the seat of the Australian federal government from 1901 to 1927. The Summer Olympics were held here in 1956. Metropolitan area population, 2,722,817.澳大利亚东南部城市，位于堪培拉西南处。建于1835年，从1901年至1927年一直为澳大利亚联邦政府所在地。1956年之夏季奥运会在此地举办。城市人口2,722,817A city of east-central Florida on Indian River south of Cocoa Beach. It is a winter resort with varied light industries. Population, 59,646. Munich: mju:nik 慕尼黑A city of southeast Germany near the Bavarian Alps southeast of Augsburg. Founded in 1158, it has long been the center of Bavaria. Adolf Hitler organized the Nazi Party here after World War I and signed the Munich Pact, widely regarded as a symbol of appeasement, with Great Britain, France, and Italy in 1938. The city was largely rebuilt after extensive Allied bombing in World War II. Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics. Population, 1,267,451. 慕尼黑德国东南部城市，位于奥格斯堡东南，靠近巴伐利亚州境内的阿尔卑斯山脉。1158年建成，长期为巴伐利亚州的中心。一战后阿尔道夫希特勒在这里成立纳粹党并且签署了被公认为是1938德国与英国、法国、意大利的绥靖政策的标志的慕尼黑协定。在二战中盟军的全面轰炸后该城市大规模重建。慕尼黑是1972年夏季奥运会举办地。人口1,267,451Chamonix 德国夏蒙尼1. Paris2. Chamonix3. 19324. Berlin5. Melbourne6. Tokyo7. 19721. d2. a3. g4. k5. f6. e7. cBKey wordsIOCThe Olympic CharterOlympic Museum and Studies CenterThe International Olympic AcademyVocabulary:Charter宪章Ideal理想Oceania大洋洲Lausanneluz:n洛桑瑞士西部城市,在日内瓦湖北岸sculptures雕刻,雕塑品；雕刻品IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympic in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance.All the Olympic movements rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter.Theres an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.The International Olympic Academy is a special center at Olympia in Greece. People involved in sport go there every summer to study the Olympic movements history, ideals and future.CKey words:Winter Gamesfive circles: the symbol of Olympic gamesthe Olympic flameamateurmt:业余爱好者A person who engages in an art, a science, a study, or an athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession业余爱好者：把艺术、科学、研究或体育运动作为消遣而不是作为职业的人the Opening Ceremonymotto: 格言A brief statement used to express a principle, a goal, or an ideal. 格言：用于表达一种原则、一个目标或一种理想的简短的陈述Vocabularyerair时代, 纪元, 时期A period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving as the basis of its chronological system.年代：从某一具体日期算起的一段时间，也用作其年代系统的根据eg. the era of space travel太空旅行时代eg. The Christian era starts with the birth of Christ.基督教时代从耶稣诞生起算。eg. Our era produces a host of heroes and heroines.我们的时代英雄辈出。eg. We are now in a great new era of information.我们现在正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代。host主人, 旅馆招待 vt当主人招待abide by: keep to坚持, 遵守monarchmnk君主One who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right, especially君主：统治一个国家或地区的人，通常指世袭和终身统治，尤指A sole and absolute ruler唯一和绝对的统治者motto座右铭, 格言A brief statement used to express a principle, a goal, or an ideal 格言：用于表达一种原则、一个目标或一种理想的简短的陈述Summer Gamescitius, altius, fortiusQ1First held /Olympic /Greece Because they were first held at a place called Olympia in ancient Greece (until 393 AD). There have been two Olympic eras ancient and modern. The modern era began in 1896.Q2Approx. 2 weeksApproximately two weeksQ31924 /since then /same years / Summer / after 1992 /betweenYes. They began in 1924. Since then they had always been held in the same years as the Summer Games. After 1992, they took place between Summer Games.Q4 What do the five circles on the Olympic flag represent?Five continents/ blue, black, red, yellow, green, white / national flagThey stand for the five continents. Each circle is a different color blue, black, red, yellow and green (all against a white background). Every national flag in the world contains one or more of these six colors.Q5 When did the tradition of the Olympic flame begin?Flame / ancient games / modern Games /1928 / symbol perfection & victory /OlympiaThere was always a flame at the ancient Games, but it wasnt included in modern Games until 1928 (in Amsterdam). The flame is a symbol of a search for perfection and victory. Its lit at Olympia from the rays of the sun. Then its carried to the Games by a series of runners (or sometimes by air for part of the journey). It burns in the stadium from start to finish at every Olympics.Q6 All Olympic athletes have to be amateurs, dont they?Yes / no money / only medalsYes. Nobody wins any money only medals. Thats because the most important thing at the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part.Q7 What happens at the Opening Ceremony?Display / host country / flame lit / flag raised / Olympic oaths / opened by monarch or political leaderl Theres a huge display of song, dance and music by people from the host country.l The flame is lit.l The Olympic flag is raised and one athlete says these words: “In the name of all competitors, I promise that we will take part in the Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams.”l The Games are officially opened by the host countrys monarch or political leader.Q8 Whats the motto of the Olympic movement?Faster, higher, stronger“Citius, altius, fortius” which is Latin for “Faster, higher, and stronger.”Part 2 Sydney 2000Key words:The Summer Olympic GamesThe Paralympics残奥会The Clark familyMarla Runyan 玛勒(Mary 的异体)(f.)Vocabulary:Trampolinetrmp.li:n蹦床A strong, taut sheet, usually of canvas, attached with springs to a metal frame and used for gymnastic springing and tumbling蹦床：一张通常由帆布制的结实坚韧的床布，和弹簧一起连接在金属框架上，用于体操跳跃及翻滚Vault体撑竿跳eg. He vaulted the fence他撑竿跳过篱笆墙。Triathlon: 铁人三项a competition in which the people competing must swim, ride a bicycle and run particular distances without stopping between events铁人三项Pentathlon：现代五项a sports events in which those taking part have to compete against each other in five different sports: running, swimming, riding, shooting, and fencing现代五项OlympianGreek Mythology Of or relating to the greater gods and goddesses of the ancient Greek pantheon, whose abode was Mount Olympus.【希腊神话】 奥林匹亚山神的：古希腊万神殿中居住在奥林帕斯山的诸神和女神的或与之相关的disable: To deprive of capability or effectiveness, especially to impair the physical abilities of使无能力使丧失能力或使无效，尤指损害身体能力的disabilityHazel ClarkJearl Miller-ClarkJoetta Clark-DiggersJ.J ClarkTrack and field teamTrack and field eventFlorence Griffith Joyner弗洛伦斯（女子名）格里菲思(Griffin的异体)(m.) 乔伊娜Jackie Joyner-Kerseeincurable A. Listen to the first part of a report on the Olympic Games in Sydney. Focus on some number or dates and relevant information.Numbers/ DatesRelevant information5 million15, 0003, 000 million10, 000200about 300October 1st 16 daysOctober 18th 29th 4, 000Tapescript:The worlds most famous sports event is the Olympic Games. Five million people are expected to attend the Summer Olympic Games this year in Sydney, Australia. They include leaders and officials from many countries. About 15, 000 reporters are there. More than 3, 000 million people are expected to watch the Games on the television.More than 10, 000 athletes from 200 countries will compete in 28 different sports in the Summer Games. They will be trying to win medals gold for first, silver for second and bronze for third in about 300 events. New additions to the Summer Olympics this year include synchronized diving, womens weight lifting, trampoline, womens pole vault and the triathlon.The 2000 Summer Olympic Games will end October 1st, after 16 days of competition. The next Summer Games will be held 4 years from now, in Athens, Greece.Another international sports event will take place in Sydney following the Summer Olympics. The Paralympic Games will be held from October 18th to 29th. All the athletes who compete in the Paralympics have a physical disability. About 4, 000 disabled athletes will compete this year.The Summer Olympic and the Winter Olympic Games used to be held in the same year, every 4 year. Now, however, they are separated. The next Winter Games are less than 2 years away. The western American city of Salt Lake City, Utah is busy preparing for the Winter Olympics of 2002.B. Listen to the second part of the material. Then some statements will be read to you.1. T The Clark family is the first American family of which three members will compete in one Olympic race.2. FHazel Clark is the faster in the Clark family of runners. She has already won medals in earlier Olympic events.3. TMarla Runyan will be the first legally blind athlete in the Summer Olympic Games.4. FMarla Runyan will take part in the womens long jump and 1, 500 meter foot race at the Sydney Olympic Games.5. TMany disable people are greatly encouraged by Marla Runyans story.Three member of the same American family will compete in Sydney. Hazel Clark, Jearl Miller-Clark and Joetta Clark-Diggs are all members of the track and field team. Hazel and Joetta are sisters. Jearl is married to their brother, J.J. Clark. He is the coach for all three women.It is unusual for members of the same family to compete in the Olympics. But it has been done. Jackie Joyner-Kersee and her brothers wife Florence Griffith Joyner both competed in past Olympics. But they did not compete in the same event.The Clarks do. They all compete in the 800 meter womens foot race. Hazel Clark is the youngest in the Clark family of runners. She was the fastest in the Olympic trials. Her brothers wife, Jearl Millier-Clark, was second. Jearl has already won medals in two earlier Olympic Games. Joetta Clark-Diggs finished third. She is the oldest, at thirty-seven.That was the first time three family members finished first, second and third in the same United States Olympic trials race. And this will be the first time three Americans competing in one Olympic race are from one family. Many people will be watching the 800 meter race to see if the three members of the Clark family can win all three medals.One American athlete who will compete in the Summer Olympics is already a Paralympics champion. Her name is Marla Runyan. She won the 100, 200 and 400 meter races and the long jump at the 1992 Paralympics. She also won the pentathlon competition in 1996. this year, she will become the first legally blind athlete in the Summer Olympic Games.Marla Runyan suffers from an incurable eye problem. She has been legally blind since she was nine years old. She has been taking part in track events since she was in high school.Marla Runyan will compete in the womens 15,000 meter foot race at the Sydney Games. She says her goal was not to be the first legally blind Olympian. She just wanted to take part in the Olympics. But her story has helped other disable people find the strength to try to reach their goals. And Marla Runyan says that makes her feel very good.Part 3 News from the OlympicsA.Key words:athletesperformance-improving drugsrisks healthviolates rulesVocabularyhormoneh:mun荷尔蒙, 激素A substance, usually a peptide or steroid, produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity, such as growth or metabolism荷尔蒙：一种物质，通常为肽或类固醇，由一组织产生，经由血液循环到达另一组织来影响生理活动，例如生长或新陈代谢Any of various similar substances found in plants and insects that regulate development激素：一种存在于植物或昆虫中的具有调节生长之功能的物质urinejurin尿The waste product secreted by the kidneys that in mammals is a yellow to amber-colored, slightly acid fluid discharged from the body through the urethra.尿，小便：哺乳动物由肾脏排泄出的排泄物，颜色为黄色到琥珀色之间，为略含酸性的液体，通过尿道排出体外Punishment for those using drugs:before an event banned from the competitionafter winning an event losing the medalMeasurements taken by IOC to intensify the campaign:Testing more Olympic athletes more othen than everDifficulty in finding the drugs:drugs leaving the body in just a few hoursincreased urine production hiding the presence of banned drugsExamples of some banned drugs:Banned drug/ substanceFunctionAnabolic steroidsIncreasing muscle strengthEPO (Erythropoietin)Increasing the production of red blood cellsHuman growth hormone and othersl Building muscle size and strengthl Increasing the production of red blood cells red blood cellsmuscle size and strengthred blood cellsPossible dangers caused by banned drugs:l thickening the bloodl causing an enlarged heartl damaging the reproductive systeml causing deathTapescript:Over the next two weeks, 10, 000 athletes from 200 countries will compete in the Summer Games in Sydney, Australia. They will try to live by the Olympic saying, “Faster, higher, stronger.” But in the world of sports, experts say too many athletes use performance-improving drugs to reach these goals.The International Olympic Committee says drug use risks the health of athletes and violates the rules of sport. If an athlete fails a drug test before an event, he or she is banned from the competition. Athletes who fail a test after winning an event lose their medals.This year, the IOC says it is testing more Olympic athletes more often than ever.The International Olympic committee bans six kinds of substances and three methods of increasing performance. One group of banned drugs is anabolic steroids. These substances increase muscle strength. Experts say that some fast-acting steroids now leave the body in just few hours. That makes them extremely difficult to find.Another banned drug is known as EPO. Erythropoietin increases the production of red blood cells. Officials at the Sydney Olympic are testing for EPO for the first time this year. But experts say the officials may not find any if an athlete stopped taking the drug about a week before the Games began.Another banned substance is human growth hormone, which builds muscle size and strength. Others increase the production of red blood cells. They also increase urine production, which can hide the presence of banned drugs.Many of these banned substances are dangerous. They can thicken the blood, cause an enlarged heart, or damage the reproductive system. They can even kill.B.Key words:environmentally-friendlygoalsenergymaterialswaterwaste productsVocabulary:cornstarch玉米淀粉Starch prepared from corn grains, used industrially and as a thickener in cooking.玉米淀粉：用玉米粒制成的淀粉，用于工业上和烹调时的增稠剂break down分解Environmental goals achievedSaving energy by increasing the use of solar powerBuilding structures w