综英 Unit How America Livesppt课件.ppt

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材 修订版 综合教程第五册 第2版 电子教案 Unit6HowAmericaLives 上海外语教育出版社 Coverpage Pre R pictureactivation CanyouspecifytypicalAmericans PictureActivation Pre questions Pre R Q1 1 Withtheever increasingcontactbetweentheChineseandAmericanpeoples wearegettingtoknoweachotherbetter BasedonyourcommunicationwithsomeAmericansoryourreadingaboutthatnation whatopinionsdoyouholdabouttheAmericanpeople PictureActivation Pre questions Openfordiscussion Pre R Q2 2 ChineseandAmericansaretwogreatpeoplesintheworld Theyhaveobvioussimilaritiesanddifferences Makesomecomparisonandcontrastbetweenthem PictureActivation Pre questions Openfordiscussion G R textintroduction JamesAlbertMichener inthistext showsreaderschangesofAmericansocietyin politics courtshipandmarriage feminist andalsotheexistenceofthreeseriousproblemsin schooleducation jobsopportunitiesandwelfare andhousingfortheyoung Despitetheseproblems thewriterfeelsconfidentthatAmericahasgoodprospects Hefeelsproudofhismotherland ofthegreatAmericanpeople andoftheuniqueAmericandemocraticsystem TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R culturenotes 1 Puritanism Paragraph3 thepracticesanddoctrinesofthePuritanswhoweremembersofagroupofProtestantsin16th and17th centuryEnglandand17th centuryAmericawhobelievedinstrictreligiousdisciplineandcalledforthesimplificationofactsofworship ThemovementwasanattempttoremoveRomanCatholicinfluencesfromtheChurchofEngland TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R culturenotes 2 balancedsystemofgovernment Paragraph8 TheconceptreferstothethreebranchesoftheUnitedStatesgovernment thelegislative theexecutive andthejudicial thatrestrainandstabilizeoneanotherthroughtheirseparatedfunctions Thelegislativebranch representedbytheCongress mustpassbillsbeforetheycanbecomelaw Theexecutivebranch namely thepresident canvetobillspassedbytheCongress thuspreventingthemfrombecominglaw Inturn byatwo thirdsvote theCongresscanoverridethepresident sveto TheSupremeCourtmayinvalidateactsoftheCongressbydeclaringthemcontrarytotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates buttheCongresscanchangetheConstitutionthroughtheamendmentprocess TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R author 1 JamesAlbertMichener 1907 1997 Americanwriter becameknownforthevoluminousresearchheincorporatesandmakesaccessibleandinterestinginhiswritings Hisbookstypicallyprovideadetaileddiscussionofthehistoryandgeographyofspecificregions HiswiderangingwritingcareerbeganwhenhisexperiencesduringWorldWarIIprovidedthematerialforabookofshortstories TalesoftheSouthPacific 1947 forwhichhereceivedthe1984PulitzerPrizeinfiction TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R author 2 HisotherworksincludeSayonara 1954 Hawaii 1959 Chesapeake 1978 TheCovenant 1980 Poland 1982 Texas 1985 andAlaska 1988 TheNovel 1991 Recessional 1994 AMiracleinSeville 1995 TheBridgeatAndau 1957 Iberia SpanishTravelsandReflections 1968 AMichenerMiscellany 1950 1970 1973 Michener smemoir TheWorldIsMyHome 1992 TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R structuralanalysis TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure PartI 1 reality Americansstillfollowmanyoftheoldways similaritiesthandifferences PartII 2 4 majorchangesinAmericansociety PartIII 5 7 mainproblemsinAmericansociety PartIV 8 9 explainswhyAmericahasgoodprospectsandwhytheAmericansystemhassurvivedandshouldsurvive DR p1 1text HOWAMERICALIVESJamesAlbertMichener1 Americansstillfollowmanyoftheoldways Inatimeofrapidchangeitisessentialthatwerememberhowmuchoftheoldweclingto Youngpeoplestillgetmarried 2 41millioncoupleslastyearasopposedtoonly1 52millionin1960 Ofcourse manydogetdivorced buttheyremarryatastonishingrates Theyhavechildren butfewerthanbefore DetailedReading DR p1 2text Theybelongtochurches eventhoughtheyattendsomewhatlessfrequently andtheywanttheirchildrentohavereligiousinstruction Theyarewillingtopaytaxesforeducation andtheygenerouslysupportinstitutionslikehospitals museumsandlibraries Infact whenyoucomparetheAmericaoftodaywiththatof1950 thesimilaritiesarefargreaterthanthedifferences DetailedReading DR p2text 2 Americansseemtobegrowingconservative The1980election especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives signaledadecidedturntotherightinsofaraspoliticalandsocialattitudeswereconcerned Itisasifourcountryspentthe1960sand1970sjealouslybreakingoutofoldrestraintsandnowwishestoputthebrakeson ascautiouspeopleoftendoafterabinge Weshouldexpecttoseeareaffirmationoftraditionalfamilyvalues sharprestraintsonpornography areturntoreligionandarejectionofcertainkindsofsociallegislation DetailedReading DR p3text 3 Patternsofcourtshipandmarriagehavechangedradically Wheresexwasconcerned Iwasraisedinanatmosphereofsuspicion repressionandPuritanism andalthoughhuskyyoungkidscansurvivealmostanything manyinmygenerationsufferedgrievously Withoutreservation Iapplaudthefreerpatternsoftoday althoughIbelievethatit sbeendifficultforsomefamiliestohandlethechanges DetailedReading DR p4text 4 Americanwomenarechangingtherules ThirtyyearsagoIcouldnothaveimaginedagroupofwomenemployeessuingamajorcorporationformillionsofdollarsofsalarywhich theyalleged hadbeendeniedthembecausetheyhadbeendiscriminatedagainst NorcouldIimaginewomeninuniversitiesgoinguptothemenwhorantheathleticprogramsanddemandingajustshareofthephysicaleducationbudget Buttheyaredoingthis andwiththesupportofmanymenwhorecognizethejusticeoftheirclaims Atwork atplay atalllevelsoflivingwomenaresuggestingnewrules DetailedReading DR p5text 5 Americaisworriedaboutitsschools IfIhadachildtoday Iwouldsendherorhimtoaprivateschoolforthesakeofsafety forthedisciplinethatwouldbeenforcedandfortherigorousacademicrequirements ButIwoulddoubtthatthechildwouldgetanybettereducationthanIdidinmygoodpublicschool Theproblemisthatgoodpublicschoolsarebecomingpitifullyrare andIwouldnotwanttotakethechancethattheoneIsentmychildrentowasinadequate DetailedReading DR p6text 6 SomeAmericansmustliveonwelfare Sinceitseemsobviousthatournationcanproduceallitsneedswithonlyapartoftheavailableworkforce somekindofsocialwelfareassistancemustbedoledouttothosewhocannotfindjobs WhenIthinkofatypicalwelfarerecipientIthinkofayoungneighborwomanwhosehusbandwaskilledinatragicaccident leavingherwiththreeyoungchildren Inthebadolddaysshemighthaveknowndestitution butwithfamilyassistanceshewasabletoholdherchildrentogetherandproducedthreefine tax payingcitizens Ilikethatkindofsocialassistanceandamwillingtosupportit Americaisessentiallyacompassionatesociety DetailedReading DR p7 1text 7 Americacannotfindhousingforitsyoungfamilies IconsiderthisthemostseriousdangerconfrontingfamilylifeinAmerica andIamappalledthattheconditionhasbeenallowedtodevelop Formorethanadecade travelerslikemehavebeenawarethatincountrieslikeSweden Denmark RussiaandIndiayoungpeoplehavefounditalmostimpossibletoacquirehomes InSwedenthecustomarywaitwas11yearsofmarriage andweusedtoask whatwentwrong Itseemedtousthatamajorresponsibilityofanynationwouldbetoprovidehomesforitsyoungpeoplestartingtheirfamilies DetailedReading DR p7 2text Well thisdreadfulsocialsicknesshasnowovertakentheUnitedStates andforthesamereasons Thebuildersinoursocietyfinditprofitabletoerectthree bathroomhomesthatsellfor 220 000withamortgageat19percentbutfinditimpossibletoerectsmallhomesforyoungmarrieds Foramajornationtoshowitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeopleisadmittingafailurethatmustbecorrected DetailedReading DR p8text 8 Ourprospectsarestillgood Ifindourchancestobeatleastasgoodasthoseofanyothernationandprobablybetter Wehaveaphysicalsettingofremarkableintegrity theworld sbestagriculture asplendidwealthofminerals greatriversforirrigationandanunsurpassedsystemofroadsfortransportation Wealsohaveamagnificentmixtureofpeoplesfromallthecontinentswithvariedtraditionsandstrengths Butmostofall wehaveauniqueandbalancedsystemofgovernment DetailedReading DR p9text 9 IthinkofAmericaashavingtheoldestformofgovernmentonearth becausesincewestartedourpresentdemocracyin1789 everyothernationhassufferedeitherparliamentarychangeorrevolutionarychange Itisoursystemthathassurvivedandshouldsurvive givingthemaximumnumberofpeopleamaximumchanceforhappiness DetailedReading DR p1Analysis Paragraph1AnalysisThefirstparagraphistheintroductorypartoftheessay ItmentionsandillustratesthemainideathatAmericansstillfollowmanyoftheoldwaysthoughdifferencesareobviousinAmericanlife ThelastsentencetellsusthatacomparisonoftheAmericaoftodaywiththatof1950showsthattherearemoresimilaritiesthandifferences DetailedReading DR p2 4Analysis Paragraph2 4AnalysisThesethreeparagraphs thesecondpartoftheessay tellusaboutthemajorchangesthathavetakenplaceandthatareoccurringinAmericanlife FromtheseparagraphswegettoknowthatAmericansaregrowingconservative thattheyhavechangedtheirpatternsofcourtshipandmarriage enjoyingmuchmorefreedominthesetwoaspects andthatAmericanwomenarechangingtheoldrulesandsuggestingnewrules Afterreadingthesethreeparagraphs wecanalsohaveaclearideaofthewriter sattitudetowardsthesechangesinAmericanlife Obviously hefullysupportsandwelcomesthem DetailedReading DR p5 7Analysis Paragraph5 7AnalysisThesethreeparagraphs thethirdpartoftheessay pointoutthemainproblemsinAmericansociety Americanschoolsarenotasgoodasbefore Americanswhocannotfindjobsdonotgetsufficientwelfare Americashowsitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeople Fromtheseparagraphs wecanalsoseethewriter sopinionsoftheseproblems DetailedReading DR p8 9Analysis Paragraph8 9AnalysisThesetwoparagraphs theconcludingpartoftheessay drawourattentiontothewriter sopinionsofthenation sprospectsanditssystem Itisworthnotingthatthewriterprovidesgoodreasonsforhisopinions Fromtheconclusion wecanalsogettoknowthatthewriterfeelsproudofhismotherlandandthinkshighlyoftheAmericanpeopleandparticularlytheAmericansystem DetailedReading DR Questions p1 1a DetailedReading Paragraph1 Questions1 WhichsentencesinthispartshowthemainsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenAmericanlifeinthepresentandthatinthepast Thefollowingsentencesshowthemainsimilaritiesanddifferences Youngpeoplestillgetmarried 2 41millioncoupleslastyearasopposedtoonly1 52millionin1960 Ofcourse manydogetdivorced buttheyremarryatastonishingrates Theyhavechildren butfewerthanbefore Theybelongtochurches eventhoughtheyattendsomewhatlessfrequently andtheywanttheirchildrentohavereligiousinstruction They DR Questions p1 1b arewillingtopaytaxesforeducation andtheygenerouslysupportinstitutionslikehospitals museumsandlibraries DetailedReading DR Questions p1 2 DetailedReading Paragraph1 Questions2 InwhatwaysareAmericansgenerous Theyarealwaysreadytopaytaxesforeducation andtheygenerouslysupportinstitutionslikehospitals museumsandlibraries DR Questions p2 4 1a DetailedReading Paragraph2 4 Questions1 Accordingtothispart whatmajorchangeshavetakenplaceoraretakingplaceinAmericansociety Giveanaccountofthem Firstofall Americansaregrowingconservativeintermsoftheirpoliticalandsocialattitudes Inthe1960sand1970s Americansbrokeoutofoldrestraints Butthe1980election especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives signaledadecidedturntotherightinsofaraspoliticalandsocialattitudeswereconcerned Sincethebeginningofthe1980s Americanshavebecomemoreconservative DR Questions p2 4 1b DetailedReading Secondly patternsofcourtshipandmarriagehavechangedradically Whentheauthorwasachild thereprevailedanatmosphereofsuspicion repressionandPuritanism andmanypeopleinhisgenerationsufferedgrievously Nowpeopleenjoymuchmorefreedomintermsofcourtshipandmarriage Thirdly Americanwomen whoarenolongerdiscriminatedagainst arechangingtheoldrules Forexample theyareboldenoughtosueamajorcorporationformillionsofdollarsofsalarywhichhasbeendeniedthem Andwomeninuniversitiesare DR Questions p2 4 1c DetailedReading courageousenoughtogouptothemenwhoruntheathleticprogramsanddemandajustshareofthephysicaleducationbudget Allthiswasunimaginableinthepast Nowadays atwork atplay atalllevelsoflife womenaresuggestingnewrules DR Questions p2 4 2a DetailedReading Paragraph2 4 Questions2 Pickoutthesentencesthatindicatethewriter spositiveattitudetowardsthechanges 1 Weshouldexpecttoseeareaffirmationoftraditionalfamilyvalues sharprestraintsonpornography areturntoreligionandarejectionofcertainkindsofsociallegislation Thissentenceimpliesthatthewriterwelcomeschangestowardsthetraditionalvaluesandbeliefs 2 Withoutreservation Iapplaudthefreerpatternsoftoday ThissentencetellsusthatthewriterwarmlywelcomesthefreerpatternsofcourtshipandmarriageincontemporaryAmericanlife DR Questions p2 4 2b DetailedReading 3 demandingajustshareofthephysicaleducationbudget Buttheyaredoingthis andwiththesupportofmanymenwhorecognizethejusticeoftheirclaims Fromhisuseof ajustshare and thejusticeoftheirclaims wecaninferthatthewriterfullysupportsAmericanwomenwhoarechangingtherules DR Questions p5 DetailedReading Paragraph5 QuestionWhatdoesthewriterthinkofAmericanschools JamesAlbertMichenerthinksthatAmericanschoolsarenotasgoodastheyoncewere Accordingtohim publicschoolsarenotverysafe theyarenotverystrictwiththeirpupils andtheydonotsetrigorousacademicdemandsonthem Inhisopinion goodpublicschoolsarebecomingpitifullyrare andprivateschoolsdonotprovidesatisfactoryeducation either thoughtheyarebetterthanpublicschools DR Questions p6 DetailedReading Paragraph6 QuestionDoesthewriterapplaudsocialassistancetothepoorandthejobless Supportyouranswerbyquotingtherelevantsentences Yes hedoes Clearly hestronglyadvocatesthatsocialassistancebefurtherpromotedinAmerica whichcanbeseenfromthefollowingsentences SomeAmericansmustliveonwelfare Sinceitseemsobviousthatournationcanproduceallitsneedswithonlyapartoftheavailableworkforce somekindofsocialwelfareassistancemustbedoledouttothosewhocannotfindjobs Ilikethatkindofsocialassistanceandamwillingtosupportit DR Questions p7 1 DetailedReading Paragraph7 Questions1 WhycannotAmericafindaccommodationforitsyoungmarriedcouples Becausethebuildersfinditprofitabletoerectthree bathroomhomesthatsellfor 220 000withamortgageat19percent buttheyfinditimpossibletoerectsmallhomesforyoungmarriedcouples Inotherwords thebuildersinAmericansocietydonotwanttobuildsmallhomesforyoungmarriedpeoplebecausethebuildingofsmallhomesislessprofitable DR Questions p7 2 DetailedReading Paragraph7 Questions2 Whatisthewriter sattitudetowardstheyoungpeople shousingprobleminAmerica ThewriterconsidersthehousingproblemtheyoungAmericansarefacedwithtobethemostseriousdangerconfrontingfamilylifeinAmerica andheisappalledthattheconditionhasbeenallowedtodevelop Inhisopinion foragreatnationlikeAmericatoshowitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeoplemeansthatitadmitsafailurethatmustbecorrected DR Questions p8 DetailedReading Paragraph8 QuestionWhydoesthewritersaythatAmericahasgoodprospectsdespiteitsproblems HebelievesthatAmericahaschancesthatareatleastasgoodasthoseofanyothernationandprobablybetter andthatAmericanshaveaphysicalsettingofremarkableintegrity theworld sbestagriculture asplendidwealthofminerals greatriversforirrigationandanunsurpassedsystemofroadsfortransportation Americaboastsamagnificentblendofpeoplesfromallthecontinentswithvariedtraditionsandstrengths andthatmostofall Americahasauniqueandbalancedsystemofgovernment DR Questions p9 DetailedReading Paragraph9 QuestionWhyhastheAmericansystemsurvivedandwhyshoulditsurvive Because accordingtothewriter theAmericansystemofgovernmentisatrulydemocraticsystem ithasnotexperiencedeitherparliamentarychangeorrevolutionarychange moreover itoffersthemaximumnumberofpeopleamaximumchanceforhappiness LPT Inatimeofrapidchangeitisessential DetailedReading Inatimeofrapidchangeitisessentialthatwerememberhowmuchoftheoldweclingto Paraphrase Inatimeofquicktransformationitisnecessaryforustorememberhowmanyoftheoldwayswestilladhereto LPT clingto DetailedReading cling on tosb orsth toholdontightlytosb orsth beunwillingtoabandonitorrefusetogiveitup becomeattachedtoitorsticktoit e g Therescuerssawthesurvivorsclingingtoaraft Sheclungtothehopethathewasstillalive Don tclingtothecurbwhenyouaredriving LPT theybelongtochurches DetailedReading Theybelongtochurches eventhoughtheyattendsomewhatlessfrequently andtheywanttheirchildrentohavereligiousinstruction Paraphrase TheybelongtoparticulargroupsofChristians eventhoughtheyattendreligiousservicesabitlessoften andtheywanttheirchildrentoreceivereligiousinstruction LPT Americansseemto DetailedReading Americansseemtobegrowingconservative Paraphrase Americansseemtobeincreasinglyopposedtogreatorsuddenchanges LPT conservative DetailedReading conservativeadj infavorofpreservingthestatusquoandtraditionalvaluesandcustoms andagainstabruptchanges e g HemadeaconservativeguessofthefloatingpopulationinShanghai Isittruethatoldpeopleareusuallymoreconservativethantheyoung LPT the1980election The1980election especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives signaledadecidedturntotherightinsofaraspoliticalandsocialattitudeswereconcerned DetailedReading Paraphrase The1980election especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives indicatedadefinitechangetotherightintermsofthevoters politicalandsocialattitudes LPT senate theSenatetheupperhouseofthelaw makingassemblyinsomecountries e g France theUSA andAustraliatheHouseofRepresentativestheassemblyofelectedrepresentativesinthecentralgovernmentoftheUSA AustraliaandNewZealand DetailedReading LPT Itisasifourcountryspentthe1960s DetailedReading Itisasifourcountryspentthe1960sand1970sjealouslybreakingoutofoldrestraintsandnowwishestoputthebrakeson ascautiouspeopleoftendoafterabinge Paraphrase Itseemsasthoughduringthe1960sand1970sweAmericansmadeboldeffortstoescapefromoldrestrictionsandnowintendtoputanendtoit justascautiouspeopleoftendoafterexcessiveindulgence LPT jealously DetailedReading jealouslyadv watchfully carefully Thepublishinghouseisjealouslyprotectiveofthecopyrightofallitsbooks e g LPT restraint DetailedReading restraintn restriction sth thatchecksorcontrols e g Isharplyfeeltherestraintsofalimitedincomeonthefamilybudget Theyimposedrestraintsonwagesettlements LPT brake DetailedReading braken adeviceforreducingthespeedoforstoppingacar bicycle train etc fig restraintonsth e g Hisbrakesfailedonasteephill TheGovernmentisdeterminedtoputabrakeonpublicspending Ignoranceactsasabraketoprogress LPT binge DetailedReading bingen infml timeofwil